Reflections on the first chapter of Psychology

? The history of psychology p1-16

This book is relatively thick and large. I have the courage to read this book, and I admire myself. I hope I can stick to it.

the first chapter mainly talks about the history of psychology: what is psychology? Early psychology, about the congenital and acquired controversy.

Before the 17th century in Europe, people who were considered to be outside the normal society were confined in institutions such as insane asylum, including the mentally ill, the disabled, criminals and vagrants.

The doctor will give them some medicines made of shrubs and herbs, and medicines to induce vomiting. Most patients are chained to the wall or trapped in tights.

In 1793, Pinel, a French doctor, stopped giving patients laxatives and bloodletting, and adopted the method of communicating with patients and allowing them to participate in a series of activities. Moral treatment began

York therapy, and suppression therapy was adopted. He believed that phlebotomy was an effective method to calm mental patients.

In the early 18th century, psychiatrist John Canori supported non-inhibitory therapy and encouraged doctors to write individual cases to record patients' psychological and social background.

John B. Watson, the father of behaviorism and an American psychologist, emphasized the importance of experience. Therefore, behaviorists try to explain all aspects of behavior in fact, whether it is human behavior or animal behavior. According to the law of learning, behaviorists put forward two modes: classical conditioned reflex and operational conditioned reflex.

Psychologist E.L. Thorndike put forward operant conditioning. He thinks that animals tend to repeat some behaviors with positive results, which he calls "effectiveness rate". According to the law, the rewarded behavior will appear repeatedly, while the punished behavior will gradually disappear. This kind of conditioned reflex is the main method used to train animal performance skills in acrobatic troupes or movies.

In teaching, we often see the application of the principle of conditioned reflex. For example, in kindergarten, when children behave well, the teacher will paste a smiling face or reward him with a small red flower.

Of course, with the increase of school age, this method is less and less suitable for senior students. Learning should be independent, not because of rewards.

There is no absolute answer to the heated debate between nature and nurture. Modern gene research pays attention to two important issues:

The first is the fundamental issue in Darwin's and Gao Erdun's research, and pays attention to the origin of differences.

the second is that behavioral geneticists try to reveal why there are differences between people, and what are the origins of these differences? Are they due to genetic differences between people or environmental differences?

I think genes have something to do with the environment.