Following the westward migration of Zhejiang University to Ji 'an and Taihe, Jiangxi Province

On December 24th, the day when Hangzhou fell, Zhejiang University began to leave Jiande, and the teachers and students embarked on an extremely difficult journey to Jiangxi.

The relocation of Zhejiang University from Jiande to Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province is not as hasty and hectic as when it left Hangzhou, but more organized and orderly. The students are divided into several teams, each led by one or two tutors. There are reception stations in Lanxi, Jinhua, Changshan, Yushan, Nanchang, Zhangshu and Ji 'an. Students, faculty and their families boarded a civilian boat in Jiande in three batches in turn. After arriving in Lanxi, some walked, some changed to boats and went back to Meixi to Jinhua.

On December 26th, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province was bombed by three Japanese heavy bombers, leaving scars all over the city. Fortunately, a large number of teachers and students of Zhejiang University were not harmed, but they survived. President Zhu arrived in Jinhua the next day, and was also bombed by Japanese planes. The impact point was not far from where he was, but fortunately he was not injured. Jinhua was bombed by the Japanese aggressors, and in an instant, the market was prosperous and the residents fled. The news that the Japanese invading army had crossed the river and pointed directly at Jinhua spread like wildfire, which made people panic all day long. At this time, due to the military movement in zhejiang-jiangxi railway, the vans have stopped, and the people are fleeing like a flood. Therefore, most of the staff and students in Zhejiang had to gather in several temporary places in Jinhua. Many people have been on an empty stomach for a long time because firewood and rice are rare. The walls are depressed, hungry, it's cold winter, and I sit frozen all night. Under this circumstance, the teachers and students of Zhejiang University have not been depressed, but have strengthened their determination to persist in their struggle. Some of them have negotiated the attachment of personnel carriers, some have stepped on the railway, and some have climbed onto coal cars, convertible cars, refugee cars and personnel carriers to the west, braving the wind and rain and suffering from hunger and cold. It often takes six or seven days for those who are attached to the chariot to reach Nanchang. When some teachers and students who were still in Jiande heard that Jinhua had been bombed, they had to take the boat back to Quxian, transfer to Changshan, and then try to go to Jiangxi. After many twists and turns, these teachers and students arrived in Yushan in batches by car.

Yushan, Jiangxi, was the seat of the General Administration of zhejiang-jiangxi railway at that time. All the staff of Zhejiang University, whether by car, boat or on foot, came one after another and finally gathered safely in Yushan. However, there are more than 7 boxes of books and instruments and more than 3 civilian ships, but they are moored on the river not far west of Jinhua Railway Station. At such a critical moment, the teachers and workers of Zhejiang University who were in charge of escort ran around trying to find a way, and packed the articles on the personnel carriers, coal cars and trucks themselves. It was not until the night of January 6, 1938 that all the stranded school products were transported away from Jinhua, which was in disorder, and arrived in Yushan, Jiangxi.

However, it was difficult to find a train wagon to transport teachers and students of Zhejiang University to Zhangshu Town near Ji 'an. Therefore, Zhu Kezhen stayed in Yushan for eleven days from December 28th, 1937, and traveled around Yushan with intermittent light snow and strong north wind, asking people to intercede and contacting vehicles. It was not until January 7th that the Railway Bureau agreed to pull out more than 1 wagons for use by Zhejiang University. In fact, two days later, a low-hook locomotive was finally contacted in Guixi before the teachers, students and books of Zhejiang University were transported to Zhangshu Town, Jiangxi Province. And the other teachers and students on a bus, but I don't know where they are. After repeated inquiries by President Zhu, I found out that the car was left in xiang tang, a country in Jiangxi. These teachers and students had a hard time for a week before they arrived in Zhangshu Town.

from December 24th, 1937 to January 2th of the following year, teachers and students of Zhejiang University set out from Jiande, Zhejiang Province, passed through Jinhua, Yushan and Zhangshu, and arrived in Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province, with a journey of 752km, with an average advance of 3km every day. They suffered from fright, wind and frost, endured tests and exercises, and fortunately, they arrived at their destination safely. The destination of this school relocation is Taihe. Due to the rapid development of the war situation, Zhejiang University moved out of Jiande ahead of schedule, and Taihe's house was too late to be ready. However, two schools in Ji 'an were on winter vacation, and their houses were empty, so they were borrowed as temporary shelters for Zhejiang University.

Ji' an is in the middle of Jiangxi, which is located at the confluence of the Ganjiang River and its tributaries. This is the hometown of Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer in Song Dynasty, and Wen Tianxiang, a national hero. China's first rural revolutionary base was established in Jinggangshan, Ji 'an area.

after Zhejiang university moved to Ji' an, the teaching staff lived in rural normal schools, their families rented some local residents' houses, and all the students lived in Ji' an middle school on Bailuzhou. In order not to neglect their studies, during the winter vacation, the rural normal school and Ji 'an Middle School were used, and the school decided to borrow a house for temporary classes to end the semester. Because there are some ready-made equipment in Ji' an Middle School, it doesn't take much effort, so this is more convenient. Students attend classes for two weeks, then take the final exam, and then rest for a week, then prepare to travel 4 kilometers south and go deep into Taihe countryside.

in mid-February, the winter vacation of Ji' an middle school and rural normal school has expired, and the teachers and students of Zhejiang University moved to Taihe by waterway (Ganjiang) and land (Ganyue National Road) on February 18th. Shortly after Zhejiang University left, Bailuzhou was bombed by Japanese aggressors. Taihe, also known as Baixia, crosses the Ganjiang River from south to north, and the Ganyue National Road runs along the river. The temporary campus of Zhejiang University is located in the west of Taihe City. 5 kilometers of Ueda village. In ancient times, there were two academies in the village, namely, Dayuan Academy (also known as Qianqiu Academy) and Huayang Academy, and there were also interesting gardens and distant view halls (namely, the library building). When students came from a long distance to study, their style of writing was as strong as that of Bailuzhou Academy. After the teachers and students of Zhejiang University arrived in Taihe, they settled down for a while, then continued their teaching and scientific research did not stop. Students get up at dawn, and under the sunrise, they are all over the mountains and read silently. The day is not enough, and after the night lights, I am immersed in hard work. In order to make up for the impact during the relocation period, the courses and experiments of various colleges have increased than before. Working hours and study hours are consciously extended, regardless of faculty and students. The tutorial system, which began in Tianmu Mountain, continues to be implemented here, and teachers and students learn from each other and have a closer relationship. The general situation is so chaotic and urgent, but the small environment here is so orderly, which is rare in domestic universities during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, the Ministry of Education sent people to inspect all parts of the country, thinking that Zhejiang University was the best one among all the universities that moved westward in terms of teaching order and teaching quality.

During the Taihe period, due to the war and lack of materials, the families of teachers and students in Zhejiang University had a very hard life. President Zhu Kezhen is honest and frugal, dedicated to the public, neglecting personal interests, and he is an example everywhere. He is too busy to take care of his family, even his wife Zhang Xiahun and his second son Zhu Heng are seriously ill with malaria. Due to the lack of medical technology and medicines, President Zhu's wife and his second son Zhu Heng died in Taihe successively.

However, teachers and students have not forgotten the outside world, and they have never forgotten the war of resistance when studying. Because there were no daily newspapers in Jiande, Taihe and other places where Zhejiang University moved, other newspapers could not be seen in time, and the news was blocked. In order to change this situation, Zhejiang University organized an information committee and published Zhejiang University Daily from Jiande. Use your own radio to listen to and record news at night, and extract them. First, post them in the form of wall newspaper, and then print more than 2 issues in Jiande. After arriving in Taihe, there was no condition for printing, so they were printed in mimeograph instead. From 9: p.m. every day to 9: a.m. the next day, the work-study students (work-study students, then called work-study students) and the staff listened and recorded, compiled at 1: a.m., then printed, distributed around 12: , and sold by the work-study students on the streets, which was very popular among the local people. In addition to news at home and abroad, the content also includes news, essays and newsletters.

Teachers and students of Zhejiang University have also carried out national salvation propaganda for many times, and performed dramas such as Lugou Bridge, The End of the Traitor, Descendants of the Chinese Nation, etc. Villagers from more than ten miles away came to watch. Zhejiang university students also went to Taihe, Ji' an and even Ganzhou to promote performances and raise donations for rescuing wounded soldiers; Professor Zhejiang University organized a front-line consolation team to go to Han and transfer to the front line to save his meals as a donation. As far as the impact is concerned, primary school students also responded enthusiastically. The common enemy's spirit stirred up all parts of the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River for a while.

Teachers and students of Zhejiang University are very enthusiastic about anti-Japanese activities. If the Student Self-government Association initiated the donation of cotton vests to the soldiers in front, Zhu Kezhen ordered to pull out two houses as sewing places, and took the lead in donating them for the production expenses. He often went to the production workshop with his wife to encourage him, and his wife Zhang Xiahun went to the scene for guidance more often. Later, the Student Self-government Association launched a fund-raising activity, and Mr. and Mrs. Zhu Kezhen took the lead in donating their wedding rings. His wife, Zhang Xiahun, also initiated a week-long commemoration of the July 7th Lugouqiao Anti-Japanese War on July 7th, 1938, and personally wrote an article to commemorate it.

During their stay in Taihe, teachers and students of Zhejiang University did three good things for the local people: building flood control levees, establishing Chengjiang School, and helping to open up a sand village reclamation field.

building flood control levees is an urgent matter beneficial to people's livelihood. Because the mainstream of Ganjiang River passes through, most of the banks are plains, with siltation, which overflows almost every year when it rains heavily in summer. In the corner of the building wall of Shangtian Village, the past water marks can be seen. Although the local people have repeatedly suffered from water disasters, they are used to it because they are unable to prevent them. When Zhejiang University came to understand this situation, it discussed with Jiangxi Water Conservancy Bureau and Taihe County Government and decided to build a flood dike, with local money and Zhejiang University responsible for all technical work. Therefore, a dike engineering committee was formed, and President Zhu was elected as the chairman. Under the guidance of teachers, the work-study students from the civil engineering department of Zhejiang University measured the water level and lifted the foundation. Construction started at the end of April and was completed by the end of June, which lasted for two months. The levee starts from Taihe County in the east and ends at Liangjiacun in the west, with a total length of 7? 5 kilometers, all earthwork, culverts, sluices and other projects have been completed as scheduled, and the number of dike workers has increased to 8 at most. Although the year coincided with less rainfall, there was no flood; In the second year, there was a flood, and the local people were not harmed by the flood, which was all attributed to the worship of Zhejiang University. Since then, the area around Shangtian Village has not been flooded again. After the founding of New China, the government organized migrant workers to reinforce dikes many times, but the local people, especially the elderly, still praised the flood control dike built by Zhejiang University teachers and students during the Anti-Japanese War. There is also a wharf on the riverside, which was called Zhejiang University Wharf at that time. This name has been extended to this day, and it is also a permanent and beautiful commemoration of Zhejiang University's stay in Taihe.

Establish Chengjiang School (the section of Ganjiang River that flows through Taihe, also known as Chengjiang). Zhejiang University elected four professors to form a school board, and college students who are enthusiastic about teaching also serve as teachers, which changed the situation of low level of teachers and lack of equipment in rural primary schools, and made rural children and the children of Zhejiang University staff who were moving get a better education.

help to open up a reclamation farm in Shacun village. By 1938, the bonfire in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression had forced many people in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui to be displaced, and some refugees came to Jiangxi, so Zhejiang University and Jiangxi provincial government negotiated to jointly organize a reclamation field to solve the living and livelihood problems of some people. There are more than 6 mu of barren land in Gaolong area near Shacun, and a demonstration reclamation field in Shacun has been established, which was demarcated, mapped and planned by the civil engineering students of Zhejiang University, and was presided over by the Agricultural College. Two Zhejiang University graduates gave specific guidance, and 14 war zone refugees were resettled and cultivated, and collectively operated. Even if the refugees' lives were settled, the cause of land reclamation was promoted. President Zhu is also very concerned about the decline of rural areas and the sharp decline of population in Taihe County. He specially entrusted two graduates working in the reclamation field to investigate some villages in 11 counties and districts in Ji 'an area. They walked for three months and obtained a lot of information and materials about local villages.

Zhejiang University has also done a good thing of great significance, which is conducive to preserving the national cultural treasures and avoiding the disaster of war, that is, assisting Zhejiang Province to carry the Si Ku Quan Shu of Wenlange to a safe place. At that time, * * * copied seven books of Siku Quanshu compiled during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, three of which had already been destroyed, and the two books originally in Jehol and Fengtian had fallen into enemy hands after the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War. The remaining two books, one originally in Wenyuan Pavilion of the Forbidden City in Beijing, have been moved to Sichuan, and the other in Wenlan Pavilion of Hangzhou, with more than 36, copies, was published in August? Before the Anti-Japanese War in 13 battles in Shanghai, it was packed into 14 boxes by Zhejiang Library and transported to Fuyang countryside for storage. After the Japanese army advanced, the provincial library wanted to transport it to Jiande, but the province did not send funds. Zhu Kezhen immediately sent a school bus to help transport it to Jiande. Later, the provincial library transported it to Longquan countryside. After Zhejiang University moved to Jiangxi, President Zhu was worried about the safety of Sikuquanshu and thought it was not safe in Longquan. He specially called the Ministry of Education, pointing out that Sikuquanshu should be moved to the mainland as soon as possible, and said that Zhejiang University was willing to send someone to help. The Ministry of Education wired back to agree with President Zhu's opinion and prepared to move to Guiyang, asking Zhejiang University to assist in the relocation. President Zhu sent a teacher back to Zhejiang to discuss with the relevant departments. After many twists and turns, he finally left the province with the Zhejiang Library, passing through five provinces, with a journey of more than 2,5 kilometers, and all of them were safely transported to the basement cave near Guiyang for storage. After Zhejiang University moved to Guizhou, President Zhu visited the underground cave several times to learn about the situation and put forward suggestions for improvement in the storage work, so that this cultural treasure could safely survive the anti-Japanese war and be transported back to Hangzhou after the war.

On June 26th, 1938, a group of graduates from Zhejiang University were about to enter the society. This is also the first batch of graduates of Zhejiang University in the Anti-Japanese War. At the graduation ceremony held on the same day, President Zhu delivered a philosophical and passionate lecture on the understanding and efforts that college graduates should have. He encouraged students to be new day by day, and to take the world as their own responsibility, so that China can become an immortal nation. He hoped that the students would not seek high status, high remuneration, remoteness and hardship of the place, and do whatever we should do. At the end of the lecture, President Zhu said: Now the responsibility of saving the country is on you. I hope everyone can take it.

On the way to the west, some students were filled with grief and indignation and went to the front to kill the Japanese aggressors. Zhu Kezhen spoke highly of his classmates' patriotic enthusiasm, and taught them the story of Zhao's orphan in the Warring States Period: at present, young people have two ways to serve their country when facing the enemy. One is to go to the front to kill the enemy, which requires courage and courage, as Cheng Ying did; First, study hard at school, and then engage in construction work, which requires perseverance and perseverance, as Gongsun Chujiu did. President Zhu's speech is an encouragement and spur to the students.