The whole story of navy sending troops to Vladivostok in the Republic of China

The whole story of navy sending troops to Vladivostok in the Republic of China

This time, although it was to participate in the actions of the allies, it also showed the national prestige of the newly born Republic of China.

19 17 In August, the First World War drew to a close, and China Beiyang * * announced that it would give up its neutrality and join the allied forces led by Britain and France, declaring war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, the October Revolution broke out in Russia, which was also an ally, and announced its withdrawal from the war. 19 18, the allied forces led by Britain, France, the United States and Japan decided to organize 14 countries to intervene in Russia. Beiyang was also invited to send navy and army to Vladivostok to participate in the military intervention of the Allies in Russia.

After China declared his participation in the war, he set up a special operations department, which was personally commanded by the Prime Minister Duan. Duan expanded his strength in the name of participating in the war, and newly formed a border guard consisting of four divisions, all of which purchased equipment from Japan. In this invasion of Vladivostok, China sent a regiment of army troops, which were selected from Shi Wei, the most disciplined division in the frontier defense army, headed by Song.

The naval warship sent to Vladivostok was one of the two largest and best warships in Beiyang at that time. Cruiser

As early as 19 17 12, in view of the chaotic situation in the Russian Far East, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Beijing sent a secret letter to the Navy Department, inviting them to send warships to Vladivostok to protect overseas Chinese. At that time, the Admiralty replied that nothing had happened in Vladivostok at present, and it was not planned to send a ship. 1918 in March, Beijing the State Council decided to send warships to Vladivostok, and ordered Rao Huaiwen, commander-in-chief of the Shimonoseki Navy, to send two effective cruisers first. On April 5th, Beijing * * * officially confirmed the appointment at the request of the Consular Corps of Vladivostok countries? Hairong? 10 Cruiser went to Vladivostok.

? Hairong? This ship is a second-class cruiser, 1896 was ordered by the Qing Dynasty from Fuerkeng Factory in Germany to revitalize the navy after the Sino-Japanese War. In the meantime, what else? Seafood chips? 、? Haichen? Two boats. Three ships of the same type, captain 95. 7 meters, width 12. 4 meters, draft 5. 8 meters, displacement 2950 tons, horsepower 7500, speed 19. The ship is equipped with three Krupp 1 50mm naval guns, eight Ke105mm naval guns, two Ke 60mm naval guns, four Hakka 37mm naval guns, five Ma Keqin 8mm machine guns,1torpedo tubes, 580 tons of coal, 270 tons of fresh water and 263 officers and men. The cost of each warship is 16. Thirty thousand pounds

1898 may 14,? Hairong? The ship was escorted by Germany and returned home early. After more than two months' voyage, it arrived in Dagu on July 27th, becoming the first main warship ordered to come to China after the Sino-Japanese War. Two other warships? Seafood chips? Number and? Haichen? Arrived in Dagu Lake at the end of August and September respectively.

? Hairong? The ship has been sent overseas for many times to perform tasks. 1907? Hairong? Ship and? Seafood chips? Sailing to Nanyang, visiting Saigon, Singapore and other places, and expressing condolences to local overseas Chinese, is a grand event that has not been seen for many years. That year, 10 month, Hairong? Ship and? Haicang? The ship once again went to Nanyang to inspect its business and express condolences to overseas Chinese. He has been to the British Philippines, French Saigon, Bangkok, Thailand, Batavia, Sambucco, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Solo, Brunei, British Singapore, Penang, Perak and other ports in nearby Sumatra, and has been warmly welcomed by local overseas Chinese. Since then, Qing * * * decided to send warships to Nanyang every year to express condolences to overseas Chinese and declare national prestige. 1909? Hairong? Ship and? Haicang? The ship went to Nanyang as planned and arrived in Singapore, Batavia, Sambucong, Surabaya, Barikun, Yogyakarta, Makassar, Saigon and other ports for 2 months.

Although? Hairong? The ship has many overseas sailing experiences, but it is the first time to go abroad to participate in multinational joint military operations. Inexperienced and pressed for time, the preparations are very hectic. ? Hairong? The ship submitted a detailed report to the Ministry of War, listing all the requirements for carrying out this mission, including the personnel on board, winter equipment, materials, salary and clothing. Please add. Admiralty approved it in principle, for? Hairong? More than 20 officers and men were added to the ship and all kinds of urgently needed materials were prepared. then what Hairong? The ship docked in Shanghai to survey the seabed, overhaul the machine and prepare for sailing.

1965438+April 9, 2008, Hai Rong? The ship, under the command of captain Lin, set sail from Shanghai for Vladivostok. Lin, whose real name is Zeng Rong, 1874, is from Changle, Fujian. 1896 graduated from Jiangnan naval academy in Jiangning (Nanjing) and served as captain of torpedo boats and cruisers. Chen Nan? Captain of USS cruiser, promoted? Hairong? Captain.

? Hairong? After the ship set out, journey to the south. When traveling to Juwen Port in Jeju Island, North Korea, I stopped for one night and had a short rest. Then, after a four-day voyage across Ma Haixia, it finally arrived in Vladivostok on 17.

? Hairong? After arriving in Vladivostok, the ship anchored at the central pier of the port. The Consul General of China in Vladivostok and the General Chamber of Commerce of China sent personnel to board the ship and extended a warm welcome to the arrival of the motherland's warships. At that time, there were no Russian ships in Vladivostok port, but British, American and Japanese warships were moored, and the whole port was occupied by Coalition forces. ? Hairong? After the ship arrived, Captain Lin paid a visit to the naval commander of the Allied countries for communication.

Vladivostok was originally the territory of China. 1860 It was seized by Russia during the Second Opium War and renamed Vladivostok. 1862, Russia transformed Vladivostok into a military port, which can berth many ships of more than 10,000 tons. Vladivostok is a natural harbor, and there is no reef at the bottom of the harbor, so the navigation is unimpeded. The climate is pleasant in summer, but it will freeze in winter, and the time is about 165438+ 10 to February of the following year. The harbor is covered with hard ice, and even carriages can travel on it.

China has a Consulate General in Vladivostok, as well as a non-governmental organization, the China General Chamber of Commerce. There are more than 20,000 local overseas Chinese, all from Shandong, and the Consul General and the President of the Chamber of Commerce are also from Shandong. Most overseas Chinese come to Vladivostok every spring to make a living and return to China when it freezes in winter. Overseas Chinese living in Vladivostok for a long time mainly live in China Street, and make a living by opening shops and doing small businesses. They get along well with Russians, and some even marry Russian daughters-in-law. The market in Zhonghua Street is exactly the same as that in Shandong. There are Shandong Hotel and two theaters, Tan Gui and Yingzhou. Most of the actors are from Beijing and Tianjin, and their performances are very popular among overseas Chinese.

? Hairong? When the ship arrived, Vladivostok was basically empty, and only a few Russian policemen stood guard on the street. In order to maintain public order, the allied troops set up a public order command, which was commanded by a major of the US Army. Warships of various countries send 12 sailors to patrol in turn every day to maintain public order with the Belarusian police.

? Hairong? In addition to participating in joint operations, the officers and men of the ship also actively cooperated with relevant local institutions in China to protect the interests of overseas Chinese and were praised by them.

Soon, armies from various countries also entered the Russian Far East. Japan, close to Russia, tried to occupy Siberia in Russia for a long time, sending the largest number of troops and several divisions. As a result, General Otani of Japan was elected as the commander-in-chief of the allied forces, and the headquarters was located in Vladivostok Business School.

After the Chinese army troops arrived in the Russian Far East, only one company was stationed in Vladivostok, and the rest were stationed in five stations on the Sino-Russian border and Shuangchengzi.

According to Beiyang's orders, China's troops stationed in Vladivostok were under the command of the navy. But? Hairong? Lin, the captain of this ship, is only a naval colonel, and his qualifications are not enough to command the army. Not only that, because of Lin's low rank, his contacts with navies of various countries are also very inconvenient. After the negotiation between the Admiralty and the Beiyang Warfare Department, President Feng issued an order on August 3, taking Lin as the representative of the navy to take full command of China's Lu Haijun in Vladivostok. Subsequently, the army and navy personnel were transferred and the office was established as an office. Lin is the supreme commander, while the chief of staff stays in France. The office is also called? On behalf of the general? Directly under the War Department. On the 9th, Lin officially raised the national flag in Vladivostok and took office. ? On behalf of the general? Located near Zhonghua Street, by? Hairong? Twenty sailors on board served as guards. The Admiralty also specially sent three China officials, including Colonel Zhou, to Vladivostok to assist Lin in handling relevant diplomatic matters.

? Hairong? During its stay in Russia, the ship did not take part in the battle, or even hardly sailed, and stayed motionless in the harbor most of the time. Over time, a large number of shellfish were adsorbed on the bottom of the ship. If it is allowed to spread, it may lead to the blockage of the water inlet pipe and the failure of the machine, which must be cleaned in time. So, in May of 19 19, the Navy General Command ordered the transfer? Hairong? The ship returned to China and docked to investigate the seabed. Meanwhile, life? Hairong? One's sister ship, Haichou? Cruiser, go to Vladivostok for a change.

? Seafood chips? The ship was stationed in Vladivostok for only a few months, but it could not survive the winter because of a boiler leak and needed to go back to China for maintenance. So, the navy headquarters sent it back to Xiamen? Hairong? The ship went to take over.

65438+1October 20th,? Hairong? The ship, carrying ordnance and 40 officers and men needed for the defense of the Northeast River, set out from Shanghai and went to Vladivostok again, where it spent another cold winter.

The weather in Vladivostok is very cold, and warships can sometimes freeze two to three feet thick a day. Because there is no deicing equipment, they have to break the ice with wooden sticks twice every morning and evening, otherwise the ship will be in danger. Before freezing, the water tanks and water pipes of warships were tightly wrapped with felt to avoid being frozen.

During the garrison in Vladivostok, China warships also encountered many supply difficulties. The fuel of warships is coal. Because it can't be shipped from China, it can only be bought locally. The price is expensive, the quality is poor, and a large amount of cinder is produced, which is very laborious to clean up. The required wages are shipped from China by Russian ships and are generally guaranteed. In terms of fresh water supply, due to? Hairong? The ship is an old cruiser and has no homemade fresh water equipment. Usually, water is delivered by local water boats, but in winter, the water boats can't run, so we can only save the water on board, restrict washing, washing and drinking, and ensure the water for boiler heating. Vegetables, meat and other non-staple foods are usually purchased locally, but there is no local supply in winter. Residents rely entirely on frozen meat and vegetables transported by train from Europe two or three times a week, which are often snapped up as soon as the train arrives, so it is often difficult to guarantee the supply on board.

1920 In the spring, the armies of various countries stationed in Vladivostok held a sports meeting sponsored by the US military. Hairong? Ship officers and soldiers were invited to participate. Because it is the first time to participate in an international competition, which is related to the honor of the country and the army, our officers and men attach great importance to it and take the time to train. On behalf of General Lin, he specially called the General Command of the Navy and hired an experienced PE teacher from China to guide the training in Vladivostok. In the end, the China Navy team won the second place in the total score, and also won several individual championships such as hurdles, tug-of-war and pole vault. The sports meeting was made into a documentary and shown in China. The photo of Liebingtian winning the hurdles championship was also published in the famous Oriental Magazine, which had a good influence.

Allied headquarters also organized a military parade, and a company of China troops stationed in Vladivostok? Hairong? Sixty sailors on board took part in the activity. After some training and careful preparation, the performances of China navy and army were well received, and the local overseas Chinese were very excited and proud to see the good state of China army.

With the gradual end of the war, countries began to withdraw their troops from Vladivostok. 1June, 920, Lin was ordered to cancel the word "suppressing the army" and still stationed in Vladivostok in the name of acting general. Soon after, he canceled the land office and moved to Vladivostok. Hairong? Boat.

10, Beiyang * * * officially cancelled the representative office in Vladivostok, but what happened? Hairong? The ship temporarily stopped in Vladivostok to protect overseas Chinese businessmen. Soon, the navy was transferred? Yongjian? 10 gunboat to Vladivostok, take over? Hairong? This ship carries out the task of protecting overseas Chinese. ? Yongjian? The gunboat was built by Jiangnan Shipyard in 19 14, with a displacement of only 860 tons and a speed of 13. 5 knots.

? Hairong? The ship returned to Shanghai in June165438+1October, ending its overseas stationing for more than two years. ? Hairong? After the ship returned to China, the officers and men on board were given a two-month vacation because they had been stationed overseas for a long time. Lin was awarded a medal by Beiyang for his good command and dispatch. Later, the commander of the First Fleet in Ren Haijun, Lin Sheng, finally became the chief of the navy and the supreme head of the navy at that time. ? Hairong? Number and? Seafood chips? Because of their age, these two cruisers sank near Jiangyin on September 25th. 1937 was used to block the Yangtze River waterway and prevent Japanese troops from invading Nanjing along the Yangtze River.

? Yongjian? During the stationing of gunboat 1 in Vladivostok, Russian bandits blackmailed overseas Chinese businessmen stationed in Vladivostok in June +0920+February, 5438, disturbing public order and even beating China sailors. Captain Wang Shouting received the report and immediately made representations to China through the Russian consul in Vladivostok. In June 5438+the following year 10, another serious incident occurred in Miaojie where Russian police shot and killed China sailors. Wang Shouting made solemn representations to the Russian Police Department and telegraphed the Navy Department, asking the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to handle it through diplomatic channels.

Soon? Yongjian? The gunboats were ordered to return home, and China's naval garrison in Vladivostok came to an end. What happened afterwards? Yongjian? The gunboat was sunk by a Japanese plane in the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, becoming the first China warship sunk in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Article source: Wen Shi Tian DiNo. 160

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Author: wang hong