How does the Mars virus spread?

How does the mars virus spread?

The MERS virus is a new type of coronavirus. This virus has been named MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). Most MERS The virus infection case occurred in Saudi Arabia.

Chinese name: MERS virus

Type: New coronavirus

Place of occurrence: Saudi Arabia

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Background

Coronavirus in humans was first isolated in the UK in the 1960s. The virus was named after the crown-like protrusions on its surface. It may be associated with respiratory infections in humans, pigs, cats, dogs, rats and chickens. The SARS virus that appeared in China in 2003 is a coronavirus. MERS thus becomes the sixth known human coronavirus and the third to be isolated in the past decade.

Starting in the summer of 2012, a new coronavirus similar to SARS began killing people in Saudi Arabia and then spread to other countries. On May 14, 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) had confirmed 38 patients.

Since it was confirmed in September 2012, it has killed 92 people as of April 15, 2014.

The SARS virus has infected more than 8,000 people, with a mortality rate of 11%. As of May 14, 53% of patients infected with the new coronavirus have died. This new coronavirus has now been dubbed MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) by researchers.

"We don't know whether there are a larger number of MERS cases with no clinical symptoms or mild symptoms. But just looking at the rough mortality rate, MERS is more deadly (than SARS)." Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering , Yuan Guoyong, director of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, said, "More research is needed to understand the current situation."

Yuan Guoyong said that the pathogenesis and possible antiviral treatments are still being studied. . In a paper published in March 2013, Yuan Guoyong's research team found that antibodies in the blood of recovered SARS patients also reacted strongly to the MERS virus, indicating that the two are similar pathogens.

"There is a possibility that when detecting antibodies in the blood of Chinese people who have had SARS, a wrong diagnosis will be made." Yuan Guoyong said, "In addition, because recovered SARS patients have The presence of low levels of antibodies may cause them to develop more severe symptoms after being infected with MERS. This is called antibody-mediated immune enhancement." Yuan Guoyong believes that the issues that the scientific community urgently needs to understand include: Whether the virus can be transmitted from person to person, what are the best ways to prevent and treat infection, and what is the source of the virus - bats or other animals.

Source of the virus

An abandoned village in southwestern Saudi Arabia

A house with a bat trap

Village, A large number of scientists set up traps here to catch bats to study the new MERS virus, with the intention of finding the source of infection of the MERS virus in the environment.

In October 2012, a team of scientists from the Saudi Ministry of Health, Columbia University, and the EcoHealth Alliance began searching near Saudi towns where MERS cases had been reported. In a centuries-old abandoned village, scientists found what they were looking for. A hut housing about 500 bats.

Scientists check bats at night to see if they carry the MERS virus. The bats are released after testing.

It takes about 15 minutes to examine a bat and name it

A bat caught in a remote Saudi village in Saudi Arabia

Weigh and measure, wipe Some saliva and fecal samples were collected, as well as some blood and a small patch of skin from its wings to run DNA tests to determine its species. The specimens were frozen and sent to the laboratory of Dr. W. Ian Lipkin.

The team also tested camels, goats, sheep and cats, which may serve as intermediate hosts for the virus from bats to humans. One reason to suspect camels is that a MERS patient from the United Arab Emirates had been around a sick camel before falling ill. But the camel was not tested.

Hundreds of bats have been tested, but the results have not yet been released.

Transmission route

Human-to-human transmission

On May 19, 2014, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced the first case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection (MERS) The local case was discovered when health personnel were tracking the first imported case and investigating related contacts. This was also the first case of human-to-human transmission in the United States.

The infected person had close contact with the first imported case and had not traveled abroad. The local health unit will continue to track the health status of about 60 contacts of the local case.

Fortunately, the infected person only developed mild flu-like symptoms and is in good health in isolation at home. Since this incident still has limited human-to-human transmission, the United States does not plan to change its prevention and control measures for MERS.

In this regard, experts remind that when traveling to the Middle East, you should pay attention to personal hygiene and respiratory protection measures, wash your hands frequently, and avoid coming into contact with camels or eating camel meat, drinking raw camel milk or other animal milk, in order to Reduce the risk of infection.

Community transmission

Taken together, the virus has been found in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Greece, Tunisia and the Philippines. The World Health Organization reports that since it was first discovered in 2012, a total of 496 patients have been confirmed to be infected with the virus, which has resulted in at least 126 deaths in Saudi Arabia. All cases are linked to seven countries in the Arabian Peninsula. This virus has been transmitted to healthy people through close contact in caregiving and living quarters. However, there is no evidence of sustained community transmission of the virus.

Question:

I don’t understand, just tell me how it spreads. How does the Android phone virus spread?

There are many ways it spreads. However, with the development of the mobile Internet, Androi's malicious program production costs have decreased and hackers' new attack techniques have improved. Virus packages can be generated in batches and spread through text messages with phishing URLs attached to the virus packages. How is the hepatitis B virus spread?

AIDS is spread through blood, mother-to-child, and sex. To put it bluntly, it is spread through body fluids. As long as the virus enters the tissue fluid within your skin, it can be spread. But if you get the hepatitis B vaccine, you'll be fine. In what ways does the AIDS virus spread?

Although people infected with HIV appear to be the same as normal people, their blood, vaginal discharge, vaginal secretions, damaged skin and mucous membranes, or exudates from inflammatory ulcers Human milk contains a large amount of HIV, which is highly contagious; breast milk also contains the virus, which is contagious. Viruses can also be found in saliva, tears, sweat and urine, but contain very little virus and are not highly contagious. There are three confirmed routes of HIV infection:

1. Sexual transmission

Transmission through sexual intercourse is the main transmission route of HIV: whether homosexuality or sexual intercourse between two sexes, *** There is a greater risk of infection.

Same-sex sexual contact infection

Among adult male AIDS patients, a large proportion of homosexuals are homosexuals, especially in the United States and some European countries and regions. With the spread of homosexuality, infection The number of people suffering from HIV or AIDS continues to increase, and this type of sexual behavior has become the most important way to spread AIDS. Men infected with HIV have a large amount of HIV in their vaginas, and the concentration can reach 107-8/ml***. In addition, the anatomical structures of the rectum of men and women are different. The rectum of men is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, while the rectal mucosa is columnar epithelium. Its resistance is more fragile than that of women, and its elasticity is also lower. At*** . Therefore, they can easily damage the thin and fragile vaginal rectal mucosal surface and form wounds during the vaginal surgery. The HIV virus in the vagina enters the blood circulation system through minor wounds in the rectum, causing the body to become infected with AIDS. In addition, when cells with different tissue compatibility antigens pass through the damaged rectal mucosa, the recipient may undergo a graft-versus-host reaction or a host-versus-graft reaction. Both can lead to severe immunosuppression. Homosexual men are not single-sex people. They often have frequent sexual contact with many sexual partners. Therefore, there are cases where the active person transmits HIV to the passive person through sex, and there are also cases where the passive person has other people in their body. HIV-carrying vaginas that transmit the virus to sexually active persons. This increases the chances of HIV transmission.

Sexual contact infection between opposite sex

Heterosexual sexual contact between men and women can also transmit AIDS. The main route of infection between men and women is between men and women. HIV is transmitted to women through HIV. It was initially thought that HIV-infected women were at less risk of transmitting the virus to men through vaginal intercourse. Generally speaking, the risk of infection among heterosexuals is less than that among homosexuals. However, in recent years, it has been found that the number of patients infected through heterosexual contact has increased. For example, in some developing countries, AIDS is mainly transmitted through heterosexual sexual contact, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Among them, prostitutes and prostitutes play a major role. important role. However, in some countries and regions, prostitution and other ugly phenomena cannot be outlawed, so the problem of heterosexual HIV infection cannot be truly solved.

2. Blood transmission

People who inject drugs intravenously use unsterile syringes: transfuse blood or blood products from blood donors who have not been tested for HIV antibodies. , as well as bone marrow transfusion and organ transplantation under similar circumstances; syringes and needles are not disinfected thoroughly or are not disinfected, especially children's preventive injections that do not have one needle and one tube per person, which is more dangerous; syringes and needles contaminated with HIV are passed through Blood is an important vector for transmitting AIDS.

In Western countries, intravenous drug addicts are the second largest risk group for AIDS after homosexuals. In particular, more than half of female AIDS patients are intravenous drug addicts. Many intravenous drug addicts often use a syringe and needle. If there is an HIV carrier, the needle or syringe will be contaminated, creating a chance of mutual infection between them. It is now generally believed that the mode of HIV transmission through unsterilized public needles is similar to that of hepatitis B. In some African countries, the use of unsterilized and washed syringes and injection needles is one of the reasons for the high incidence of AIDS in the region.

Dental instruments, delivery instruments, surgical instruments, and needles used for acupuncture treatment are not strictly sterilized or are not sterilized; knives and needles for haircuts, cosmetology (such as eyebrow tattoos, ear piercing), tattoos, etc. The pedicure knife in the bathroom is not sterilized; use a razor, razor, or dental toothbrush with others; when rescuing a bleeding casualty, the rescuer's own damaged skin comes into contact with the wounded's blood. HIV has been isolated from patients' blood, saliva, tears, breast milk, urine and cerebrospinal fluid in the laboratory, but epidemiological evidence only proves that blood and vaginal transmission play a role in transmission. Currently, the spread of AIDS through blood transfusion is an urgent problem in developing countries, especially in some African countries and regions. In almost most African countries, non-voluntary blood donation is the mainstay. Most of them are young adults and they are in the age group of sexual activity, which means that the blood they provide is likely to have the chance of being infected with HIV. If these blood and blood products are transfused to other patients, they may be infected with AIDS. For example, hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disease caused by the lack of essential coagulation factors VM or IX in the body. The main treatment for hemophilia is regular injection of plasma freeze-dried concentrated preparations or cryoprecipitate preparations. Each batch of concentrated preparation comes from the plasma of 2,000-5,000 different blood donors. As long as any of the blood donors has HIV, the preparation will be contaminated, and the hemophilia patients receiving treatment will also be infected. Among the people infected with HIV found in our country, 4 were infected due to the input of blood products imported from foreign countries. Some data show that the concentrated coagulation factor VM or IX prepared in the United States once played an important role in the spread of AIDS. The incidence of AIDS among hemophilia patients receiving coagulation factor treatment in this country is higher than that in Europe. This may be related to the blood products prepared in the United States. associated with higher levels of pollution.

3. Mother-to-child transmission

Pregnant women infected with HIV can transmit the virus to their babies through the placenta, through the birth canal during delivery, or through breastfeeding. Pregnant women with AIDS or HIV can transmit HIV directly to their fetuses through the placenta, and they can also infect their newborns prenatally, during labor (through the birth canal during birth), and postpartum (through breastfeeding). Data show that about 73% of the parents of AIDS babies are AIDS patients or high-risk groups for AIDS; the mothers of all HIV-infected babies are serologically positive virus carriers; and when the father has the virus, the mother To date, no HIV-infected babies have been found in HIV-free families. This means that infant HIV infection always comes from the mother, not the father. In most cases, the father is infected first and then passes the infection to the mother, who in turn passes it to the baby.

4. Other ways

For example, while using organs contaminated with HIV for transplantation, HIV is also implanted into the body. In addition, during the artificial fertilization process, people who receive HIV-infected women also have the opportunity to be infected with AIDS. Professionals who come into contact with AIDS patients (such as medical staff, police, barbers, prison guards, funeral staff) may be infected if their skin is damaged and exposed to HIV. Although the saliva of AIDS patients contains HIV, so far, no cases of AIDS transmission have been found through saliva or oral cups. This may be because saliva contains factors that prevent HIV infection and can prevent HIV infection. Violation, therefore, kissing may not be a route of transmission of AIDS. In July 1988, the Journal of the American Medical Association published a report on the transmission of AIDS. The report stated that there is currently no indication that HIV is transmitted through saliva, tears, urine, tableware, casual contact with germs, or insects. , indicating that HIV is not transmitted through daily contact. HIV cannot be transmitted through air, drinking water, food, unconsumed tableware, clothes, bedding, currency and other items. Generally, there is no need to worry about being infected by shaking hands, kissing or touching the phone, toilet, tables and chairs, etc. with an AIDS patient. Tourist pools and public bathhouses generally do not transmit AIDS. Various domestic animals cannot carry HIV, therefore, AIDS cannot be transmitted through animal bites or scratches.

There are no ways of transmitting HIV

Air; drinking water, food; daily work and life contacts; swimming pools; blood-sucking insects and mosquitoes, fleas, lice, etc. No transmission has been found so far HIV blood-sucking insects; protective care and nursing for AIDS patients; squat toilets and urinals;

Behaviors that require caution to avoid accidental transmission

1. Kissing

As long as the lips, tongue and oral mucosa are intact, foreigners' courtesy lip-to-cheek kissing should be safe. Mouth-to-mouth kissing, especially deep kissing, long kissing, or when the lips, tongue, and oral mucosa are damaged or ulcerated, there is a risk of infection.

2. Handshake

A handshake should be safe if the skin of both parties' hands is not damaged.

3. Hugs

Hugs through clothes are safe. There is a certain risk if the skin is in direct contact with the skin and the skin is scratched or has a skin disease.

4. Meal

Although my country’s high-quality food system has not been found to be able to transmit AIDS, it is an unhygienic eating habit and the food-sharing system should be promoted.

5. Use condoms***

Correct use of condoms can reduce the chance of transmitting AIDS to a certain extent, but there is still a risk of contracting HIV through sexual intercourse using condoms. Dangerous, because condoms may break and slip during intercourse, with a failure rate of about 10%, that is, 10 failures may occur in 100 condoms used during intercourse. Therefore, people involved in prostitution and sexual promiscuity must cherish their lives and stop such high-risk sexual behaviors immediately. Using condoms to prevent AIDS is not a safe and reliable method, and condoms should not be regarded as condoms or condoms. Only cleanliness and self-love are the most reliable.

6. Use the toilet

The toilet seat has been disinfected, or the seat must not be contaminated by the patient's vagina, menstrual blood or vaginal secretions. It should be safe to touch the skin of the toilet seat if there is no damage or skin disease. How does the Bitcoin ransomware spread?

It spreads through these ports 135.137.138.445.

Prevention method:

1. First start the firewall that comes with Windows

2. Right-click the network icon in the lower right corner - *** Share Center - Windows Firewall -Advanced Settings-Inbound Rules on the left-New on the right-Port-tcp-Enter these ports-Access Denied

Will the SMSS virus spread through a USB flash drive?

SMSS virus

Introduction to SMSS virus: This is a PE virus under Windows. It is written in VB6.

It is a virus that automatically accesses a site (3721 ) Trojan virus. The virus will add its own startup items in many places in the registry, modify the system file WIN.INI, and add "RUN" to the [WINDOWS] item

=

"%WINDIR%\SMSS.EXE". Symptoms: Just take a look to make sure you are not infected! If there are two *** ss.exe processes in the system process, and the *** ss.exe path is "WINDOWS\SMSS.EXE", then it is infected by the TrojanClicker.Nogard.a virus.

Removal process: Unlike ROSE

ADOBER, two small pieces of garbage, it is useless to simply remove its related virus files, modify the registry, and change startup items. At that time Wasting time. Therefore, this Trojan virus is relatively advanced and quite troublesome.

Steps: When manually disinfecting viruses, make sure the folder options are set first and then clean them up. This is a good habit. Show hidden files, uncheck Hide protected operating system files.

1. Run gpedit.msc to open Group Policy - Computer Configuration - Windows Settings - Security Settings - Software Restriction Policy - Other Rules, right-click in the blank space of the right window and select "New Hash Rule". This way ***ss.exe will no longer run.

2. Run Procexp.exe (if not, you can go to the next one, this stuff is very useful and easy to use), then end the %Windows%\SMSS.EXE process, pay attention to the path. If it ends, SYSTEM's SMSS will restart. Of course, you can also use the ntsd command to shut down the ***ss.exe process in the task manager. Ending and preventing it from starting again is the key to manual removal of the SMSS.EXE virus. ROSE, etc. can directly end its process and then delete the files and change the registry. The SMSS virus cannot be removed without performing the first and second steps.

3. Next delete the following files: C:\MSCONFIG.SYS

The following file names will also appear in the registry. I forgot which ones they are, search them Either modify or delete, haha, by the way, there is also WOW. Search the registry to see if there are several?

%Windows%\1. (Did you find 3721.COM in your registry? Haha, you know how?)

%Windows%\ExERoute.exe %Windows %\explorer. %Windows%\finder.

%Windows%\ *** ss.exe %Windows%\Debug\DebugProgram.exe %System%\mand.pif

%System%\dxdiag. %System%\finder. %System%\MSCONFIG.COM

%System%\regedit. %System%\rundll32. %ProgramFiles%\Inter

Explorer\iexplore. %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\iexplore.pif %Program

Files%\sfx sofare\svchost.exe Other related Trojans》Trojan path: C:\WINDOWS\system32\s.exe< /p>

Trojan horse path: C:\WINDOWS\system32\s.dll Trojan horse path: C:\WINDOWS\system32\mand.pif

Trojan horse path: C:\WINDOWS\system32\MSCONFIG .COM Trojan horse path: C:\WINDOWS\system32\dxdiag.

Trojan horse path: C:\WINDOWS\system32\regedit.

Trojan horse path: C:\WINDOWS\system32\ drivers\CnsMinKP.sys Then go to the registry and delete the following key value:

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run] "Torjan

Program"=" %Windows%\ *** ss.exe"

(You can also search the registry directly, which is more secure and comprehensive) and modify [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon]< /p>

"shell"="Explorer.exe 1" is "shell"="Explorer.exe"

The following steps do not need to be performed, but it is best to scan them: respectively Find information about "mand.pif", "finder.", and "rundll32." and change "mand.pif", "finder.", and "rundll32." to "rundll32.exe"

Search "explorer." information, change "explorer." to "explorer.exe"

Find the information of "iexplore.", change "iexplore." to "iexplore.exe"

Find the information of "iexplore.pif" and change the found "%ProgramFiles%\Common

Files\iexplore.pif" to "%ProgramFiles%\Inter Explorer\iexplore.exe"

Some of them may not be found, it doesn’t matter, just find files with the same time and delete them (for example, the creation time of this Trojan is 2006-6-18

15:51 you can Search all files created on 6-18. Of course, the time must be the same, don’t delete the wrong ones.) If it is not found, it’s best, it means that it no longer exists. The sizes of SMSS.EXE virus-related files are all the same, which is 112K. Anyway, this is the size I have here, but other people on the Internet have written it differently than what I have written. At this point, you can use some repair software to restore the system, or of course you don’t have to repair it. Wait, you can't run the EXE file next. You have to open it when you open a video. Let's modify the registry: Don't enter something that cannot be opened during operation.

Method 1: Copy regedit.exe in the WINDOWS directory to the desktop and rename it regedit., then open regedit., find the following branch: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \exefile\shell\open\mand, double-click in the right window

(Default) value, set to "%1" %* [include quotation marks] Then find: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.exe Double-click the (default) value in the right window, set to

exefile and then exit the registry Editor, restart the computer. Method 2: Copy cmd.exe in the WINDOWS\system32 directory to the desktop and rename it cmd.

In the command line, execute the following commands in sequence: ftype exefile="%1" %* [Include quotation marks] (Press Enter) assoc .exe=exefile Restart the computer.

At this point, the SMSS.EXE virus has been successfully removed.

Finally, people on the Internet said that precautions should be taken: Create an SMSS.EXE file in the WINDOWS directory and set it to "read-only" so that it will not be infected with Trojans. This is purely a lie. The SMSS virus spreads by exploiting IE vulnerabilities. You may be infected by opening any web page. To prevent this virus, it is best to apply a patch.

1. Use anti-virus software to clear the virus processes k4mm.exe svch0st_.exe qqwb.exe InterExplorer.exe in the memory

*** ss.exe

2. Search for k4mm.exe svch0st_.exe *** ss.exe qqwb.exe

and other virus files in your computer and delete them manually, especially K4MM.exe and *** ss.exe

Current anti-virus software cannot identify these two files as viruses.

3. Search for the key value C:\winnt\***ss.exe in the registry. , delete all

If you don’t have anti-virus software, you have to boot into safe mode and clear it manually.

win2k and winxp users:

Find the shell key value under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows in the registry

NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon and modify it to Explorer.exe

win98 and winme users:

Find system.ini. In system.ini, check the following content:

shell=Explorer.exe< /p>

If not, modify it to the above content

Also check the run and runservice key values ??to see if there are corresponding startup items. How is the Golden Pig Announcement virus spread? ?

Yes, this virus is quite popular on the Internet now. It is a new variant of Panda Burning Incense!

This virus should attack your machine through an IE vulnerability!

Picture::imgnews.baidu./i?ct=520093696&z=0&tn=baiduimagenewsdetail&word=%BD%F0%D6%ED%B1%A8%CF%B2&in=2&cl=3&lm=-1&pn=1&rn=1 Virus in U disk How is it spread?

This depends on whether you have set it to run automatically. If you have not set it up, it is usually fine. Most of the transmission methods of U disk are audio, compression or pictures! How is Zika virus transmitted?

Mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti

1. Sources of infection and vectors

(1) Sources of infection: Patients, latent infections and non-human primates infected with Zika virus are possible sources of infection for the disease.

(2) Transmission medium: Aedes aegypti is the main transmission vector of Zika virus. Aedes albopictus, Aedes Africa, Aedes flavus and other mosquitoes of the genus Aedes may also transmit the virus.

According to monitoring, the Aedes mosquito species related to the transmission of Zika virus in my country are mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, of which Aedes aegypti is mainly distributed in Hainan Province, Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province Prefecture, Dehong Prefecture, Lincang City and other areas; Aedes albopictus is widely distributed in the vast areas south of Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi in my country.

2. Transmission routes

(1) Mosquito-borne transmission is the main transmission route of Zika virus. Mosquitoes become infected by biting a person infected with Zika virus, and then transmit the virus to other people through bites.

(2) Human-to-human transmission.

Mother-to-child transmission: Zika virus has been detected in the placenta of pregnant women, suggesting that Zika virus can be transmitted from mother to fetus through the placenta. In addition, pregnant women with Zika viremia may transmit Zika virus to their newborns during delivery. Zika virus nucleic acid has been detected in breast milk, but there are no reports of Zika virus infecting newborns through breastfeeding.

Blood-borne and sexual transmission: Zika virus can potentially be transmitted through blood transfusions or sexual contact. So far, one case each of possible transmission through blood transfusion and sexual contact has been reported.

Computer viruses are spread through what methods

Through data transmission. There are too many types. Their characteristics are concealment, transmission, and destructiveness.

(Your computer is not functioning properly. It may be caused by a virus)