Old Photo Album - Gardens of the Late Qing Dynasty Yuyuan

The Yuyuan Garden, also known as the Hu Family Garden, is located at No. 1 Hu Family Garden, Laomen West, Qinhuai District, Nanjing City. It is a famous Jiangnan garden in the late Qing Dynasty and is known as the "Jinling Lion Garden". It stretches from north to south. 240 meters, about 100 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of ??about 33,600 square meters, and consists of two parts: the house and the garden. The biggest feature of the entire garden is the use of water and stones to win the victory. There is a saying that "the eyes are tired of seeing the beauty in the city, and the water and rocks in the Yuyuan Garden are amazing." In the 1930s, when Professor Tong Huan, a famous architect, visited Yuyuan Garden, he once commented: "After the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, new gardens emerged in Nanjing. There are still several gardens in existence today, with Yuyuan Garden being the most famous."

Yuyuan, first known as Fengtai Garden in the Song Dynasty, became the "Weigong West Garden" in the Ming Dynasty as the villa of Xu Fu, the fifth generation of King Xu Da of Zhongshan. After the decline of the Xu family, the garden changed owners successively and became "Wang Garden" and "Wu Garden" ". After Qianlong, the garden gradually declined. In the 13th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1874), Hu Enxie, the governor-elect of Suzhou, purchased the deserted site of the West Garden and spent a lot of money to build the Yuyuan Garden the following year. When Hu Enxie was successful in his official career, he resigned and returned home to support his old mother. He "thought himself stupid and changed its name to Yuyuan." It can be said that he is "as wise as a fool", but the people are accustomed to call it "Hu Family Garden". Hu Enxie: He once served as a general of the Qing army and fought against the Taiping Army. He also joined the government offices of Jiangning Weaving and Suzhou Weaving, and later organized the Xuzhou Coal and Iron Mining Affairs. His political achievements were outstanding, and he was written into the "Manuscript of the History of the Qing Dynasty" for his "loyalty, filial piety and great virtue".

Yuyuan Garden has suffered from wars many times in its history. It was first destroyed by Zhang Xun’s braided soldiers who restored the Qing Dynasty. Later, it was restored and expanded by the Hu family with all their efforts, but it was also destroyed by the Japanese invaders who occupied Nanjing during the Anti-Japanese War. After the victory, the Hu family fell into decline and no longer had the financial resources to repair it. The descendants could only make a living by opening a teahouse in the garden and selling paintings and calligraphy. After liberation, Yuyuan became a place where residents lived together. In recent years, after five years of renovation, the historical appearance of Yuyuan has been restored again, and it was officially opened to the public in May 2016.

The first building you see when entering the Yuyuan Garden is the "Autumn Water Jianjia Pavilion". The name of the pavilion is taken from "The Book of Songs Qin Feng Jiajia". It is the place where the owner of the garden, Hu Enxie, enjoys lotuses and reads. You can visit it in front of the pavilion. The view of Yuhu Lake is "on the water side". Couplet: It is a joy to travel to the mountains by the water and chant, and to observe the sky and the earth and embrace each other.

The Taihu Stone is located under the east wall of Qiushui Jianjia Museum. The use of water stone to win is a major feature of Yuyuan.

The square pavilion in Yuhu Lake is "on the water side".

The Kegeng Thatched Cottage, located on the south side of the entrance to Yuyuan, was the place where the descendants of the Hu family learned to farm and irrigate the garden. When Hu Enxie was alive, he attached great importance to farming and gardening. He often gathered the women and children of his family here to give demonstrations, watering and planting flowers and trees, or going to the fields to cultivate grains, so as to educate and let them understand: "Plowing, rain, hoeing, and clouds are all business", and "cloaks and wiping clouds are all business". The moon is always leisurely."

Yuyuan Garden is divided into two gardens: the inner and outer gardens. The outer garden can enjoy the panoramic scenery of Yuhu Lake, and the inner garden can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the rockery. Qingyuan Hall is the main hall of the outer hall of the inner garden, located in the south of the rockery and the north of Yuhu Lake. It has five bays on the top of a hard mountain, floor-to-ceiling doors and windows, and is spacious and bright. It was once famous in Jinling for its beautiful scenery in front of and behind the house. The platform deep into the lake in front of the hall was the place where celebrities from the late Qing Dynasty, such as Li Hongzhang, Zeng Guoquan, Zhang Zhidong, etc., came here to visit the gathering, enjoy the scenery and the moon, and recite poems and couplets. Couplet outside the door: Take a seat and feel love for eternity; When the window is safe, the mountains of the Six Dynasties are safe.

The Qingshan Reading Building has three rooms and two floors, with small tiles covering the roof and floor-to-ceiling doors and windows. It is the library of the Hu family. There are books upstairs, and a reading room for descendants downstairs. Hu Enxie once wrote a poem: "Young people don't know how to learn, and old people are ashamed of having an empty stomach. Close the house and dabble occasionally, but the daily hardship is not enough. Build a building to collect books, hoping that future generations will read them. If you say you can't read, the difference is better than hiding gold and jade." According to According to records, the library contained more than 10,000 volumes of books at its peak.

Shuishiju is located to the east of Qingshan Bedou Building, separated by a wall from "Qingyuan Hall", and the scenery is not inferior. Hu Enxie once recited a poem praising it: "The south window faces the clear stream, and the north window faces the steep rocks. The pond is filled with lotus flowers, and the fragrance grows on several tables. There is no need to play the piano, and there is no need to play chess. When guests come, be careful not to see them off, and sit and lie down where they can. ". Later, it was the secret room where Hu Enxie's heir, Hu Guangguo, cultivated his character. Friends came to visit, and Hu Guangguo often gathered with them in this room to keep warm in winter and enjoy flowers in spring and summer.

Entering the Moon Cave Gate, you will reach the rockery in the inner garden, which is modeled after Suzhou gardens.

The rockery in the inner garden is called the "Jinling Lion Forest". There is not only the "Xiao Canglang" pavilion in the Lion Grove, but also a hexagonal pavilion named "Qi Pavilion" and "Little Mountain Beauty" on the rockery on the east and west sides.

There are not only rockeries in the garden, but also many fruit trees of various kinds. The ones that are now bearing fruit include pomegranate, grapefruit, wolfberry and hawthorn.

It is also the time when the maple leaves are red when the trees are weighed down by the abundant fruits.

A section of the whitewash wall is directly hollowed out to form leaves and flower patterns on the whitewashed wall. The shape is unique and the flower window is unique, which adds to the beauty of the garden.

Rong'an Lodge, located in the north of Lion Forest, is the living area of ??the Hu family. It has a kitchen, a dining room, a servant's room, a granary, etc. Sitting north and facing south, there is a plaque on the door "Rong'an Xiaoshe", and a couplet on the door: Take a seat and have love for eternity. When the window is safe, there will be six mountains facing the mountains.

Couplet: Be content with everything, and be content with nothing.

In the corridor, there are holes and windows of different shapes and styles, which frame the scenery outside the wall into the windows.

fenyinxuan means borrowing the remaining shade. There is an ancient ginkgo tree outside the wall of Yuyuan. The shade formed by the tree extends over the wall and covers a corner of Yuyuan. Hu Enxie wrote in a poem: "Divide this half of the shade to protect my name and the flowers will bloom."

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Chunhui Hall is located in the courtyard surrounded by Fenyinxuan and long corridors. It was specially built by Hu Enxie to support his mother and repay the kindness of raising him. It is also a place where the owner of the garden holds important activities. Chunhui Hall The name is taken from the sentence "Who knows that the heart of an inch of grass will be rewarded with three spring rays" in Meng Jiao's "Wandering Ziyin": The spring light of an inch of grass is as long as gold and stone; the house in the famous garden and green water lives on the terrace.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. , Yuyuan became a place for famous people to come and meet, and important officials of the late Qing Dynasty’s Westernization movement such as Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang, and Zhang Zhidong were all guests here. On March 29, 1912, Sun Yat-sen, the interim president of the Republic of China, and the Nanjing Provisional Government. The general deputy ministers of various ministries, the garrison governor, and the commanders of military divisions and brigades held a farewell meeting in Yuyuan. After the meeting, they took a group photo in front of Chunhui Hall and formally resigned from the post of interim president.

Bajiaodong in the corridor.

Wuyin Jingshe is the Buddhist temple where Hu Enxie's mother chanted sutras and worshiped Buddha. The surrounding trees are lush, the flowers are breathtaking, and the environment is quiet.

? Moon Cave Gate, "Hibiscus in the Mirror".

Looking east to the "Waterside" in Yuhu Lake?

The flower and bonsai room in the west of the lake

I don't know what the name of this two-story building is. /p>

The "Willow Bank Waves" Pavilion is located on the west bank of Yuhu Lake. It is a place to watch the lake, admire willows, and take a rest in the garden.

After walking across the small stone bridge, you start to walk up a not-too-high bridge. Hill, this is also the only mountain in Yuyuan, Chunshuixuan is built on the gentle slope in the west of the lake. It faces east and is shaped like the word "concave". It has small tiles covering the top, floor-to-ceiling doors and windows, and a sign with "Chunshuixuan" written on it. "A plaque with gold characters on a black background hangs under the eaves. Xuan couplet: Get off the couch and stay with the guests, let me sleep soundly, let me be lazy, open the Xuan Xuan, get drunk, treat him as a scholar, and treat him as a beautiful lady. By the roadside, the hibiscus flowers are blooming in full bloom, competing for their beauty. , smiling in the autumn wind. Hibiscus, also known as hibiscus and frost-resistant flower, is a deciduous shrub or small tree of the Malvaceae family.

There are countless hibiscus flowers near the water, and the dew stain is not thick. It's like a beauty who is drunk for the first time, holding up the green mirror to put on makeup. "Wood Hibiscus" - Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty

Looking at the "Autumn Water Jianjia Pavilion" from the mountain road

When you arrive at the top of the hill, The courtyard here is called the "urban forest", and there are several teahouses inside. It is a place to enjoy the fragrance of tea and practice tea art. Couplet: Drinking tea is as beautiful as the golden moon and spring clouds. p>The sunset flowers and purple bamboo plums on the fence compete with each other.

Looking down the mountain, the lake-light pavilion is right in front of you.

The Yanqing Pavilion is two meters high. The first floor is located on the hillside in the southeast of Yuyuan. Because "when you climb up the pavilion, you can see the mountains in the northeast, which are like smoke and clouds. It is named "Yanqing" because of the rockery on the east side of Yanqing Pavilion. You can go up to the second floor of Yanqing Pavilion.

Go all the way back to Kegeng Cottage, and you are now close to the east gate of Yuyuan.

The green mountains in the distance are accompanied by reading. Building

"On the water side" in the center of Yuhu Lake

The moon cave door in and out of the inner garden, the Taihu stone inside the door is like a tiger and a lion.

When you walk out of Yuyuan. There are also hollow patterns of flowers and plants on the whitewashed wall outside the garden. This kind of wall has never been seen elsewhere, only in this Foolish Garden. Nanjing, the beautiful land in the south of the Yangtze River, the imperial state of Jinling, the ancient capital of six dynasties, and the city of ten dynasties, has a rich historical and cultural heritage. Leave the cup alone.