Parenting Diary (1) grows in stages.

Cognitive development of infants of different ages;

1. Reference for the development of baby's fine movements

Two months to find your hand.

I can grasp my parents' fingers in 4 months, and I can look up well.

A 6-month-old baby can start learning gestures when he is 6 months old, but you don't have to stick to the time. As long as you find him trying to start gesturing, you can start teaching him.

Seven months can easily put things in your mouth.

1 year-old will point to something.

From 8 months to 1 year old, I really speak consciously.

Eight months ago, my baby hummed all Malik-Mom-Mom, Dad-Dad and Dad-Mom. He sounds like he's talking about' dad',' mom' and' grandma', but in fact he's just groping for the rules of pronunciation and doesn't understand the meaning of these words. "He really speaks consciously, which is about 1 eight months old. So, calling mom now is really calling you. If you want to test whether he really understands the meaning of' mom', you can let others ask him,' Where is mom?

1 3 months old, you can use a spoon or other common items to pick up items with your thumb and forefinger.

At the age of 3, you can build more than 4 blocks. Can draw. Very interested in toys.

10- 14-month-old baby, the most concerned at this stage is the name of the object. For example, if the baby points to something and looks at you with excited eyes, you should return with your eyes and tell him, "This is a car." Remember to speak slowly and emphasize the key words.

Summary: How to guide the baby to exercise fine movements?

For example, tearing paper, scooping water with a spoon and so on, I believe we don't need to say more, everyone already knows it very well.

So on the other hand, parents and friends should try not to do anything that affects the baby's fine motor development.

Many times, children like to grab food with their little hands, pinch it and put it in their mouths. Although more food fell into his mouth than they ate, he still enjoyed it.

At this time, parents and friends should not let the baby eat by himself just because he has cooked food everywhere, because this is a good opportunity to exercise his fine movements.

In addition, parents should leave room for their baby to fully experience with their hands, so put away things that are not suitable for him to touch.

If children often hear "Don't touch the TV!" "Don't touch the glass!" "Don't scribble everywhere!" He may become passive and slow. The house should be made safer so that children can walk around, instead of warning him not to touch here or go there.

Of course, fine motor training can't be ahead of schedule, otherwise, when children can't meet their parents' requirements, they will easily feel frustrated and their enthusiasm and self-confidence will be hit.

2. Develop your baby's language and reading ability.

0-3 years old mainly play with children, mainly interactive reading, cultivate the baby's enthusiasm for reading the book itself, and then gradually instill some literacy awareness into the child.

/kloc-Most children aged 0/are nursery rhymes of pictures and books that can be "played". One-year-old babies look at that collection of nursery rhymes, and most of them are pictures with catchy nursery rhymes. The main task at this time is not to make the child literate, but to make the baby interested in books and make him feel, oh, books are quite interesting. And nursery rhymes have a sense of rhythm.

You can also choose some particularly interesting books, such as pop-up books. After opening, castles, hills and houses are all stacked with paper, or touch books made of different materials. There is also a kind of book called books, which will make a sound when pinched, making him like to touch and pinch books, and also cultivating his fine movements.

1 year and a half are mainly story books and illustrated instructions.

After a year and a half, he gradually began to have the concept of words, but don't worry about teaching him to read. Choose books that are mainly pictures and have only a few words. You can slowly transition from nursery rhymes to story books, or explanatory books, such as science and animals, but you must pay attention to the simple plot of this story book and the good combination of pictures and words. In other words, painting mainly reflects the information of words. In this way, when a child looks at a picture, you read words to him, and he can understand them at once, and then he naturally learns the meaning of these words.

The same is true of explanatory books. Children must always see information they are familiar with or interested in, such as apples they eat and cars they drive, so it is easy to associate pictures with words.

Also, although children's songs are not written now, we should pay attention to the sense of rhythm, preferably catchy language, because children are more interested in this language and remember it more firmly.

Diversified picture books for 2-3 years old

After two to three years old, children should pay attention to the types, different shapes, different sizes, different colors, different picture styles and different themes of picture books, so as to fully stimulate children's brain development.

At this time, the baby should be familiar with this book, knowing that it is a very interesting thing, and if it is a book he has read many times, he will take the initiative to pick it up and find things and people he knows. Children who read a lot can understand stories after the age of three, and even tell stories to others according to pictures.

When reading with him, I have a little skill, that is, reading. It is when you reach out and point to a word and read it to your child. Follow your fingers, she will read words, look at pictures, and then listen to what I say, and naturally learn words.

The advantage of finger reading is to emphasize children's font awareness. Because at this time, children are just beginning to read, they must first have "glyph awareness", that is, they realize that words and characters not only have different meanings, but also have different shapes, and each word has a corresponding pronunciation. With the understanding of glyphs, he began to slowly develop the ability to distinguish and remember different characters.

After the age of 2, children will gradually lose the ability to distinguish those sounds that are not their mother tongue. The earlier you learn a foreign language, the better.

When I was about 3 years old.

He has gradually been able to cope with a series of complicated things in life. His understanding of the world, others and his ability to integrate thinking have all been developed, and you will find that children can start telling stories by themselves.

Children before the age of 6

Understandable means that he can express twice as many words.

3. The emotional and emotional development that the baby needs to be valued.

What is self-awareness? Self-awareness is the baby's understanding of himself and his relationship with others. In fact, when we were born, we didn't have my concept and wouldn't use my words to express it. It is in the process of individual growth that the concept of "I" is gradually derived. At different ages, children's self-awareness actually has different development tasks.

1 year old, about one year old, I will appear as the main body.

Behavioral characteristics: at the age of one, children like to throw things, and after throwing them out, they want their parents to pick them up.

This repeated throwing behavior of a one-year-old child is actually an experience: my behavior has an impact on others, which means that I am throwing things and you are picking them up. The world revolves around me, and I can exert some personal influence on the objective environment by throwing it away. So at this time, my topic came into being.

Therefore, parents should not underestimate the repeated throwing behavior of children around one year old, which is based on psychology.

My date when I was about 2 years old.

What do you mean by objecting to me? The children began to realize that this was a baby, a baby in the mirror and a baby in the photo. The recorded video is also a baby. Then when the child was about two years old, he began to address himself and others with personal pronouns like you, me and him. When this personal pronoun appears and the object I appears, we say that this is a great leap in self-awareness.

At the age of 3, self-esteem is the most important emotional experience for children at this stage.

Moreover, at the age of three, children's emotions will shift from some emotions related to physical needs to those related to social interaction. Then emotions related to physical needs include happiness, anger and sadness, while social emotions include self-esteem and shame. This kind of emotion actually means that children's socialization is getting more and more perfect.

Studies have shown that 10% of three-year-old children, 60% of four-year-old children, 80% of five-year-old children and 90% of six-year-old children can experience self-esteem. In other words, only 10% of three-year-old children have experienced this emotional experience of self-esteem, and by the age of six, self-esteem has risen to 90% of children. So at the age of 3-6, children's self-esteem develops very rapidly.

Why do we attach so much importance to the development of self-esteem of children aged 3-6?

Self-esteem can predict children's emotional development in adulthood: children with high self-esteem will have higher life satisfaction and happiness; However, children with low self-esteem will encounter more negative emotions and maladjustment of school environment when they grow up. Therefore, at the age of 3-6, we should pay more attention to children's self-esteem.

What are the factors that affect children's self-esteem?

On the one hand, it comes from the parenting style of parents.

Parental rearing patterns, such as warm, caring, strict and clear requirements, give children certain choices and have a certain democratic atmosphere. Parents lead by example, which is conducive to the development of children's self-esteem to a high level.

On the one hand, peer relationship from kindergarten.

From the perspective of kindergarten, do you get along well with your peers? Is the child accepted by the group? These will also affect the development of his self-esteem.

A very important turning point in our life will occur in the period of 3-4 years old, which is called the first rebellious period.

The first rebellious period mainly means that children will be required to have their own freedom in behavior, to embody their own will, and to resist the control of their parents or other caregivers.

Psychologically speaking, babies should realize their self-worth and act according to their own will. I hope my parents and close people will realize that I am very capable when they grow up, and I also hope to leave such an impression on adults.

What kind of performance will the child have in the first rebellious period?

Take the initiative to participate in adult activities, and you can do what others can do. Moreover, once you think that what you can or want to do is replaced by an adult, you will often insist on going back to the original state and doing it again by yourself. Often say no against parents' wishes.

How should parents respond?

In the face of children's rebellious mood in the first rebellious period, our parents should face it rationally, distinguish right from wrong and guide the situation.

First of all, to face it rationally, parents should realize that the first rebellious period is a normal phenomenon in the development of children, and every child has to go through this process. Just a few months before and after the age stage, the age may be wrong.

The second is to distinguish the key points. We need to recognize the core focus of the contradiction in the rebellious period, not that the child is disobedient, but that the child wants to make sure that I have grown up, and he is seeking this sense of growth, while our parents do not agree that the three-or four-year-old child has grown up, so the two sides have different perceptions of maturity.

The third principle in the face of the rebellious period is to make the best use of the situation. On the one hand, we should meet the needs of children's psychological development, on the other hand, we should create conditions to promote children's psychological development as an opportunity. We have some suggestions for specific practices:

For example, we can meet the needs of children to participate in social life by playing some games that play social roles. For example, in Beijing or many cities in China, there are some theme parks similar to role-playing, in which children can play the role of chef, conductor or people's policeman, so as to simulate this kind of interpersonal communication in real life and meet some of their psychological needs.

At the same time, we should cultivate and persistently train children's self-care ability and housework ability, so that they can feel that I am really capable.

The third is to create conditions to cultivate children's specialties and advantages in art and logic in a targeted manner, so that children can gain a sense of accomplishment. In what ways do I have a talent for painting? I have a talent for music, which gives children self-esteem and self-confidence.

Therefore, the first rebellious period is not terrible. The key is our parents. Our parents should actively guide and help their children to get through such an important turning point in life and lay a good foundation for their future development.

Share a case in a psychology book: a pair of sisters, the younger sister committed suicide after falling in love, the older sister has never been married, and she is still single at the age of 40. Because my parents divorced when I was a child, my sister was 2 years old when I was abandoned by my father, and my sister officially established a sense of security when she was 4 years old. The departure of their father made the two sisters feel anxious about separation. My sister is 2 years old and has an inferiority complex. My sister developed hatred when she was 4 years old.