Introduction of Jingzhou, Hubei Province

Jingzhou is located in the south-central part of Hubei Province, in the hinterland of Jianghan Plain in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the lower reaches of Hanshui River. Jingzhou, also known as Jiangling, is one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China.

Jingzhou has a flat terrain, mild climate, criss-crossing rivers and dotted lakes. There are 92 rivers with a basin area of over 1 square kilometers, and the Yangtze River flows through this area for 453 kilometers.

Jingzhou has a long history and splendid culture. It is the birthplace of Chu culture and one of the concentrated places of the Three Kingdoms culture. According to legend, there was Jingzhou only when Yu rowed Kyushu. In ancient times, Jing and Chu referred to the same area, and the word meaning of Jing and Chu was originally the name of the same tree. According to historical records, Jingchu, as a place, was first called Jing and then Chu. In Shang dynasty, Chu, the land of Jingzhou, was included in the jurisdiction of Shang dynasty as a square country. The Zhou Dynasty named Xiong Yi, the first monarch of Chu State, in Danyang, with the title Jing. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, King Chu Cheng changed Jing to Chu.

According to archaeological findings, as early as five or six thousand years ago, human beings thrived in Jingzhou, creating splendid Qujialing culture and Shijiahe culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, bronze smelting technology, forged cast iron technology, silk embroidery technology and lacquerware technology were all at the leading level in the world. Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy, Chu Ci literature, music and dance have all reached the halls of ancient world civilization. There are 5 sites of Chu city, 73 sites of Chu culture and more than 8 large stone tombs in Ji 'nan City, the ancient capital of Chu, and its surroundings, including 18 tombs of Chu kings. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang called Jingzhou "a country that relies on Han Mian in the north, benefits the South China Sea, connects Wuhui in the east and Bashu in the west."

Jingzhou has been an outstanding person since ancient times, and is known as "only Chu is talented". Qu Yuan, a world cultural celebrity, has worked here for more than 2 years. Lu Yu, the "Cha Sheng" in Tang Dynasty, Zhang Juzheng, the "outstanding prime minister" in Ming Dynasty, and contemporary writers Cao Yu and Ouyang Shan are all from Jingzhou.

Jingzhou has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu Wei captured Jingzhou, leaving not only many touching stories such as "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou" and "Guan Gong was careless in losing Jingzhou", but also a large number of sites of the Three Kingdoms. There are mainly Guan Gong's Dianjiangtai and Ma Paoquan in Jiangling, Caocaowan and Wulinzhai in Honghu, Longgang and Huarong Road in Jianli, Xiulin Town and Langpu Liu in Shishou, and Mrs Sun's City in Public Security. Jingzhou has a well-preserved ancient city wall, which has been preserved for more than 2, years. In particular, the ancient city walls, which were built in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, are large in scale and well preserved, which are unique in southern China and few in China. There are Kaiyuan Temple and Xuanmiao Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, Taihui Temple built in the Ming Dynasty, Confucian Temple, Guanmiao Temple and Tienv Temple built in the Qing Dynasty, and modern Three Kingdoms Park, bonsai garden and stele garden. The tomb of the Ming Dynasty in Zhongxiang, which is the burial tomb of Emperor Jiajing's parents, is not only the only tomb of Ming emperors in Central South China, but also the largest ancient architectural complex in Central South China.

Jingzhou is the birthplace and central area of Chu culture, a famous ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms at home and abroad, the center of the revolutionary base in western Hunan and Hubei, and an excellent tourist city in China. The ancient city of Jingzhou (Jiangling) is one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council, and it is called "a rare and perfect treasure in the south of China" by archaeologists and historians. A series of popular stories such as "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou" and "Guan Yu's careless loss of Jingzhou" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms made Jingzhou famous far and wide, both at home and abroad. There are many cultural landscapes and historical sites in Jingzhou. At present, there are 5 proven Chucheng sites, 73 sites and more than 8 large-scale ancient tombs, and there are also historical sites such as Wulin Ancient Battlefield, Huarong Ancient Road, Sanyi Zhouyu Luhuadang, Guanyu Dianjiangtai, zhanghua Temple and Wanshou Pagoda. There are more than 54 key cultural relics protection units at national, provincial and city (county) levels in the city. Among them, there are 7 national key cultural relics protection units, namely Jigongshan Paleolithic Site, Chujina Old City, Baling Mountain Guji Group, Jingzhou Ancient City Wall, Hunan and Hubei Western Revolutionary Base Site Group, Yinxiangcheng Site and Zoumaling Site; There are 32 provincial key cultural relics protection units and more than 5 municipal (county) key cultural relics protection units. Located about 3 kilometers southwest of Songzi City, the dangerous water scenic spot is a national forest park integrating mountains, water, caves, forests and springs, with a total area of 286 square kilometers. There is a famous dangerous water reservoir in the scenic spot, which is surrounded by the largest artificial earth dam in Asia. The reservoir is shaped like coral, with blue water and excellent water quality. In the scenic area, there are towering trees, caves in groups, lakes and mountains, which set each other off. There are also sites of ancient tombs in the Warring States Period, sites of stationing troops in Wu Sangui, sites of ancient post roads in Hunan and Hubei, and Lingjiu Temple in the Jin Dynasty, which are rich in cultural connotations. Located in the southwest of honghu city, Honghu Lake, with an area of 76 square kilometers, is the largest freshwater lake with the richest organic matter content in Hubei Province, and also an important freshwater fishery base in China. Its unique natural scenery and cultural landscape are yearned for by Chinese and foreign tourists. Zhanghua Temple, which was built during the reign of Thai (1324 ~ 1328), is said to be the former site of zhanghua Palace, where King Chu Ling left the palace. The existing temple was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, and its scale is the same as Guiyuan Temple in Hanyang and yuquan temple in Dangyang, and it is called the three jungles in Hubei. Wanshou Pagoda, located in the west of Shashi section of Jingjiang levee, was built by Zhu Xianhuo Festival, the king of Ming and Liao Dynasties, and has been in existence for more than 45 years. The pagoda is more than 4 meters high, with eight sides and seven floors. The outer wall is decorated with more than 1 carved statues of white marble, and the inner wall has thousands of embossed statues of tiles with different postures. Located in the Linjiang promenade next to the tower, overlooking the railing, the waves beat on the shore, and river of no return is full of weather. Jingzhou Museum, located in Kaiyuan Temple of Jingzhou Ancient City, has a collection of 12, cultural relics. Among them, jade pottery, lacquerware of Chu State, silk of Warring States period, sword of Gou Jian of Yue State, body discovered in Western Han Dynasty, etc. are rare treasures with great archaeological, scientific research and ornamental value.

/all/458.asp

Introduction to Jingzhou

Jingzhou, a famous historical and cultural city in China, an important port in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the central city of Jianghan Plain, was one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council in 1982. In 1996, the ancient city wall of Jingzhou was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Jingzhou, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the hinterland of Jianghan Plain, is the world-famous birthplace of Chu culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chu established its capital in Jinan City, five kilometers north of the city, for 411 years, leaving a rich historical and cultural legacy.

Jingzhou ancient city has accumulated rich history and culture. There are many historical sites in Jingzhou and its vicinity. Dayu's land for flood control, the old capital of Xiongchu, the remains of disputes among the three countries, and the victories of celebrities in past dynasties are like stars and countless. Jingzhou ancient city wall is one of the most representative and weighty monuments. According to the Records of the Geography of the Later Han Dynasty, the history of building the ancient city wall in Jingzhou can be traced back to the Zhou Liwang period more than 2,8 years ago. Verified by the latest archaeological excavation of the ancient city wall, Jingzhou ancient city wall is the only ancient city wall with the longest duration and the largest number of dynasties in China, which evolved from Tucheng. In March 1998, archaeologists excavated brick cities in the Song Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Tucheng in the Jin and Three Kingdoms periods. The discovery of the Five Dynasties Brick City, which was stacked 1 meters below the existing city wall, made the building history of Jingzhou Brick City begin with the general recognition of the Ming Dynasty and go back more than 4 years. This archaeological excavation also confirmed that the ancient city wall of Jingzhou has not changed much since the Three Kingdoms period, and the displacement distance is only about 5 meters; Earth walls are much earlier than brick walls. In August, 2, archaeologists discovered a lime glutinous rice slurry wall rammed in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, which was nearly 2 meters long, on the west side of Xiaobeimen in Jingzhou City. Although this section of the city wall has been more than 5 years, it is still as strong as a rock, which is rare in the world.

around the ancient wall of Jingzhou, there are 6 original city gates, namely, East Gate, Small East Gate (also known as Public Security Gate), North Gate, Small North Gate, West Gate and South Gate. Every city gate is equipped with "double insurance", with two front and rear doors and a urn between them, so as to "catch turtles in a jar" and kill the enemies who attack the city. In order to ease the traffic in the city, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, three new city gates were opened, namely, the new east gate, the new south gate and the new north gate. There is no urn in the newly opened gates. There used to be towers on the gates of six ancient cities, but now there are only towers at the east gate and the north gate. Therefore, the best places to visit and appreciate the ancient city wall are the East Gate and the North Gate. The East Gate is also called "Yinbin Gate". The tower is "Binyang Tower", which was built in Ming Dynasty, and now it was rebuilt in 1988. The east gate is the gate to welcome the ambassadors and guests. Therefore, the gatehouse is spectacular and the urn is the largest. The Great North Gate, also known as Gongjimen, is the exit of the ancient post road leading to the Central Plains and the capital. People are used to sending relatives and friends on a long trip here, and they are used to folding willows to bless peace. Therefore, the Great North Gate is also known as Liumen. The name of the gate tower of Dabeimen is "Chaozong Tower", and the book below the ridge of the gate tower has the time to rebuild this building: it was rebuilt at the 18th year of Qing Daoguang's reign in September, 1988, and at the tenth day of Renxu's reign. The Great North Gate Tower is the only surviving ancient tower on the ancient city wall. This building is quaint and spectacular, and the films "Little Flower", "Long Road" and "Bells of Warring States" have all been filmed here. There are stairs in Binyang Building and Chaozong Building, where visitors can climb up and enjoy the charm of the ancient city.

in the 21st century, the ancient city of Jingzhou, which has experienced many vicissitudes, is full of vitality. The construction of a super-large park around the city has added a new landscape with rich connotations to this historical and cultural city: pedestrians on the city wall, driving on the inner ring road, horse racing on the outer ring road and boating on the moat.

/ginhoo_dwe/dwe/area/Area_Navigate.aspx? Dc_id=3168

Jingzhou Travel Guide

> > Ming xianling

is commonly known as the imperial tomb. It is the tomb of Zhu Youyuan (1476-1519), the biological father of Zhu Houxi, the Ming Emperor Shizong. It was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (154). Covering an area of about 6 mu, it is surrounded by vermilion high walls with a circumference of 3.6 kilometers. In front of it, there are two red doors, which are brick glazed tile-roofed beamless halls. Outside, there are two stone tablets, "Officials wait here to dismount", written by Yan Song. Slate paved with a 13-meter-long Shinto leads directly to the inner city. On both sides of Shinto, there are eight directions Yunlong Huabiao, a pair of lion, lion, camel, elephant, unicorn, kneeling horse and horse, and two pairs of stone men, including civil servants and military commanders. Neat and orderly, vivid in form. The main entrance of the inner city is the school gate, followed by the nuclear grace hall, all of which were destroyed at the end of the Ming Dynasty. There are still glass Qionghua, Shuanglong wall, palace stone foundation, stone carving railing and decapitation apron, all of which have high technological level. Finally, it is called Yucheng (also called Baocheng), surrounded by two tall earth mounds, which are the graves of Zhu Youhang and his wife Jiang. There is a bright building on the platform in front of the city, with a square plane and a side length of 9.2 meters, and it is covered with a double-eave-type yellow glazed tile roof. There is a tombstone in the building, which reads "Gong Rui offers the mausoleum of the emperor" in block letters. The drainage tunnel around the city head is decorated with 36 huge faucets carved with white marble, which is very spectacular. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Jingzhou was once a strategic place for disputes among Wei, Shu and Wu. For this extraordinary land, a big fight was launched to swallow mountains and rivers and shake history. They have not only produced many legendary stories for the world, but also left many interesting relics for Jingzhou, an ancient land.

> > Liu Bei and the Public Security Gate

The Public Security Gate is located in the southeast corner of the ancient city wall, also known as Xiaodongmen, and is the only water gate in the ancient city. Although the Watergate Wharf has long lost its function, the bluestone revetment railing above the wharf and the stone steps above and below the wharf are still clearly distinguishable. In 21 AD, Liu Bei, who set up camp in Gongan County, was lucky enough to borrow Jingzhou from Lu Su, who succeeded Zhou Yu in charge of the seal, and sent Guan Yu to guard it. He still set up camp in Gongan. After that, every time Liu Bei came to Jingzhou by the public security to inspect the defense, he went ashore and entered the city by waterway from Xiaodongmen Wharf. To commemorate this unforgettable history, later generations used the police station where Liu Bei was stationed as Xiaodongmen.

> > Desheng Street and Ximachi

Desheng Street is the street outside Jinshui Bridge at the north gate of Jingzhou City. Legend has it that when Guan Yu was guarding Jingzhou, he attacked Fancheng in the north and met Cao Jun in Mianshui. In this battle, Guan Yu flooded the seventh army, escaped from the ban and defeated Pound, and won a great victory. Guan Yu marched in triumph and entered the city through this street. People along the street spontaneously gathered on both sides to welcome the victorious soldiers, firecrackers sounded, drums burst, singing and dancing to celebrate the victory. This street is also named Desheng Street, and it has been used ever since. Guan Yu's triumphant return to the city was received with such a grand welcome. Seeing that his treasure was covered in dust on the red rabbit horse, he felt pity. Suddenly, he saw a crystal-clear pond on the east side of the north gate, so he rode to wash the red rabbit horse himself. Therefore, this pond was called the horse washing pool. For thousands of years, it has been talked about by the people and spread endlessly.

> >

the distribution platform and Paima Mountain are located in garden village, outside the west gate of Jingzhou City. It is said that Guan Yu built this high platform before attacking Coss in the north, paraded the generals and practiced the sergeants. Now, from a distance, it is green. To the northeast of Dianjiangtai, there is another hill, named Paima Mountain, which is not more than ten meters high. It is the place where Guan Yu practiced flattery before he attacked the North. Throughout the ages, the Dianjiangtai has always been a scenic spot of the Three Kingdoms. Tang You, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, came here to see things and write a touching poem of Jiangling Dianjiangtai: "The terrain is natural and the Chu River is wide, so it has been difficult to borrow Jingzhou since ancient times. A false smile is called a hundred steps? Hey? Xiong? ンンㄌ? t shop? Stupid? Kick? What's your skill? ā？ ヂ? Fighting scars? Forcing straw? Jueω umbrella! ? In December, 1986, Marshal Xu Xiangqian, the founding father of the country, personally wrote the plaque "Pointing to Taiwan".

> > Ma Paoquan and Luomao Tomb

Ma Paoquan is located in Ma Paoquan Village at the southern foot of Baling Mountain, which is another relic of the Three Kingdoms closely related to Guan Yu's mount of Red Rabbit and full of magical legends. The stone tablet of "Han Guan Gong Ma Paoquan Inscription" set by the spring in the 2th year of Qing Daoguang tells the reason. The inscription States: "When Liu Bei was besieged by Cao Cao in the sun, Guan Yu led his division to rescue him. After passing through this, the horses and men were trapped, thirsty and unable to move, and the red hare scratched the ground with its hoofs, holding its head high and screaming. Loyalty and righteousness touched the mountain god, and the stone opened and the spring gushed, and the people got a drink, and their energy revived, and they quickly went to Dangyang as a savior. " Ma Paoquan got its name from this. Paoquan is horseshoe-shaped. The spring water is clear and sweet, and it is inexhaustible after a long drought. The water contains more than 2 kinds of minerals. The local mineral water named Ma Paoquan has been developed and produced. Close to the hat-dropping platform on the east side of Ma Paoquan, it is said that Guan Yu went to Dangyang to relieve Liu Bei's danger and passed through this place. The battle hat was blown off by the strong wind, so he called this platform the hat-dropping platform. Every time we sew the Double Ninth Festival, people often come here to mourn and relax. When Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, boarded this platform, he once became a poet, leaving behind the eternal singing of "Nine Days of Longshan Drink": "Nine Days of Longshan Drink, Yellow Flowers Laugh and Drive Away, Drunk to Watch the Wind Drop Hats, Dance for the Moon to Keep People" There is a large-scale ancient tomb with sealed earth piles next to the hat-dropping platform, hence the name of the platform.

> > Guan gong curetted bones to cure poison

The History of the Three Kingdoms vividly records the story that Guan Yu was poisoned by an arrow and Hua Tuo curetted bones to cure poison for him. According to the records of Jingzhou local chronicles and folklore, Guan Yu's tiger account when he was guarding Jingzhou, in the area of Jingzhou Central Hospital today, the statue of Guan Yu when he was scraping bones to cure drugs, and Guan Yu's awe-inspiring expression of not afraid of scraping bones and great pain, is admirable and unforgettable.

> > Xiejia Mountain and Toujia Mountain

Xiejia Mountain is on the left side of the new south gate of the ancient city, and it is integrated with Tucheng Wall. Legend has it that Guan Yu often takes a nap here when he returns from winning the battle. Over time, people used to call this mountain Xiejia Mountain. Toujiashan is at the northwest wall of the ancient city. Guan Yu defended Jingzhou and won many battles. He became mentally paralyzed and underestimated his enemy. He didn't listen to Zhuge Liang's warning and his advisers' advice. As a result, he fell into the trap of Lu Meng and Lu Xun. Guan Yu was self-righteous and transferred a large number of defenders to Xiangyang.