What are the famous cultural relics in Egypt?

Located in Tahrir Square in the center of Cairo, the Egyptian Museum opened at 1902. It is the most famous and largest museum of ancient Egyptian cultural relics in the world.

The museum has a collection of 250,000 historical relics from the pharaoh era in ancient Egypt to 5,000 years ago in the 6th century, most of which have a history of more than 3,000 years.

The museum is divided into two floors, and the exhibits are displayed in dozens of exhibition halls in chronological order.

Many cultural relics in the museum, such as the giant stone statue of Pharaoh, palace treasures made of pure gold, a large number of mummies, and Tutankhamun's 242-pound pure gold mask and coffin, are amazing in their exquisite workmanship.

2. Pyramid

96 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt, the largest of which is located in Giza, a suburb of Cairo.

The pyramids are tombs built by the kings of ancient Egypt for themselves.

The Great Pyramid is the tomb of Khufu, the second king of the fourth dynasty. It was built around 2690 BC and its original height was 146.5 meters. Due to years of weathering, its top has peeled off10m, and now its height is136.5m.. Each side of the base is more than 230 meters long, the slope of the triangular surface is 5 1 degree, and the bottom area of the tower is 52,900 square meters. The tower consists of 2.3 million stones, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons.

It is said that it took 65438+ ten thousand people 20 years to build it.

The passage inside the pyramid is open to the outside world. The paragraphs are exquisitely designed and calculated, which is amazing.

The second pyramid is the tomb of King Havra, son of Khufu. It was built in 2650 BC, 3 meters lower than the former, but the architectural form is more perfect and spectacular. There are temples and other ancillary buildings and the famous Sphinx in front of the tower.

The Sphinx refers to Ha Fula. The Sphinx looks like a lion, 22 meters high and 57 meters long. One ear of the statue is 2 meters high.

Except for the lion's claws, the whole statue is carved from natural rocks.

Because the stone is loose, it has gone through more than 4000 years, and the whole statue has been severely weathered.

In addition, the face was severely damaged. Some people say that Ma Mruck used it as a target to practice shooting, while others said that it was a trace left by the shelling when Napoleon invaded Egypt in the18th century.

The third pyramid belongs to King Koala, the grandson of Khufu, and was built around 2600 BC.

At that time, it was the decline of the fourth dynasty, and pyramid architecture began to decline.

The height of the Menkoala pyramid suddenly dropped to 66 meters, and the internal structure was chaotic.

There is a famous Sun Boat Museum in the south of pyramid of khufu. Khufu's son used a solar boat to transport Khufu's mummy to the pyramid for burial, then took the boat apart and buried it underground.

The museum was built on the site unearthed by the sun boat.

The hull is made of pure wood structure and tied with ropes.

3. Nile

The Nile originates from the Ethiopian Plateau and flows through Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Zaire, Sudan and Egypt, with a total length of 6,700 kilometers. It is the largest river in Africa and the second longest river in the world, with a navigable water area of about 3,000 kilometers.

There are two rivers on the Nile, which come from the mountainous area of Burundi in the west and flow northward through Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa. It is called the White Nile. The east source comes from Lake Tana in the Ethiopian Plateau, which is called the Blue Nile.

The Blue Nile and the White Nile meet in Khartoum, Sudan, and then flow into Egypt.

The Nile valley and delta are the cradle of Egyptian culture and one of the cradles of world culture.

The length of the Nile in Egypt is 1530 km, and a valley with a width of 3- 16 km is formed on both banks. After arriving in Cairo, it divides into two tributaries and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

These two tributaries alluvial to form the Nile Delta, covering an area of 24,000 square kilometers. This is the most densely populated and fertile area in Egypt, with a population of 96% and cultivated land accounting for two-thirds of the country's cultivated land.

Almost all the water in Egypt comes from the Nile.

According to the agreement signed by nine countries in the Nile valley, Egypt enjoys an annual share of 55.5 billion cubic meters of river water.

There are many cruise ships on the Nile River in Cairo. Among them, it is also called Pharaoh's ship, which was built after the Pharaoh's period. In the evening, you can row a boat on the river, visit the beautiful scenery on both sides, and watch the famous oriental dance performance on the boat.

4. Sakala Pyramid

The Sakala Pyramid is located 30 kilometers south of Cairo, on the desert outside the oasis edge of the West Nile Valley, and consists of several pyramids.

One of the most famous is the stepped pyramid, which is the tomb of Zuo Saier, the king of the third dynasty in ancient Egypt. It was built around 2700 BC.

This pyramid is the oldest existing pyramid in Egypt and the earliest stone tomb in the world.

The pyramid is a six-story stepped tower, about 60 meters high.

There are many tombs of nobles and ministers near the pyramids, among which a large number of exquisite relief murals vividly depict the working and living scenes of ancient Egyptians.

In addition, the nearby sacred cow tomb is also famous.

5. Ancient Castle

Built in 1 176, it was built for Saladin, king of Ayub dynasty, to protect Cairo from the crusaders.

* * * Ali * * Temple is built in the city.

There is an Egyptian military museum in the ancient castle, which displays the weapons and equipment, clothing, famous war cases, fortifications, objects, imitations, models and pictures of the Egyptian army in various historical periods.

* * * Ali * * Temple was built in 1830, 1246.

The whole building has the architectural style of Abbasid dynasty.

* * * Ali (1769- 1849), an Albanian, became the ruler of Egypt in 1805.

The towering Ali Temple was built on the top of the hill in the north of Cairo. The worship hall is square, centered on the towering dome, surrounded by four semi-circular halls corresponding to the main hall, in which four high columns live.

There is a bathroom in the middle of the west side of the temple, which is used for cleaning during the sacrifice.

There are four chains around the bathroom.

* * * Temple is in the middle of the bathroom, and the outer wall is inlaid with snowflake stone tiles, so it is also called snowflake stone * * * Temple.

6.khan. Hariri market

Located in the center of Cairo (the old city), it consists of thousands of individual shops distributed in dozens of small streets and alleys, many of which can be traced back to14th century.

The market road is narrow, and the streets are crowded with small shops, mainly selling traditional Egyptian handicrafts such as gold and silver jewelry, copper plates, stone carvings and leather goods. They are very popular with foreign tourists because of their antique storefronts and complete products.

This used to be the graveyard of three generations of Fatham descendants. /kloc-In the 4th century, the Egyptian ruler Khan Hariri ordered the demolition of the cemetery on the grounds that Fatme was an apostate and had no right to build a cemetery, and invested in building a market here, namely the Khan Hariri Market.

Now, it has become a symbol of Cairo's ancient culture and oriental color, attracting tourists from all over the world.

Next to the market are the famous Azhar Temple and Hussein Temple.

7. Pharaoh village

Located on an island on the Nile River in Cairo, it covers an area of about 200 mu. It was built in 1984 by Dr. Hassan Radzab, the first Egyptian ambassador to China, after discovering the papyrus papermaking technology that had been lost for thousands of years.

A large number of papyrus are planted in the village, and workshops make papyrus and draw papyrus paintings by traditional methods.

There are temples, manors, farmers and other buildings in Pharaoh's village, and people wearing ancient costumes demonstrate the scenes of production, home and religious ceremonies at that time, showing the economic and social life of ancient Egyptians thousands of years ago.

There are models of the famous Pharaoh Tutankhamun's mausoleum and pyramid construction method, as well as photo studios, restaurants and shops.

Alexander

Located in the west of the Nile Delta, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 100 square kilometers and a population of 3.05 million, it is the second largest city in Egypt and Africa, and the largest port in Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean.

The city was founded in 332 BC, and it was named after the occupation of Egypt by Alexander the Great, the Greek Macedonian king. In ancient and medieval times, it was a famous city. It used to be the political, economic, cultural and trade center along the Mediterranean coast, with many places of interest.

With beautiful scenery and pleasant climate, Alexandria is Egypt's "summer capital" and summer resort, and is known as the "Mediterranean bride".

At present, one third of China's cotton textile, auto repair, petroleum refining and shipbuilding industries are the big markets for Egyptian cotton trade, and 80 ~ 90% of the country's import and export materials are handled through its western ports.

Its main attraction lies in:

1, Summer Palace

That is, the Montasa Palace, located in the east of the city, covers an area of 155.4 hectares and is surrounded by forests. This is a unique garden.

1952 used to be a royal summer resort, but now the seaside is open to tourists and anglers.

There is King Farouk's Palace (now the Egyptian State Guesthouse) in the park.

This Turkish-Florentine building, built by Khedive Abbas II at the turn of the century, is a royal summer resort.

This palace is closed to the public. When looking at its appearance, we must pay attention to the frequent theme letter F.

It is said that a man with good news told King Fuad that the letter F would bring good luck to his family. Since then, he and his son Farouk have named their descendants with the letter F. ..

195 1 year, Farouk married nariman without changing his name. 1952, 1, their son was born. He named him Ahmed Fuaad, with the letter F in the second place. Six months later, Farouk was deposed.

2. Kataba Castle

Alexander lighthouse, formerly known as one of the seven wonders of the world.

The lighthouse was built in 280 BC, and the tower is about 135 meters high. After several earthquakes, it was completely destroyed on 1435.

1480, a castle was built on the original site with its stones, named after King Kataba.

1966 was changed to Egyptian maritime museum, which contained models, murals and oil paintings. It was exhibited and introduced the history of shipbuilding and navigation in Egypt from the grass boat 10 thousand years ago.

Together with Cairo's castles, it is called the two medieval castles in Egypt.

3. Yacht freedom

It is the oldest royal yacht that can still be used in the world. Built by British shipbuilding company in 1865, it is 41foot long and 42 feet wide, with a displacement of 34 17 tons and a speed of 16 nautical miles.

This ship was originally for the private use of the Egyptian royal family. 1868 Go to Europe to pick up European heads of state to attend the Suez Canal international navigation ceremony. This is the first ship to enter the Suez Canal from the north.

1952 was renamed "Freedom" and now belongs to the Egyptian Navy to show its ship maintenance level.

4. Treasure Hall

Originally the residence of the ancient princess fatemi, 1986 was changed to the * * * Ali dynasty treasure hall, displaying crowns and jewels.

5. Condika

Among the archaeological sites in the center of Alexandria, a Roman Opera House (a theater for music performances) and a large 3rd century Roman bathroom were found.

Streets and shops in Ptolemaic era were gradually excavated, and stone pillars and arches were exposed to the ground.

Ruins make people realize the coverage of ancient cities-if they are all excavated, modern cities will have to be demolished.

Address: the entrance is located at the southern end of Ganhuriya Square, opposite the railway station, southeast of Saadzai Gruhle Square 1km.

Suez Canal

Located in the northeast of Egypt, it is the transportation hub of Europe, Asia and Africa, connecting the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, which has important strategic and economic significance.

1859- 1869 was excavated by the French, and 65,438+10,000 migrant workers in Egypt were killed.

After Britain bought 40% of the shares of the Canal Company, Britain and France * * * mastered the management right of the Canal and took away huge profits.

1956, President Nasser announced the nationalization of the canal, and then the war of aggression between Britain and France broke out.

1967- 1975 due to the Arab-Israeli war, the canal was closed and suspended for eight years.

1976- 1985, Egypt * * * spent about $2 billion on a large-scale canal expansion project, which significantly improved the navigation capacity of the canal.

After the expansion, the canal length 195 km, the maximum width of 365 m, the water depth below1/m 160 ~ 190 m, and the maximum draft depth 16 m can pass through/kloc-0.

In recent years, an average of about 60 ships pass through the Suez Canal every day, and the annual income of the canal is nearly 2 billion US dollars.

Whale defense line

1956 After Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula in the Middle East War, 1969 built a defense line named after the Chief of Staff, Balaf, along the east bank of the Suez Canal.

The defense line starts from Fuad Port in the north and ends at Suez Bay in the south, with a total length of 175 km and a depth of 30-35 km, with a total area of 5,000 square kilometers and a cost of 238 million US dollars.

The defense line consists of three parallel defense lines: the first is the Suez Canal and the east bank of the river. There are oil pipelines buried under the dikes, which can be ignited in wartime and turn the canal into a sea of fire.

There is a 20-meter-thick sand dike along the river, with more than 30 front support points behind the dike and barbed wire and minefields in front of the support points.

The second and third lines are more than ten or twenty kilometers away from the canal, and there are 1 1 core castles.

The core fort is generally a semi-underground multi-storey building, with reinforced concrete as the skeleton and rails and stones wrapped in iron mesh at the top, with a thickness of 4-5 meters, which can resist the direct attack of heavy shells and bombs.

The core fortress consists of several bunkers, one of which is a brigade command post, some are heavy artillery positions, and some are warehouses for ammunition and logistics materials. There are houses, command rooms, observation posts and shooting positions in the fort, which can store food and ammunition for more than one month. The bunkers are connected by trenches and can support each other in battle.

At present, some fortifications at that time are still preserved for people to visit in some areas of the original Balaf defense line.

Especially in Shajra Highland, which is 0/0 km away from Ismailia/Kloc-0, it used to be the front command post in the middle of the Baleff defense line, and now it has been turned into a war museum for people to visit.

Luxor

Located in the upper reaches of the Nile, 670 kilometers from Cairo.

Known as TABE in ancient Egypt, it was part of Thebes, the capital of the ancient Egyptian empire.

Around 1570 BC, the Thebes drove out West Cusos, reunified Egypt with this as the center, and established a more powerful empire, with Sudan in the south and Syria in the north.

This empire lasted for more than 1500 years, and many magnificent temples and tombs of the Wang family were built here, so it became a treasure house of ancient Egyptian cultural relics and an indispensable place to visit ancient Egyptian civilization.

The main tourist attractions are:

1, Luxor Temple

Luxor Temple is the temple of Mott, the wife of Thebes God Amon, which is second only to Karnak Temple.

It has an amazing majestic momentum, and each pillar represents the majesty of Pharaoh. Being in it will make people temporarily forget the passage of time and think a lot.

Most of the works here were completed by the 18th Pharaoh Amo Furniss III. Later, Ramses II built more gates and courtyards, and erected six statues of him at the gate. There are three existing ones.

There used to be two obelisks in the temple, one of which was given to France by Ali, and now it is in Place de la Concorde in Paris.

2. Karnak Temple

The Karnak Temple, located 5 kilometers north of Luxor, is the most spectacular temple left by the ancient Egyptian Empire. It is famous for its huge scale, and only the well-preserved part covers an area of more than 30 hectares.

The whole complex includes more than 20 temples.

There is a tower gate in the courtyard, which is 44m high and 13 1m wide.

The Great Pillar Hall is102m wide and 53m deep, with 134 giant stone pillars, which are magnificent and shocking.

The largest one is 12, with a height of 23 meters and a circumference of 15 meters, which is enough for 50 people to stand.

In the evening, there is a sound and light performance, with colorful lights reflecting the ruins, accompanied by explanations and music, telling tourists about the life scenes of the ancient Egyptian people.

The Temple of Amon, located 4 kilometers north of Luxor Town, is the main part of Karnak Temple, where Amon, the main god of Thebes, the sun god, is enshrined. It was built in the 17 dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, and 1300 has been continuously renovated and expanded for more than 300 years. There are ten towering gatehouses and three magnificent halls.

The stone pillar hall of the Temple of Amon (pictured) is the most famous, with 134 huge columns that can only be supported by six people, each of which is 2 1 m, and it is said that hundreds of people can stand on the top.

More than 3000 years have passed, but these stone pillars have not been pushed down, which makes people wonder.

The pillars and walls of the temple are carved with exquisite reliefs and colorful paintings, which record the myths and legends of ancient Egypt and people's daily life at that time.

In addition, there are famous obelisks and statues of pharaohs and queens in the temple.

3. The colossus of Monnon

The Monnon colossus is two rock colossus standing on the Yuan Ye between the west bank of the Nile and the Valley of the Kings.

It turned out to be a statue in front of Pharaoh A Min III's temple, but the temple itself has disappeared.

The colossus is 20 meters high and badly weathered beyond recognition.

This statue was built by Amenhotep III in the heyday of the New Kingdom.

Behind the statue, it used to be his funeral hall. Later, Pharaoh demolished the building and used it as a stone for his own building.

By Ptolemy's time, the building had been completely destroyed.

People thought that the stone statue was a statue of Mennon in Greek mythology, so it was named Mennon.

The earthquake during Roman rule caused cracks in the statue.

Whenever the wind blows, the farmer looks like singing, which is very magical.

Later, after the restoration, the statue of Mennong never sang again.

4. Valley of the Kings

In a valley on the west bank of the Nile opposite Luxor City, there are many tombs of kings and members of the royal family. This is the famous Valley of Kings.

There are 64 pharaohs buried here from the 17 dynasty to the 20th dynasty, of which only 17 is open.

The largest is the tomb of Shati I of the 19 dynasty. From the entrance to the last tomb, the horizontal distance is 2 10/0m, and the vertical descending distance is 45m. Huge caves have been dug into underground palaces, and the walls and ceilings are covered with murals, which are unimaginable.

The entrance to the tomb is often halfway up the mountain, and there is a small passage leading to the depths of the tomb. The patterns and hieroglyphs on the two walls of the passage are still very clear.

All the tombs here were built in the New Kingdom era.

From the ground down the steps, through the lobby, you will reach the tomb where the sarcophagus is placed.

18 tomb, characterized by the right angle between the front room and the tomb, 19 tomb is mostly linear.

More than 60 cemeteries have been discovered in King Valley, and only 10 cemetery is open to the public.

Ramses III funeral hall:

Entering the Arc de Triomphe, the front is 1 Tower Gate, which is 22 meters high and 63 meters wide.

Followed by 1 courtyard, second courtyard, column room and holy land.

Here are reliefs showing the application deeds of Ramses III: crusade against the enemy, kill bison and so on.

In the second yard, there is a column room composed of 24 stone pillars, and the top is preserved with colorful relief.

Syoum in Latin America enters the second courtyard directly from the entrance.

On the left is Tower Gate 2 and 1 courtyard; On the right is the column room.

At the entrance of the column room, four Osiris columns of Ramses II stand side by side, with the head of the statue of Ramses II in front.

The main tomb of the Valley of the Kings:

1, Thutmose III (18th Dynasty): The line composition in the tomb is very beautiful.

2. Amenhotep II (the18th dynasty): Osiris, Anubis, Havel, Horus and Amenhotep II are painted on two pillars in the tomb.

3. Tutankhamun (dynasty 18): Pharaoh's mummy was still placed in the tomb.

On the front wall of the tomb, King Tutankhamun and his successor, King Ayi, are depicted as Osiris.

4. King Holymherb ((18th Dynasty)): There are exquisite murals in it;

5. Siti II (dynasty 19): there are mummies;

6. Mennepeta (19 dynasty): a sarcophagus made of red granite;

7. Queen ussel (dynasty 19): wife of Siti II;

8. Ramesses I (the first 19 dynasty): exquisite murals;

9. Ramses III (20th dynasty): a stone statue of a harpist;

10, Ramesses IV (20th dynasty): a huge sarcophagus;

1 1, ramses VI (20th dynasty): well-preserved murals;

12, ramesses ix (20th dynasty): smaller than the tomb of Ramses VI.

5. Queen's Valley

Located in the west of Rocky Mountain, there is a concentrated princess tomb. Although the scale of the tomb is not as large as that of the tomb, the internal murals are completely different from the tomb, showing freedom and unrestrained, reflecting the living customs of the Egyptians at that time.

Hatshepsut was the daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose I of the 18th dynasty. She is another woman who became a Pharaoh besides Cleopatra.

Hatshepsut Mausoleum Temple is located in the northernmost part of Thebes Acropolis.

Hatshepsut built his mausoleum temple on the cliff, which showed the long-term stability of his rule with elegant effect.

The mausoleum temple is divided into three layers, engraved with many deep reliefs.

Hatshepsut was the first queen of Egypt.

After the death of her husband Thutmose II, she managed the affairs of young Thutmose III as the queen mother, and then became the queen alone.

She paid attention to trade and obtained spices through trade with the present Somali region.

These scenes are also reflected in the murals of the funeral home.

Hatshepsut, as a female Pharaoh, has a tough political skill. She has been secretly fighting for power with her adopted son, later Tuthmus III.

After her death, Thutmose III took revenge and destroyed all the places with her portrait in the mausoleum and temple.

At present, the upper floor of the mausoleum temple is under repair.

Aswan

Aswan is the capital of Aswan province and the cleanest and most beautiful city in Egypt.

It is an important place for Egypt to trade with other African countries and the gateway to Sudan.

It is located on the east bank under the "first waterfall" of the Nile in the southeast, 900 kilometers away from Cairo.

Historically, it was the gateway to Nubia in southern Egypt and the intersection of water transport and camel caravan.

In ancient Egypt, it was once a trade center with Sudan and Ethiopia (Coptic word "Aswan" means "market")

Italy), is now a provincial administrative and industrial and commercial center.

There are iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizer, sugar, textile, leather, cement and other industries, mining iron ore and stone.

There are a large number of temples and mausoleums in the city, such as the famous Philae Temple and Abu Simbel Temple. The Elefontein Museum has a collection of historical relics of this province.

Rich in tourism resources, it is a winter resort.

Railways and highways connect Cairo, Alexandria and other cities, and there are many international airports.

There are two dams in the south of the city. The old dam was built in 1902, 5.6 kilometers away from the urban area. The dam is 53 meters high and 2 152 meters long. The reservoir holds 5.3 billion cubic meters of water, which can generate 345,000 kilowatts of electricity and irrigate 570,000 hectares of farmland.

Aswan High Dam, completed in July 1970, has comprehensive benefits such as irrigation, flood control, power generation and transportation.

It can provide 74 billion cubic meters of stable and reliable irrigation water every year, and generate 654.38+000 billion kWh of electricity every year, which will be transported to Cairo and Lower Egypt through two 500 kV high-voltage transmission lines for local supply.

The downtown area of Aswan is small, but the terrain is dangerous, and the Nile water flowing northward adds a lot of scenery to it.

In ancient times, there were post stations and barracks here, and it was also an important stop for trade with neighboring countries in the south.

Winter is dry and warm, and it is a resort for recuperation and sightseeing.

Its main attraction:

1, Feilai Temple

Philae Island is in the south of Aswan 15km, with a length of 450m and a width of 150m.

Known as the "pearl on the throne of the ancient Egyptian king", the ancient Egyptian temple was built on Philae Island, a small island in the Nile River south of Aswan. It is famous for its splendid and peculiar architecture, magnificent and vivid stone carvings and fairy tales on stone reliefs.

1902, when Aswan Low Dam intercepted the Nile, it was partially submerged.

After a high dam was built in the south of Philae Island in 1960s, the temple was almost completely submerged.

In order to protect these precious cultural relics from being destroyed, from 1972, Egypt * * * built cofferdams around the temple, drained the water in the cofferdams, and then divided the temple into more than 45,000 stones and 100 columns, which were about 1979 in August.

On March 1980 and 10, the temple of Philae was officially reopened at its new site.

One of the oldest temples of King Niktanib II was built in the early 4th century. The largest temple is called the Temple of Etissis, which was built by King Ferratius Ptolemy II.

Transportation: Take a taxi from the city center to the pier, and then take a boat from the pier to Philae Island.

2. Ancient quarries

There is an ancient Egyptian quarry just two kilometers from downtown Aswan.

The quarry is built along the Nile and is about 6 kilometers long.

When you enter the quarry, you enter the world of granite.

The quality of stone in Aswan area is good, the color is mostly agate red with small black spots, and the stone body is smooth and shiny. Even in modern times, it is a luxury building decoration material.

On the quarry site, if you look closely, you can see that there are cut grooves in the rock wall.

It is said that the stones in ancient Egypt were all mined from Aswan and transported by water to meet the construction needs on both sides of the Nile.

There is a famous scenic spot in the quarry site-the unfinished obelisk.

Across the quarry, this huge obelisk is 4 1 m long and weighs 1267 tons. It was originally built by Queen Hatshepsut.

If this obelisk is erected, it will be the largest obelisk in Egypt.

There are ladders in the scenic area, and visitors can climb the monument and meditate on the mystery of why the obelisk has not been transported away from here.

World-famous obelisks, such as Place de la Concorde in Paris and St. Peter's Cathedral Square in Rome, all have traces of looting obelisks from Egypt. They seem to appear in pictures of newspapers and magazines more often than the local obelisks in Egypt.

However, the largest obelisk in the world sits quietly in the granite beside the Nile in Egypt.

Different from the obelisk we saw in the temple, it only completed the process of cutting stones, and along the uncut picture, it has a quaint charm.

Several cracks have been formed in the monument, and history seems to be as heavy as this boulder, which makes the human beings who create history overwhelmed.

3. abu simbel temple

Abu Simpo Temple is located 280 kilometers south of Aswan and was built in BC 1300 BC 1233. It was built by Ramses II, the greatest Pharaoh in ancient Egypt, and it is also the most protected relic of the Pharaoh era of the new empire.

This temple is 30m high, 36m wide and 60m deep. In front of the temple, there are four huge Ramses statues, each 20 meters high, next to their mother, wife and children. They are lifelike and still intact after more than 3000 years of wind erosion.

More than 30 years ago, when the Aswan High Dam began to be built, Nubian monuments faced the doom of sinking to the bottom of the lake forever, and its value attracted worldwide attention.

UNESCO appealed to all countries in the world to save Nubia, and 5 1 country responded.

From 1960 to 1980, experts have carried out more than 40 large-scale activities to save historical sites: an investigation team composed of archaeologists from 24 countries investigated the areas threatened by lake water; After positioning and calculation, 22 temples were demolished and moved to safe areas, and then rebuilt with their old faces.

More than 3000 years ago, the designers of the temple accurately applied the knowledge of astronomy, astrology and geography to design the temple as required. Only on Ramses II's birthday (February1year) and the foundation stone laying day (February1year1month) can the rising sun Hui Jin enter from the temple gate, cross the 60-meter-deep temple corridor and scatter at the end of the temple.

In order to preserve the wonders of the Sun Festival, UNESCO launched a fund-raising campaign, sent world-class scientific and technological personnel, and used the most advanced scientific and technological measurement methods to move the abu simbel temple 60 meters upward to ensure that the temple would not be flooded.

Despite all efforts, the time of the solar festival was misplaced and moved back one day.

Other large temples were rebuilt in four carefully selected locations: the Roman Kalabushe Temple, the Kataxiting Pavilion and the Bevali Temple decorated with reliefs reflecting the life of African blacks are now standing near the high dam; Dhaka Temple, Malaga Temple and Wadi Seba Temple are concentrated in Wadi Seba; Built in15th century BC, when Tuthmus III and Amino Firth II were in power, the oldest temples in Nubia, the Mada Temple Group and the Mausoleum of Penute, have now moved to Armada. Aboud's altar and Psa's tomb niche were sent to Abu Simbel on the other side of the Nile.