Who is Matteo Ricci and why is Matteo Ricci's tomb in the Party School of Beijing Municipal Committee?

Who is Matteo Ricci? Why is Matteo Ricci's tomb in the Party School of Beijing Municipal Committee? The following written materials were collected and published by school easy search. Let's have a quick look!

Who is Matteo Ricci? Why is Matteo Ricci's tomb in the Party School of Beijing Municipal Committee? Matteo Ricci was one of the earliest pioneers of Catholicism in China and the first western scholar to read China literature and study China classics. As a western monk, he wrote in Chinese to spread Catholic teachings, made friends with China officials and celebrities, and spread western scientific and technological knowledge such as astronomy, mathematics and geography. His writings not only made an important contribution to the communication between China and the West, but also had an important influence on Japan and countries on the Korean Peninsula to understand Western civilization.

On the tourist traffic map of Beijing, next to the south of Erligou Road outside Fuchengmen in the West Second Ring Road, there are several striking characters marked: Matteo Ricci's Tomb. To be exact, Matteo Ricci's tomb is located in the courtyard of the Party School of Beijing Municipal Committee south of Chegongzhuang Street. In the middle of the green courtyard, there is a cemetery surrounded by transparent brick walls. There are two gray iron flower doors in the middle of the south wall, and several cypresses are planted in the cemetery.

This was specially reserved when the school was founded in the 1950s. 1Since May 24th, 984, these unknown tombstones have been upgraded to municipal protected cultural relics, and the freely scattered tombstones scattered in this garden-like courtyard have been centrally planned into a small cemetery surrounded by vegetation. However, even people who work in the party school building every day will not. I don't necessarily know. The party school security team pointed out that it was in the south. Sure enough, in the south, there is a small farmhouse with more than 60 tombstones locked. There are no grave keepers and few grave-sweepers. Even in Tomb-Sweeping Day every year, few people visit graves. You must get in touch in advance before someone opens the cemetery gate. Fortunately, the walls of the mausoleum are not high, and they are made of ceramic tiles. The two gray iron grating gates in the middle of the south wall are just a few iron bars, which can be seen at a glance from the outside.

At first glance, there are several stout cypress trees in the cemetery. Three white marble stone tablets stand side by side on the front. Although it is the graveyard of foreign missionaries, do as the Romans do. According to the custom of China people, there is a stout dragon body on the tombstone, which is just the center of the dragon carving pattern on his forehead. It is engraved with the cross emblem representing the Catholic church, indicating that the owner of the tomb is a devout Catholic. The head in the middle of the square cicada monument is 2.7 meters high and 0.94 meters wide. Built in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. In the center of the monument is the tomb of Jesuit Gong Li.

The inscription on the right reads: Mr. Li is afraid of horse fighting, no.12 Xitai, Atlantic Italian. I have been a real yogi since I was a child. I first joined China Communication Education during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. I came to the capital in the year of Gengzi in Wanli, and died in Gengxu in Wanli. 59 years on earth and 42 years on society. Behind the monument is a rectangular brick tomb with a gray body and a black roof and a circular arch.

At the entrance of the cemetery, there are tall and stout pine trees and two dense bamboos. The green grass inside and outside the door is scattered all over the floor, sometimes mixed with purple and blue wildflowers. It is quiet and lonely. This area was a wasteland when they were alive. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Matteo Ricci was the first to establish it as a graveyard for foreign missionaries with the permission of the emperor.

To the east of the tomb is the tomb of Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest, and to the west is the tomb of Tang Ruowang.

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Before modern times, China's academic thoughts had only two large-scale contacts with the outside world, one was Buddhism since Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the other was Tianxue in Ming and Qing Dynasties. So there are very few famous Europeans in the history of China, and people only know Kelpolo and Matteo Ricci. Before them, Europe didn't know China, and there was almost no direct contact between China and Europe in ancient and medieval times. Europeans know the Si of the East.

Matteo Ricci was the earliest and most important founder who introduced western religions and western academic thoughts to China. He has made immortal contributions to the development of cultural exchanges between China and the West. He not only formally introduced a great deal of western religious and scientific knowledge to China for the first time, but also introduced the knowledge about China and its history and culture to the west. The Jesuit missionary spent the rest of his life in China. Matteo Ricci's first half life was simple. 1552 was born on June 6th, 2002 in marcela Tacheng, Pope Bonancona in central Italy, and entered Jesuit school at the age of 9. Ten years later, he joined the Jesus Church in Rome and volunteered to teach in the Far East. 1In August, 982, he arrived in Macau and began his missionary career in China for nearly 30 years.

At present, few people in China know who Matteo Ricci is, but during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci became more and more famous. It can be said that he was the first person in the cultural exchange between China and the West. Although he was not the first missionary in China, as a pioneer of modern Christian church in China, he was a missionary who successfully introduced Christianity into China. He was the first person to graft western civilization onto the backbone of ancient civilization in China, and also the first person to introduce China to the west. He built a bridge between the east and the west.

In the world culture, China culture develops in a closed way, without the interference of foreign cultures. China has been a country with absolute monarchy since ancient times. The emperor and the court have absolute authority, so they have a stupid sense of superiority and arrogance. They regard themselves as the platform of China and China as the center of the world, thus denying the dignity and rights of other countries. In addition, all officials in China read the official books of Confucius, so they naturally tend to be xenophobic. So how can Christianity gain a foothold in China? Matteo Ricci's predecessor, Shabello, did not. Even China can't get in. Matteo Ricci, like all foreigners, was regarded as a prisoner and was discriminated against. Matteo Ricci, in his hopeless career, summed up the experience of missionary failure, knowing that he was facing an ancient civilization that was deeply rooted and extremely difficult to shake, and that China had a civilization completely different from western civilization, so he had to take measures not to overthrow everything, so he didn't have to rush to preach at the beginning. On the basis of equality, he wears clothes from China, eats rice from China and sincerely studies China culture. He was the first western scholar who directly mastered the language of China. He introduced four books by Confucius and China to Europe.

Matteo Ricci became more and more proficient in the language of China, which made him feel at home. He studied American laws and customs in China and American classical literature day and night in China. Matteo Ricci sincerely praised the science and technology of China, Confucius and China. He believes that China has made great achievements not only in morality, but also in many branches of astronomy, traditional Chinese medicine and mathematics. This kind of love for China, coupled with his gentle temperament, and friendly exchanges with aristocratic officials and outstanding scholars, made many friends in the upper class and won the support of China's upper-class intellectuals and even the emperor. More than 90% cabinet officials in the Ming Dynasty had contacts with Matteo Ricci. Matteo Ricci is a scholar. He studied mathematics in Rome for several years, received good mathematical training, and introduced European geometry to China. Besides being proficient in mathematics, he has also studied astronomy, geography, history, literature and mechanical technology. He even drew the first map of the world for China. Matteo Ricci was still haunted when he handed over the map. If China is not the center, but occupies a small place, will it be opposed and attacked by China people? I didn't. Don't expect China people to be stupid when reading maps. They used to think that China was the world. When they looked at the map, they realized that China had nothing to be proud of. It was so small. Matteo Ricci's map of the United States was remade 12 times in China, but Emperor Wanli failed to put it down. He looks at the map before going to bed every night. Matteo Ricci brought China prisms, clocks and watches, together with a map, which became the stepping stone to his successful opening of China.

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Matteo Ricci, Italian, 1552, from Tacheng, Macedonia. He joined the Church of Jesus at the age of 265,438+0 and received religious education in Rome at the age of 23. He studied literature, law and theology from famous teachers, and at the same time studied geometry, astronomy, geography and other natural sciences, becoming a knowledgeable young scholar. /kloc-became a priest in 0/980 and went to macau to study Chinese two years later. In 583, another Italian Jesuit Luo Ming lived in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. In order to adapt to the popularity of Buddhism in China at that time, he cut his hair, changed his clothes, called himself a monk, and named his residence Huaxian Temple. In order to preach better, he showed the tourists from China the chimes, Mitsubishi mirrors, books, homemade astronomical instruments and hand-drawn maps of the world he brought from the west. To serve with all kinds of people in China is to introduce western natural science knowledge first, and then to preach.

In this way, he developed 80 believers in Zhaoqing. In 595, Matteo Ricci went north from Shaozhou and settled in Nanchang, Jiangxi. He made extensive friends with officials, Confucian scholars and royalty, and talked with them about astronomy, geography, philosophy and theology. Xu Guangqi, a famous scientist at that time, was his good friend. They translated the original Latin geometry together. Matteo Ricci translated Latin into Chinese, which was translated by Xu and revised repeatedly. Published in Beijing on 1607. This is the earliest translated natural science work in China, which has played an inestimable role in the development of mathematics and even natural science in China. Many technical terms are still in use today. At that time, a eunuch named Yimei once asked Ye Wenzhong, the prime minister, why so many foreigners came to China, and there was no burial since ancient times, so he was more independent than Matteo Ricci. Ye said that since ancient times, no guest can match Matteo Ricci's morality and knowledge. If nothing else, a geometry alone is enough to get a burial place. In 597, Matteo Ricci was appointed president of China Christian Missionary Society and was ordered to take Beijing as his permanent residence. In 600 AD, Matteo Ricci came to Beijing as a tribute in kind, and was allowed to pay tribute to the gods in Ming Shenzong the following year. The first Catholic church in Beijing was built in Xuanwu Gate.