Where is Siping located in China?

Siping City is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province. Siping City is located in the middle of Northeast China, southwest of Jilin Province, downstream of Dongliao River, and at the junction of Liaoning Province and Jilin Province. It is located in the transition zone between the low hills in eastern Hebei and Liaohe Plain, bordering Daheishan in the east, Liaohe Plain in the west, Changchun in the north, Shenyang in the south, and beijing-harbin railway as the boundary. The eastern part is hilly, the western part is part of Songliao Plain, and the terrain is slightly undulating, and the eastern part is Hadaling in Jilin. The main rivers in the territory are Dongliao River and its tributaries, and the marginal areas are Xiliao River, Yitong River and Huifa River. Siping City is located at the southern end of the city, bordering Tiaozi River in the north and Daheishan in the east, with a very flat terrain in the middle. The southeast is hilly and the northwest is wavy plain. The north, east and south of the urban area are surrounded by mountains, forming a dustpan-shaped basin with the dustpan mouth facing west. The urban area is divided into tiedong district and Tiexi District. Jurisdiction over Gongzhuling City, shuangliao city, Lishu County and Yitong Manchu Autonomous County.

Siping is located in the northeast transportation center, with developed public rail transit, and is the intersection of Harbin-Dalian, Pingqi and Simei railways. Siping Station is one of the top ten mixed passenger and freight marshalling stations in Northeast China. More than 100 passenger and freight trains pass through day and night, and three trunk highways, namely Jingha, Jixi and Shenming, pass through the territory. It is an important transportation hub and military strategic location in the central part of Northeast China, and has always been a battleground for military strategists. In the War of Liberation, the famous Siping Campaign took place here, which is called "Hero City". It is also the "bridgehead" for economic exchanges between Jilin and Liaoning provinces.

Tracing back to the history of Siping City, it belongs to Gufuyu's territory from Han Dynasty to Western Jin Dynasty. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the eastern border was near Koguryo and the western border was Qidan. Most of the Tang Dynasty belonged to Fuyufu, Sheji and Zhifu counties in the west of Siping City. The Liao Dynasty belonged to Tokyo Road, changed Fuzhou to Tongzhou, and Fuyu County was renamed Tong Yuan County, which is still the seat of the state capital.

It can be said that Yicheng is the earliest name of Siping, and Dongcheng Township still has villages and sites in the city.

The Jin Dynasty was Hanzhou, Xianping Road. The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Kaiyuan Road. The Ming Dynasty belonged to Jiadao Post Station and Hanzhou Post Station, the capital of Liaodong. In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Zasak territory of Horqin Left Banner of Zhelimu League. During the Qianlong period, the "people" sneaked into the Mongolian flag and cultivated privately. The Mongolian flag Zasak did not expel it. "It is forbidden to take in and collect rent to support yourself." 1803 (the eighth year of Jiaqing in Qing dynasty), the Qing government allowed "people" to go out and reclaim the land in the restricted area, so that this nomadic land was reclaimed. With more and more "people" gradually becoming villages, many small villages were formed in this area, and later these small villages were placed under the jurisdiction of Changtu Guild Hall. 182 1 year (the first year of Qing Daoguang), Zhao Mo, a branch of Shangmao Street (now Lishu Town), administered a municipal district and still belonged to Changtu Guild Hall. 1877 (the third year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty), located in Tongzhou, Iraq. 1878 (the fourth year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty), Fenghua county was established in the development zone, and the county government was located in Shangmao Street, under the jurisdiction of General Shengjing. There are nine cooperatives in Fenghua County, and now Siping City is the new social management office. By 1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty), Siping City was only a small village with dozens of farmers. At that time, the surrounding villages were Haifeng, Linjiahekou, Simen Miaojia, Zhangjiawopeng and Yicheng. At that time, Xin 'en Institute of Social Governance was located in Siping Street, now Laosiping Township, Changtu City, Liaoning Province. More than 20 natural villages, such as Ping 'an Fort, Tiaozi River, Shuangshulin, Xuewobao, Xiaoban, Yahulupao, Yihetun, Chengjiawobao, Boluolinzi, Liujiazi, Laoyemiaotun, Shemasha and Hejiaxinzi, are under the jurisdiction of Xinenshe. Siping City was under the jurisdiction of Lishu County before its establishment. Today, most of these villages have been extended to the urban or suburban areas of Siping.

1898 (in the 24th year of Guangxu reign of Qing dynasty), Russia forced the Qing government to sign the contract of the Eastern Railway Company and decided to build the branch line from Harbin to Luda. That year, I entered the Siping section for a field trip and decided to set up a station here. 1902 (in the 28th year of Guangxu reign), the section from Lushunkou to Gongzhuling of Nanman branch line of Middle East Railway was opened to traffic, and Siping was called "five stations", which was the second name of Siping.

The origin of the name "five stops" has to start with Russia's construction of the Nanman branch line of the Middle East Railway. At that time, the railway stations were named according to the sequence number. From Kuanchengzi (now Changchun) to the south, there was a railway station every 30 kilometers. The second station was Fan Jiatun, the third station was Gongzhuling and the fourth station was Guojiadian. So Siping is the fifth stop. The name of the railway station is Kaihou, and the place name follows the name of the railway station. People also call Siping "five stops".

After a while, it was called five stops, and it was changed to "Siping Street Station". In the past, there were more than a dozen places called Siping Street. In the dictionary of Manchu place names published during the occupation period, there are five places: Siping Street in Xifeng County (now Dongfeng County), Siping Street in Huanren County, Siping Street in Lishu County, Siping Street in Changtu County and Siping Street Post. Among them, Siping Street and Siping Street Post in Lishu County are today's Siping City. The former refers to the eastern part of siping road, which is today's tiedong district; Siping Street Post refers to the "subordinate place of Manchuria Railway" in those days, which is Tiexi District today. Later, in order to avoid confusion, people renamed Siping Street in Changtu County as "Old Siping" and Siping Street in Dongfeng County as "Little Siping" to show the difference. In the census of place names in the 1980s, according to the established principles, it was determined that "Old Siping" and "Small Siping" became the official place names of those two places, so there was only one "Siping" near Siping.

When the railway station was built, there were many villages around. Why did you choose the name Siping Street? The old Siping mentioned earlier is 7.5 kilometers away from Siping Railway Station, just to the west of the station. At that time, Old Siping was already the largest market town here, with 20 natural villages under its jurisdiction. It was the political, economic and commercial center of nearby villages and the distribution center of grain and local products. Therefore, although the Middle East Railway set up five stations in a city, it later chose the well-known name "Siping" as the final choice. This is the third name of Siping.

When was the fifth stop renamed Siping Street? There are three statements: the first statement: "Siping Street was officially named as Siping Street Station on 193 1, and the names of five stations were abolished, and the original Siping Street was renamed Old Siping." The second way of saying it: it was originally called five stops. After the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese renamed the five stations Siping Street Station. The third statement: When the Middle East Railway is fully opened to traffic, the official name of the station is Siping Street Station. There is a story about Japanese Yan Xi Ando, who wrote a book called The Fun of Siping Street. In this book, he wrote: Shortly after the Russo-Japanese War, the author came to Siping Street. In the stationmaster's office of the railway station, the author was surprised to find that there was a stop sign left by a Russian in the corner. On this unique souvenir, the name of the station written in Russian is "Siping Street Station". From this, the author infers that when the Middle East Railway was fully opened to traffic, that is, before the Russo-Japanese War, the official station name was changed to Siping Street. To say the least, this Russian stop sign can at least show that long before the Japanese took over the Middle East Railway, the Russians had called the five stops Siping Street Station, and they had hung up the Russian stop sign.

1902 (twenty-eight years of Guangxu in Qing dynasty), Russia opened the street bases of 1 road, No.2 road and No.3 road in front of the railway station, and the number of vendors and workshops in the market gradually increased. Chenjia Restaurant, Wu Jia Restaurant and Guanghe Station Hotel also opened this year. 1903 (in the 29th year of Guangxu reign of Qing dynasty), the entire Middle East Railway was opened to traffic, and tickets were officially sold at Siping Street Station. 1907 (thirty-three years of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty) According to the statistics of Manchuria Railway, there were 62 households with 658 people living in Siping Street at the end of this year. The following year, the Japanese army opened up the street base of the Central Pass (now the eastern section of Hero Street) in the "Manchuria Railway Affiliated", and gradually formed the embryonic form of the neighborhood around the railway station. At this time, Siping Street's "Railway Attached" covers an area of 5.3 square kilometers and is the first block of Siping.

After the railway station borrowed the name of Siping Street from the old Siping, not only the five stations were renamed Siping Street Station, but also the new block centered on the railway station was called Siping Street. The names "one side city" and "five stops" are gradually forgotten. The industry and commerce of Siping Street are becoming more and more prosperous, and the popularity of the new "Siping Street" is getting higher and higher, while the "old Siping Street" has become unknown.

There is also a small question here, that is, how far is the old Siping from the railway station? According to several sources, "there is a village called Siping Street two and a half miles west of this station, so it was named Siping Street Station." "There is a natural village named Siping Street to the west of the five stops. At the same time, the name of Siping Street was moved instead of the station name, and five stations were used together with Siping Street Station. " Another message reads: "Siping is a piece of land in Xin 'enshe, Fenghua County, which is now the old Siping Street ... it is 15 miles away from Siping Street Station. "On the recently published map, it is not difficult for us to find Siping and its old Siping due west. The distance from Siping Railway Station to Old Siping is about 8 kilometers. If the natural village called Siping Street was only "two miles away" from the station at that time, it would not pass the Tiaozi River from the west of the station, so it would have been contained in the old street on the south side of Hero Street in Tiexi District, and it would not be the old four today. It remains to be further verified where the new grace society is located in the old Siping.

In fact, as early as this place was a small village with only a few dozen farmers, its geographical location had made it a distribution center for grain, livestock and other products in Changtu area and Horqin Zuoyi Banner at that time, so the Middle East Railway set up a station here, and when the Pingqi Line and Simei Line were built in the Republic of China, they were all connected with the Middle East Railway here, so Siping Street became a transportation hub extending in all directions and occupied an important position in transportation and strategy. With the rise of all walks of life, the urban scope of Siping Street has expanded on both sides with the railway as the axis. In addition to building the main commercial street, many municipal facilities have been built, such as 1927 (in the 16th year of the Republic of China), the Zhaoping Bridge (now the bridge) which crosses the railway connecting Daoli and Daodong.

Daodong was originally a few natural villages such as Yicheng and Huangjiatun. 192 1 year (the tenth year of the Republic of China), was opened as a new market by Yin Shousong, the governor of Lishu County, and the "Siping Street New Market Office" was also in charge of administration. Siping Street Village was established the following year. 1922 (Republic of China 1 1 year) The second district of Lishu County was moved from Bapannianzi to Daodong, and Daodong became the seat of the district government, which was the second block of Siping.

When the new market block is added with the "attached land" area, the total area of Siping Street will reach 6.79 square kilometers. 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese army planned and directed the establishment of Siping Street Municipal Office in June 5438+00 and June 5438+05 as the administrative organization of the puppet regime. 1932 Road East and Road Lane have a total area of about 9.99 square kilometers. 1933, the puppet Manchukuo thought that "the commercial population was not prosperous and it was difficult to set up a municipal government", so the city system was abolished and it was still under the jurisdiction of Lishu County. Subsequently, Liancun Office of Siping Sub-district in Lishu County was established, and 1936 was renamed Siping Sub-district Office.

Siping North Station is the resident of Sitao Railway Bureau, formerly known as Sizheng Railway Engineering Bureau. Founded in 19 16 (five years in the Republic of China), it belongs to the Northeast Transportation Committee of the Ministry of Communications. There is no special administrative organ in North Railway Station. Household registration, civil affairs, construction and public security are directly managed by four railway bureaus, and are not under the jurisdiction of the local office of Siping Street in Manchuria and the second district of Lishu County. 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, the management right of Sitao Railway was annexed by Manchuria Railway, and the administrative right was replaced by Siping Street local office of Manchuria Railway from 1932. This is the third block in Siping.

1937, 1 In July, Siping Market was established in the State Council, Manchukuo. 65438+ On February 1 of the same year, Japan announced the revocation of "extraterritorial jurisdiction" and handed over the administrative power of "the place where Manchuria Railway belongs" to the local "government", and the original Siping Street local office of Manchuria Railway became a pseudo-Siping market office. At this point, the three blocks of Siping are combined into one, which is under the unified jurisdiction of the pseudo Siping market office and separated from Lishu County.

The name of Siping Street is borrowed from the name of Siping Street in Changtu County (now Siping). It was originally the name of the railway station and later evolved into the general name of the urban area. These have basically reached the knowledge of * * * today. So how did the name "Siping Street" come from?

It is generally believed that the distance between Old Siping and several surrounding big market towns is the same: Banlashan Gate in the east, Bamiancheng in the west and Bamiancheng in the south. ? Lucun, north of Maimao Street (now Lishu Town), is 20 kilometers away from all four market towns, hence the name Siping. There is also the same record in Changtu Fuzhi: "The distance between the road and the lane is close, so it is the thoroughfare of the four reaches, hence the name."

The second statement is close to the previous one, so the ground is the intersection of Harbin-Dalian line, Pingqi line and Simei line, which means extending in all directions. According to this statement, the name "Siping" came into being after the completion of these railways, rather than before, and "extending in all directions", "extending in all directions" and "three links and one leveling" were also far-fetched.

The third argument is that 1754 (19th year of Qing Qianlong), Emperor Li Hong of Qianlong visited Jilin and passed through Siping Street (old Siping). When he saw that the terrain was flat and there was no dividing line, he named it Siping Street.

The fourth argument, which was verified by experts in the 1980s, said that Siping is Manchu, which literally translates as awl, meaning that a river here is thin and straight, like an awl.

194 1 year, the puppet Manchukuo established Siping province, with Siping city as the capital, and governed Siping Street, Gongzhuling and Toarey Yang counties. 1945 Siping Street is the capital of northern Liaoning. 1In June, 947, Siping Province merged with Xing 'an South Province, which was called Liaobei Province, but Siping Market still existed, only the word "street" was omitted, and Siping Market was changed to Siping City, with the provincial capital located in Siping City. Siping Street Station was also changed to Siping Station. Since then, the suburbs have expanded again. 1948 before the liberation of Siping, the total area of urban and rural areas reached 24 square kilometers. 1949, northern Liaoning province was revoked and became western Liaoning province.

After the founding of New China, Siping was placed under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province from 65438 to 0954. Siping Special Zone was established 1958, and the Commissioner's Office is located in Siping City, which is a city under the jurisdiction of the Special Zone. 1August 30th, 983, with the approval of the State Council, Siping area was cancelled and Siping City was established. After the revocation of Siping area, Huaide, Lishu, Yitong and Shuangliao were placed under the jurisdiction of Siping City. On February 22nd of the same year, 12, Siping City was divided into tiedong district and Tiexi District.