What are the elderly care models?

Abstract: Elderly care was originally an ancient ritual system in which old and capable people were selected, provided with food and wine on time, and treated with respect. So what are the types of elderly care models currently available in our country? China’s traditional elderly care models include home care, community care, and institutional care. The new models include medical care combined with care, Internet care, residence care, and housing care. Let’s take a look at the introduction and choose a suitable one for you. Pension mode! China’s traditional elderly care model: home care. Home care refers to the traditional elderly care method in which the elderly choose to live at home instead of living in a nursing home in accordance with my country’s national living habits to spend their later years peacefully.

Suitable for the crowd: Due to the influence of traditional culture, more Chinese elderly people still choose to live at home, especially the elderly and those who have certain prejudices or concerns about going to nursing homes and nursing homes for elderly care. elder.

Community-based elderly care is a new model of elderly care that combines home living with socialized door-to-door services. This model can ensure that the elderly, children, elderly care service personnel, and the government all get what they need, so that resources can be fully utilized. Community home care makes up for the shortcomings of family care and is a new model of care advocated by the government.

Suitable for: Empty-nesters whose children are too busy at work to take care of them and who don’t want to leave home. Details>>

Institutional nursing care includes nursing homes, retirement apartments and other situations. Elderly people who like to live in groups, especially lonely elderly people, live in nursing homes or form large elderly communities, organize a large number of elderly people to come and stay voluntarily, and provide all kinds of specialized services needed by the elderly in the communities. Institutional elderly care will be a major form of elderly care in the future.

Suitable for the crowd: single elderly people who like liveliness. Details>>

The new pension model combined with medical care and pension model effectively combines modern medical service technology with the pension security model, realizing the innovation of the pension security model of "treating patients with illnesses and recuperating without illnesses". At the same time, the elderly care needs and medical needs are taken into consideration, and it meets the basic living needs of the modern elderly "medical care needs".

Suitable for the crowd: It is especially suitable for disabled and semi-disabled elderly people who are in the recovery period from serious illness, patients with chronic diseases, and patients prone to relapse who cannot receive good care in the traditional elderly care model. Details >>

Residence and retirement care Nowadays, there are some migratory elderly people who buy houses in Qingdao, Harbin, Hangzhou, Haikou, Kunming and other scenic spots to provide sightseeing-style retirement care all year round.

Suitable for people: Old people who are in good physical condition after retirement and have very good economic conditions, and are willing to visit the great rivers and mountains of the motherland while their legs and feet are flexible. Details>>

Internet elderly care "Internet + home elderly care" is actually the integration of the Internet and traditional home elderly care services, but it is not a simple addition. The integration of the two refers to the use of Internet information technology to provide comprehensive, fast, flexible, low-cost and diverse home care services for the elderly at home.

Suitable for the crowd: urban elderly with good economic conditions. Details>>

Rural Retirement The fresh air, superior ecological environment, and low cost of living in rural areas have attracted many retired people to come here for retirement. Some urban elderly people originally had their hometown in the countryside, and they are returning to their roots after retirement; some elderly people have low incomes and feel that the cost of living in cities is expensive, so they hope to live more relaxedly in rural areas; some elderly people like to be close to nature and farm all day long. Growing flowers with grass, climbing mountains and playing in water, and being with nature all day long are also one of the great joys of life, so the rural elderly care model was born.

Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who have good self-care ability and like rural life but have average economic conditions.

House-based pension is a way of supporting the elderly by mortgaging or renting out their own property in order to receive a certain amount of pension on a regular basis or receive services from an elderly apartment. Through certain financial or non-financial mechanisms, the value contained in the house, especially the huge value that the house will retain after your death, can be cashed out during your lifetime to support your retirement. Housing for retirement has received great attention from society.

Suitable for the crowd: For the elderly who own a house, have no children or are unwilling to leave the property to their children.

The government proposes to establish a "9037" elderly care service system based on home, community-based, and institutional support (that is, 90% of the elderly receive care through home care with the assistance of social services, 7% of the elderly purchase community care services for their elderly care, and 3% of the elderly live in elderly care service institutions for centralized care). Among them, the home-based elderly care service market is the focus, with special attention being paid to the convenience and intelligence of home-based elderly care services.

The distinctive foreign pension model, the American pension model (1) ccrc pension model

CCRC originated from an organization founded by the American church and has a history of more than 100 years. CCRC is a complex elderly community that provides the elderly with residential facilities and services that integrate self-care, nursing care, and assistance, so that the elderly can continue to live in a familiar environment even when their health conditions and self-care abilities change. , and receive care services corresponding to their physical condition.

Suitable for people: elderly people with good family economic conditions and who like group living.

(2) Traveling & Going to Markets

In the United States, due to its high economic income, it has become popular for the elderly to travel after retirement. And use it as a way of leisure and a health care method to make yourself "not old" forever. In addition, "going to the market" is also a new fashion among the elderly. Not only can you buy fresh fruits and vegetables at the market, but you can also have a casual chat with acquaintances and old friends.

German pension model community activities & travel

Germans have a rich and colorful spare time life, and there are countless various community activities. The elderly are often the backbone because they have a lot of time after retirement. Club activities bring people with the same hobbies together. Everyone can exercise and exchange experiences with each other. Vacationing and visiting relatives and friends are one of the great joys in the life of the elderly in Germany. There are many vacation projects for the elderly throughout the year.

French elderly care model tourism & settlement in elderly villages

French elderly people like to travel around and enjoy life. The French government has designed "senior villages" specifically for the elderly. Various cultural and entertainment activities, such as bridge, dances, concerts, forest picnics and water gymnastics, have become spiritual food for the elderly.

Japanese elderly care model community activities & "part-time work"

In addition to daily health care activities and entertainment life, the vast majority of Japanese elderly people often participate in community activities and maintain contact with social groups .

There are also old people who go to "work". For example, there is a restaurant called "Shangdai School" where all the "migrant workers" are old people. They all hand-make soba noodles and use local soba noodles. Customers have praised the delicious soba noodles, making the restaurant very popular.

Singapore’s elderly care model Singapore is a country that has relatively successfully implemented the housing elderly care model. Retirees mortgage their homes to financial institutions and receive monthly cash income from the financial institutions. The retirees still live in their homes. However, the overall proportion of this model is very low, and it is only an optional way to provide for the elderly.

Rural pension model: Raising children to protect the elderly is still the main force in rural elderly care

Since ancient times, childbirth has assumed part of the insurance function. Raising children to protect the elderly is a natural insurance for every household, and it is also a natural insurance for every household. A "long-term investment" of a family's economic surplus. Although the current laws increasingly favor natural persons and try to weaken or even break the intergenerational relationship in the family, it cannot be otherwise. The age-old custom of raising children to protect them in old age is still deeply rooted in the bones of every Chinese.

Who can we rely on for rural pension? Mainly depends on children and relatives. When the elderly couple is capable, they depend on each other, and when they are unable to move, their children jointly support the elderly. This will still be the most important way to support the elderly in rural areas in the future.

Providing support to the elderly is an obligation stipulated by law.

Don’t count on pensions and government subsidies.

Although rural elderly people also receive pensions every year, they are only about 80 yuan per month. The government's pension policy is basic and plays a limited role in the process of farmers' pension. This money can only guarantee the most basic life of farmers, but cannot guarantee the comfortable life of the elderly in rural areas.

No matter how pensions increase in the future, every elderly person must have a clear understanding of this position and cannot put their money on the government's inclusive pension policy.

Pingluo County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, has been exploring “land-based elderly care” since 2013. The specific method is to acquire contracted land management rights and homestead use rights from elderly farmers at market prices. Their houses are generally priced at 90,000 yuan, and contracted land is 9,000 yuan per mu. Farmers use the proceeds to move into nursing homes. In addition to Ningxia, many regions across the country are testing the waters of "land-based elderly care", such as Hebei, Zhejiang, Shandong and other places, and the approaches are similar.

There are policies that allow farmers to use houses and land to provide for their retirement. This is of course an improvement in policy. In pilot areas, houses can generally be priced at RMB 100,000. For rural elderly, if the requirements are not high, the RMB 100,000 can still last for several years.

Rural collective equity transfer Rural collective property rights reform is ongoing. Each village has an average of several million collective assets. These assets must be equally confirmed to village collective members, especially in rural areas along the eastern coast. Collectives The total amount of assets is considerable, and there are generous dividends every year. At the same time, this equity will also be tradable in the future.

Through the rural collective assets of each farmer’s headlines, it is also a way to support farmers’ retirement.

Other elderly care models (1) Remote elderly care

In view of the huge differences in housing prices, living costs and ecological environment in different regions, from those big cities with high living costs and poor living environment Move out and move to towns where the ecological environment is superior and the cost of living is low.

Suitable for the crowd: Elderly people who are not in good financial condition but like to travel, traveling and retiring.

(2) Selling houses for nursing homes

The elderly sell their houses and use the money to live in better nursing homes for retirement, which can not only save social resources, but also make people more comfortable. Retirement life adds a lot of fun. Sending part of the house sale proceeds to a life insurance company to apply for retirement life insurance can protect your life without worries in your later years.

Suitable for people: elderly people who own real estate, do not want to live with their children, and like to be lively.

(3) Sale and leaseback

People sell their houses with full property rights first, and then achieve the goal of housing for retirement through "sale and leaseback". Not only can you obtain a large sum of money for retirement living, but you can also maintain the long-term and even lifelong right to use the house or even the original house in your old age. You can still have a house to live in, which adds a considerable insurance factor to the better pension for the elderly. .

Suitable for people: elderly people who are unwilling to leave home and are more cautious in investing.

(4) Renting a house for elderly care

People rent out their houses with full property rights first, and then rent another house to live in or move into a retirement apartment or nursing home to achieve the goal of housing for the elderly. It not only guarantees a house to live in in old age, and obtains continuous and stable rental income for retirement life, but also ensures that the original house can still be passed down to the children after one's death, which is in line with the Chinese tradition of raising children for old age and inheriting inheritance. custom.

Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who have more than one house or whose housing area is large.

(5) Base-based elderly care

In areas with superior ecological environment, convenient transportation and relatively underdeveloped economy around big cities, large-scale elderly care bases will be built to voluntarily provide the elderly in the city with Move in and implement base care. This approach can not only greatly improve the taste and quality of life of elderly care, but also relatively save the cost of elderly care. After the elderly live in the base for retirement, they can also revitalize the value of the idle housing they originally lived in the city by renting or selling it.

Suitable for people: elderly people with certain financial strength who like to be close to nature but do not want to stray too far from home.

(6) Exchange a big house for a small house

After the elderly retire, they sell the big house they originally lived in, buy a small house suitable for living, and use the difference between the sale and purchase of the house to invest in the stock market. Or bond investment can provide more powerful protection for retirement. The elderly can also apply for pension annuity life insurance with the difference, withdraw cash every year for retirement, and then use the small house as a house for retirement in a certain year to continue to receive cash inflow to support them in their old age. Or sell this small house and live in a nursing home to spend your remaining years.

Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who live in a relatively central location in the urban area.

(7) Co-living for the elderly

Some elderly people can negotiate to sell their houses, pool their money together, make a special combination for the elderly care issues, and jointly purchase in a better location In a house with a larger area and better functions, everyone can live together, buy a house together, and share the living expenses, forming a retirement life together. The cost of retirement living has also been greatly reduced, and the feeling of loneliness and emptiness has been eliminated.

Suitable for: a number of like-minded elderly people with low income and poor housing environment.

(8) Centralized elderly care

In rural areas of Zhejiang Province, elderly care institutions are organized in towns and villages to appropriately gather the elderly people with "three noes" in the villages to live together for elderly care, and the government pays for it. . This move solved many problems of rural elderly people and was well received.

Suitable people: Elderly people in rural areas who have no children, no fixed income, and no legal support obligations.

(9) Selling a house for retirement at home

Many families in the United States have a unique transaction behavior of selling a house for retirement within the family. Parents sell their own homes to their children in exchange for the house money for pensions. This is to clearly mark the support and inheritance relationship between parents and children in the form of money and exchange it at equal value. This is a big blow to children who are unwilling to support their parents and only like to inherit real estate.

Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who are easy to accept new ideas.

(10) Hourly care for the elderly

In the residential community, one or two elderly care centers, or elderly activity rooms, etc. are established like kindergartens to provide food, entertainment, and books to the elderly. Wait, the elderly take care of themselves here during the day, and the children also feel at ease.

Suitable for the crowd: the elderly living in the community.

(11) Bequest and support

The old man agrees with his relatives and friends that the other party will be responsible for raising him, and after his death, he will bequeath his house to the other party. This is a "legacy support" model that has been widely circulated among civil society in my country for thousands of years and is still recognized by national law today. It has a long history as the originator of “you give me a house and I will provide for you in old age” exchange for housing.

Suitable for people: elderly people who have no children and want to live with familiar people.

(12) Recruiting for elderly care

The elderly recruit young college students as tenants at home, which eliminates the dullness of the past. They not only have more people to take care of them, but also have a considerable amount of rent. It supplements living expenses; for young college students, it also helps solve housing and emotional home problems; the city's housing resources are also better utilized, which greatly eases the housing tension, which can be said to kill three birds with one stone.

Suitable for the crowd: lonely elderly people in the city.

(13) Small family elderly care

Use your own house to decorate it into a place suitable for the elderly to live, usually with about 10 beds, and hire caregivers or former family members For serv dependents.

Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who are semi-autonomous and unable to take care of themselves.

(14) Monetized elderly care

Monetized elderly care means that relevant departments allocate certain funds and issue them to extremely poor elderly people in the form of currency coupons. The elderly can use the coupons to buy them in the community. services to achieve home care.

Suitable for people: extremely poor people in cities and lonely elderly people.

(15) Consumption pension plan

Without changing consumer consumption habits and market business habits, through daily consumption, state-authorized units can increase pension savings through a certain proportion of consumption points. gold.