What are the types of Fujian tulou? A guide to Fujian tulou tourism and transportation.

In ancient times, in order to resist foreign enemies, the Hakkas invented the earth building according to the Eight Diagrams geomantic omen, and after the population migrated to Fujian today, the earth building looks like what we see now. Tulou architecture embodies a typical social life, but in our current city, we don't know who lives opposite. If you are lucky, let's go and see Fujian Tulou together. Fujian Tulou

Fujian Tulou is also called "Hakka Tulou" because most of them were built by Hakka people in Fujian. Tulou originated in Song and Yuan Dynasties and matured in the late Ming, Qing and Republic of China. With soil, wood, stone and bamboo as the main building materials, the unbaked soil is mixed with a certain proportion of sandy clay and clayey sand, and rammed with sandwich panels to form a house with more than two floors.

Fujian tulou include Gaobei Tulou Group, Hongkeng Tulou Group, Chuxi Tulou Group, Yanxiang Tulou and Zhenfu Tulou in Yongding County, Tianluokeng Tulou Group, Hekeng Tulou Group, Guilou and Huaiyuan Tulou in Nanjing County, and Dadi Tulou Group in Hua' an County. Eryilou, located in Dadi Village, Xiandu Town, Hua 'an

County, is an outstanding representative of the ancient houses of Yuanshilou in China. It is known as "the king of earth buildings" and "the treasure of the country". It is famous for its large scale, scientific design, reasonable layout and well-preserved, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Fujian tulou, as a proud architectural form of Fujian Hakkas, is a treasure in Fujian

s folk houses. At the same time, human factors are added, which can be called the epitome of the combination of heaven, earth and people. Dozens of households and hundreds of people go to the first floor together, reflecting the family tradition of Hakka people living together and living in harmony. Therefore, a tulou history is a rural family history. The descendants of Tulou often can tell the origin of the family in Kan Kan without genealogy.

On July 6th, 28, it was officially listed in the World Heritage List at the 32nd World Heritage Conference held in Quebec City, Canada. What are the main types of earth buildings?

Square earth buildings

Square earth buildings, referred to as "square buildings", have many shapes such as square, rectangle, zigzag, herringbone and mesh. Viewed from the outside, the square building is surrounded by high walls, with regular corners and closed, and its defense function is very prominent.

Among the square earth buildings, the single-ring square earth buildings with three to four floors are the most, and a few are as high as five to six floors. The ground floor is used as kitchen, dining room or living room, the second floor is used as granary or bedroom, and the third and above floors are used as bedrooms. Large square buildings generally have four public wooden stairs, which are located at the four corners; Medium-sized square buildings generally have two wooden stairs, which are installed on the left and right sides of the gate; Smaller square buildings generally have a wooden staircase beside the gate hall.

There are public facilities such as rice paddies, rice paddies, stone mills and water wells in the Daduofang building, and there are private schools and simple stage in the large square building. The room allocation of residents in the building is usually from the first floor to the top floor with a vertical room for one household; There are also those who disrupt the staggered distribution, commonly known as "plum blossom room".

Among the existing square buildings, the oldest one is Fuxin Building, which has a history of about 7 years. The typical and famous square building is the heritage building of Gaobei Shanghai, which is a standard square building with a side length of 38 meters. Hegui Building in Meilinli Mountain is the tallest square building in Fujian earth building, which has been built in the swamp for more than 2 years and is still stable.

round earth building

round earth building is called "round building" for short, and Yongding locals call it "round building" or "round village". The * * * features of the round building are: the main buildings such as the gate and ancestral hall are on the central axis, and the buildings on both sides are symmetrical, which is the same as other kinds of earth buildings. According to the number of rings, it can be divided into single ring and multi-ring.

Generally, a circular building with a single ring has only two or three floors, and the highest one has five floors, with a patio in the middle. Some of them are small and exquisite, such as Rongchang Building in Pengkeng, Guzhu, with a diameter of 2 meters, 12 bays and 2 floors, and only one family lives. This pocket-sized small round building can be called a round villa.

There are also relatively large ones, such as the Fusheng Building in Chen Dongyan Taitai, which is 4 stories high and 84 meters in diameter, with 56 bays on each floor.

The multi-ring round building is large in scale and complex in structure, which has both overall unity and local flexibility. The most common is the two rings, such as the lake pit vibrating into a building. Of course, the building with the largest number of rings is Chengqi Building, which has four rings. The plane layout of the whole building echoes the taiji, two instruments, three elements, four images, eight diagrams, thirty-six weeks and sixty-four hexagrams in the Book of Changes.

Mansion-style earth building

Mansion-style earth building, also known as "Wufeng Building" and "Three Houses", is generally composed of "Three Houses and Two Falls".

the whole building has obvious central axis, some are completely symmetrical and some are asymmetrical. The front hall (commonly known as the lower hall or the entrance hall), nave (commonly known as the middle hall) and back hall (commonly known as the main building) on the central axis are called "three halls". The first two halls have 1-2 floors and the back hall has 2-5 floors. In the front hall and nave, nave and the back hall, a row of horizontal houses separated by patios are built on the left and right sides, which are collectively called "Two Falls". The whole building is structured, majestic and imposing. Direct transportation

Visitors coming from Fuzhou can take buses to Longyan and Zhangzhou in the south and north of Fuzhou, and then transfer to the through train from Longyan to Yongding Tulou after arriving at Longyan Bus Station, with more than one trip a day.

Visitors from Xiamen can take a bus to Hubin South Road in Xiamen to the major scenic spots of Tulou in Fujian.

chartered car

If you find the car inconvenient, you can also go there by chartered car. No one else fights, they are all our own; Freedom to leave and stop when you want; It is wisest for a few friends to come out to play and choose a chartered car.

traveling with a group

If you want to have fun without worry, of course, it is recommended to travel with a group, so that you can devote more energy to enjoying the scenery of tulou.