Taboos of folk tourism

Taboos of Folk Tourism 1:

? Shepherd's house? Folk-custom tourism is another tourism brand that takes rural families as tourist attractions and integrates sightseeing, entertainment, catering and accommodation. Liu Baichun, director of Chifeng Tourism Consulting Center in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, reminded that tourists should respect Mongolian customs and pay attention to local customs during their travels.

Liu Bochun said that Mongolian hospitality etiquette centered on yurts has many rules between host and guest, which should be observed separately. Guests should dismount at the back of the private room and don't enter the private room with a whip; Don't kick livestock, don't ride sheep, don't chase hounds, don't look at domestic dogs; Do not enter the private room without permission; Don't sit casually in the private room, don't squat, don't extend your legs to the northwest or by the fire, don't spit everywhere, and don't cross the host's coat, pillow and bedding; Don't step on the threshold when entering or leaving the private room; Don't point chopsticks and scissors at other people's heads; Gifts should be given in pairs. Send and receive gifts with both hands, and avoid one hand, especially the left hand. Leave the yurt from the left when you leave.

Visitors who take a bus to the herdsmen's home should see if there is a horse tied to Lele's car near the yurt, and don't approach it rashly, lest the horse break the rein and run away; Enter the bag from the left side of the stove and sit on the west and north sides of the yurt. The east side is the living room of the owner. Try not to sit. When seated, do not block the Buddha statue hanging on Hana in the north; After entering the bag, you can sit on the floor without taking off your shoes and sitting on the threshold; When visiting a herdsman's house, you should bring appropriate gifts, such as wine, sugar and snacks. You can only yell at the barking sheepdog, but you can't hit it; To relieve yourself, you must go as far as the south of the yurt, not east, west (with sheepfolds) or north (the smell will blow into the bag with the wind); Don't trample on the north and west of Bao Bei in winter, because the snow there is eaten by water; When you leave the host's home, you must say goodbye and thank you; When visiting a herdsman's house, the host will first offer the guest a bowl of milk tea, and the guest will get up slightly and pick it up with his hand or right hand. When the host pours tea, if the guest doesn't want tea, please gently touch the spoon or spout with the edge of the bowl, and the host will immediately understand the guest's intention.

Drinking and entertaining guests is a traditional way for Mongolian to entertain guests, in order to express the respect and love of grassland herders for their guests. Usually, the host pours wine into a silver bowl, a gold cup or a horn cup, puts it on a long Hada and sings a touching traditional Mongolian toast song. If guests push and pull and don't drink, they will be considered to look down on their hosts. Guests should immediately catch the wine, dip their ring fingers in the wine and point to the direction of heaven, earth and stove to show their respect for heaven, earth and Vulcan. You don't have to be reluctant to drink, but you can touch your lips to show that you have accepted the pure friendship of your host.

Hada is an indispensable item in Mongolian daily salute. Offering Hada is a courtesy used by Mongolian herders in welcoming guests and daily communication. When offering Hada, the host holds Hada with open hands, sings auspicious greetings or hymns, exaggerates the atmosphere of respect, and at the same time turns Hada's folding mouth to accept Hada's guests; Guests should stand up, face the toaster, listen attentively to the toast and accept the toast. When accepting Hada, the guest should lean forward slightly, let the giver of Hada hang Hada around his neck, and the guest should put his hands together on his chest to thank the giver of Hada.

Taboo 2 of folk tourism:

Killing is the main content of the whole Buddhist taboo. Snow chicken with colorful feathers is considered as a spirit bird that robs thousands of buddhas. Killing a snow chicken is guilty of destroying a thousand buddhas. Therefore, it is especially forbidden to kill snow chickens.

Celestial burial in Tibet has always regarded the eagle as a condor, and in some places it is also regarded as the embodiment of the infinite light Buddha. During the celestial burial, the Lama is invited to recite the scriptures, and the experienced celestial burial master (who specializes in celestial burial) is invited to dismember the whole body and feed the broken bones to the eagle, indicating that the deceased finally gave his only body to other creatures, which will be of great merit; Moreover, vultures can also bring their spiritual knowledge to the paradise, so as to get rid of the suffering of reincarnation. It is generally difficult for other ethnic groups to understand this kind of funeral, but from the traditional concept of Tibet, especially Buddhism, it is a very easy natural behavior to understand. In folk culture, it is also one of the important contents to avoid watching the celestial burial and injuring the condor. Don't dislike or doubt anything given to us by the celestial burial master; Especially in interviews or conversations with celestial burial masters, there are all kinds of remarks that do not conform to funeral etiquette and respect their personality.

In the valley of southern Tibet, the mountains are high and the valleys are deep, and the climate is hot, so it is difficult for eagles to come up, so water burial is often used to dismember the bodies and feed them to fish. But in most Tibetan areas, water burial is only used by people with very difficult economic conditions. Famous living buddhas and eminent monks are buried in towers (building stupas), while ordinary living buddhas, eminent monks and social celebrities are cremated. Patients with malignant infectious diseases and major criminals can only dig holes and bury them after death, without setting up tombstones as punishment.

It should also be noted that although the Menba and Sherpa people in Tibet also believe in Tibetan Buddhism, celestial burial is not popular. Sherpa and Dunbar people mostly practice cremation, while Menba and Loba people mostly practice water burial.

Whether it is celestial burial, water burial, cremation or burial, when undertaker comes home, he should wash his hands with black and white water in turn at the door before entering the house. All kinds of gifts given by the families of the deceased should also be stained by smoke, and can only be used after purification, otherwise it will kill the deceased. There are also different ways to express filial piety to the dead. Generally, mourners do not wear hats, cut hair, wear new clothes, participate in recreational activities and women do not change their headdresses within 49 days. In addition to doing activities at home, a burning ceremony is held every day to deliver meals to the deceased. Filial piety to parents or teachers usually lasts for one year. Filial piety people don't wear new clothes for a year and don't participate in recreational activities unrelated to Buddhism. It is forbidden to mention the name of the deceased in places where mourners mourn, especially to watch photos and audio items of the deceased with their families.

Burning is a sacrifice to gods or hungry ghosts. On your own roof, on a high mountain top, on the grass or anywhere else? Snuggle against mulberries? It is also a sacrifice to ghosts and gods. In Mafeng Banner, Ebo (referring to planting a small flag on the top of a mountain or a stone pile to pray for God to protect pedestrians) and Mana stone pile, in addition to holding? Braised mulberry? Besides etiquette, it is forbidden to shout and shoot at random.

When there is a patient or baby under the full moon at home and a Lama doing Buddhism, light a small fireworks in front of the door, indicating that ordinary guests are not allowed to enter; When guests and relatives enter the house, they need to be fumigated and disinfected with burning pine and cypress before entering the house. When children go out, point some pot ashes on the tip of their noses to prevent the devil from harming them; Family members come home late or go out of town, even bring gifts from others, and they have to be fumigated and decontaminated before they can enter the door. It is forbidden to chat loudly or stay for a long time around chronically ill or critically ill patients.

When living buddhas and lamas retreat, there is a small wooden board or clay ball at the door with cypress branches inserted on it and a few small stones around it, which are called retreat stones. It means that practitioners are not allowed to cross this boundary, and no one is allowed to enter the boundary of human beings except the closest fixer. When we interview or perform important tasks, we must get the permission of the hermit to enter, and we must bring a pebble around the mud ball in front of the hermit to start the interview. There is a saying that Tibet usually avoids time. Generally, the first, fifth, tenth, fifteenth and twentieth days of each month are daytime. The next day, the fourth day, the sixth day, the twelfth day, the sixteenth day and the twenty-sixth day are black days. During the day, you can engage in various activities such as offering sacrifices, repairing temples, building houses, holding weddings, and negotiating business; The dark sun is the main evil, and it is generally forbidden to talk about various events or go out to do great things.

There are many details about Tibetan marriage, and almost all regions have different wedding ways. In general, both men and women love each other. In addition to understanding the family's economic situation, we should also observe whether the family members of both sides are harmonious and whether the patrons worshipped by both sides are harmonious. If it is found that family members are different and disharmonious, parents of both sides generally disapprove of falling in love, and even avoid getting married.

After monks and nuns became monks, they were required to use their internal legal names, and they were not allowed to use common names. Men, women and children who often encounter disasters such as illness for many years or family discord, in addition to normal treatment, please ask the Lama to handle affairs and change his name; After renaming, it is forbidden to call your previous name, otherwise it will lead to unhappiness.

Tibetans usually don't celebrate their birthdays. In nominal years such as 13, 25, 37, 49, 6 1 73. They are in the animal year, which is also considered as a year. Generally do not travel far, and are forbidden to participate in recreational activities, especially weddings. Tibetans are forbidden to taste with spoons when cooking at home. In particular, they are forbidden to drink water directly with spoons, and then pour the remaining water into the people's tanks, so as not to bring disaster to the protectors due to unclean water supply. Eating, drinking tea, and drinking are generally prohibited from swallowing, making noises, and taking them by yourself. Housewives should pour it in. Drink tea and wine, not just one cup. You think you need more than three drinks to be lucky if one drink becomes an enemy.

Buddhist temples enshrined at home are not allowed to watch privately without permission, so as not to offend the gods and buddhas and bring disaster. In Tibet, it is generally forbidden to borrow other people's clothes, especially those of widows and widowers. If it is necessary to borrow it, it needs to be smoked and decontaminated before lending it back, otherwise it will bring bad luck. After borrowing a broom from another house, you can only throw it in the ground face to face when you return it, and don't give it directly to others.

Most festivals in Tibet are related to religion. After historical evolution, most of them are mainly ethnic festivals, and a few are mainly religious activities. For example, the prayer meeting in Lhasa (calling for a big shout) and the butter sculpture sacrifice (Lantern Festival); In addition, there are some regional traditional religious festivals in various sects and places. Prayer Dharma in Lhasa is not only a regional activity in Tibet, but also has monks and customs who believe in Tibetan Buddhism in all provinces and regions when economic conditions permit. I am also proud to be able to worship Buddha and watch the process of obtaining Rajan Bagesi, the highest religious degree of the Gelug Sect. On the Butter Festival (Lantern Festival) on the 15th day of the first month, which ended with the Buddha worship ceremony, Barkhor Street was filled with all kinds of Buddha statues, goddesses, legendary patterns, figures, flowers, birds and animals made of butter by various temples and local folk artists. It was even more wonderful and exquisite. Under the butter sculpture, people admire, dance and stay up all night, which reflects people's love for life and pursuit of beauty. When participating in such activities, we should pay attention to the related taboos, and the contents are basically the same as those when participating in other religious activities.

The connotations and taboos of traditional ethnic and religious festivals are constantly evolving with the changes of social history in Tibet. For example, in the history of 1500 years, the fruit festival, which prayed for a bumper harvest, was originally led by teachers of benzene in accordance with the etiquette of benzene religion. Collect earth gas? An activity in search of a bumper harvest. Since the 8th century, Ma Ning monks have led activities according to the rituals of Ma Ning Sect. After the rise of the Gelug Sect in14th century, it was led by the Gelug Sect and followed the trajectory of the Gelug Sect.

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