Introduction of expressway Landscape Design Code?

What is the standard basis of landscape design in expressway? What is the purpose of specification? Zhong Da Consulting Company made the following introduction to "expressway Landscape Design Code".

First, the basis of planning

1. Relevant national regulations and construction standards for green space construction in urban construction;

2. Relevant laws and regulations in Code for Planning and Design of Urban Road Greening, Code for Design of Parks (CJJ 48-92), Urban Planning Law, Environmental Protection Law, Cultural Relics Protection Law and Land Law;

3. expressway construction design scheme;

4. Experience in urban green space and greening construction in expressway at home and abroad;

5. Various technical materials provided by the bidding office or Party A;

Second, the purpose of planning

1. Clarify the purpose of road construction, such as whether it belongs to expressway between cities or expressway between tourist attractions, and its requirements are different;

2. According to different roads, make different basic structures, elements, land use layout, land use scale, boundaries and cross-sectional forms of highway landscape;

3. Short-term and long-term expected effects;

Third, the geographical overview

1. Natural conditions: Understand the landform, landscape features, trends, altitude, hydrometeorology and other data of the highway crossing area;

2. Historical context: the social, historical and cultural characteristics between cities or tourist spots, between two points and one line, and any valuable clues that help to excavate the human landscape can be used as design themes;

3. Attraction reward: Knowing the reward status of other scenic spots along the route is conducive to the macro-control and overall arrangement of highway landscape layout, and will not make the service radius between scenic spots too small;

Fourthly, the determination of design principles.

High-grade highway is one of the national and even local key projects that are planned and constructed after approval by relevant state departments. At the same time, the nature, function and short-term and long-term construction objectives of the road are determined when the project is approved and submitted for approval. On this basis, according to natural factors such as geographical scope, topography and site conditions, and humanistic factors such as regional characteristics, cultural relics, customs and habits, the corresponding design principles are determined. Generally speaking, the following aspects should be achieved.

1. On the premise of adapting to local conditions.

Strengthen the combined utilization of the current terrain, design the terrain suitable for trees and grass, and achieve good visual and environmental effects on the premise of minimizing the amount of work. This is in line with the basic design idea of China's gardens, that is, "Although it is man-made, it will bloom naturally".

2. Based on environmental protection

Expressway's construction must be based on environmental protection and act in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations, so as to truly embark on a virtuous circle of sustainable development. Otherwise it will leave a legacy to future generations.

3. Guided by aesthetic theory

The formation of highway landscape can not be separated from the requirements of social aesthetics. Because of the nature and function of the road, it is decided that the road landscape may override the traffic function and become the first consideration. On the premise of satisfying its functions, corresponding planning and design must be carried out under the guidance of aesthetic theory.

It is characterized by its unique style.

High-grade highways are generally located between cities (also between tourist spots), and their cross-regional and cross-regional characteristics are very obvious. Therefore, only by fully combining regional characteristics and humanistic characteristics can we create a distinctive road landscape.

5. Take both advantages into consideration.

The purpose of expressway's construction is to develop economy and improve social productivity, and its economic and social benefits are self-evident. However, whether the environmental benefits can be maximized after completion is one of the important contents that need to be taken seriously, comprehensively investigated and carefully analyzed, which runs through the whole process of the project from feasibility analysis, project approval, survey and design, construction process and later maintenance management.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) landscape structure

The landscape structure of expressway consists of the following parts.

1, isolated landscape

The landscape of expressway isolation belt is generally 3-5 meters, with tall trees, and the height is controlled at 1.3― 1.5 meters, which needs careful maintenance and management in the later period.

2. Interchange landscape

Functionally speaking, the interchange is the node in the overall structure of expressway, and it is also the entrance and exit when crossing other roads. From the perspective of landscape composition, it is the part with the largest parking lot, the best site conditions and the strongest plasticity of landscape setting in highway landscape design. Therefore, it can be regarded as one of the most important components of highway landscape structure, and it is often associated with the entrance management area for unified consideration and overall layout.

Small crown plants are used for planting and cannot be used.

It needs careful maintenance in the later stage.

3. Banded scenes on both sides

In the part where expressway is connected with the urban area, the strip landscape on both sides has the function of preventing expansion; The setting of green belts on both sides of the road, together with the central isolation belt of the road, constitutes the basic structure of "two boards and three belts"

4. Slope cover landscape

Slope has a strong slope protection function, which can prevent the slope of the road from being washed by rain to form part of soil erosion, and even cause the collapse of subgrade; In the sense of landscaping, it is like a road floating on green vegetation, so this landscape has a strong dual role, and at the same time it is not as strict as the central isolation belt and has certain plasticity.

5. Rest stop scenery

When the length of expressway is greater than 100 km, a rest stop should be set up, generally every 50 km or so, for drivers and passengers to stop and rest. Rest stops also include deceleration lanes, acceleration lanes, parking lots, gas stations, auto repair facilities, restaurants, shops, toilets and other service facilities. Landscape design should not only meet the functional requirements, but also have strong pertinence.

Garden design of intransitive verbs

1. Landscape sequence composition

Although the highway landscape is composed of the specific route skeleton of the highway, it has roughly the same structural form as other garden landscapes, mainly in the rhythm and rhythm of the landscape sequence. Compare the following sequence forms.

The landscape sequence is divided into two stages: the initial scene (entrance)-the climax scene (main scene);

Spatial form: closed (small space)-open (large space);

Three stages: beginning scene (entrance) ... extension (transition, prelude)-climax

Multi-stage: start scene-prelude-transition-climax-end;

Space form: closed (small space), semi-closed or semi-open (small space or space with scenery)-open (large space with main view)-closed or semi-closed (small space)

Road landscape sequence: start (interchange)-guide (road)-extension (rhythm, rhythm, barrier and continuation)-end. The next communication heralds a new beginning.

Road landscape sequence: start (interchange)-guide (road sign)-extension (rhythm, rhythm, obstacles, continuation)-end-an interchange indicates a new beginning.

Spatial form: open and semi-open (entrance)-open is closed, with a small amount (settlement section). End one by one (next entrance)

Understanding the above sequence structure will help us to deal with the relationship between points and surfaces in the landscape design of the whole road. The following will be discussed:

2. Design of functional isolation belt running through the whole line

The purpose of setting the isolation belt is to prevent glare, facilitate the safe passage of vehicles and minimize the accidents caused by glare, so its height and width must meet the design requirements. Although from the perspective of landscaping, it does not have the characteristics of too many changes, but from the perspective of simple and repeated rhythm and line modeling, it also has a certain ornamental beauty effect. The selection of plants is often based on the principle of evergreen, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and pruning-resistant, and the colors are matched with different green owners such as dark green, light green and yellow-green, which fully shows the seasonal changes of plants within a certain limit.

3. Design of green belts on both sides

Divided into the part bordering the urban area and the main line part.

(1) Design of Urban Fringe Green Belt

This kind of green belt landscape has the duality of combining with protection function, so its structure should refer to certain technical parameters when designing. According to relevant departments and foreign data, the details are as follows:

Width of "1" forest belt: 6-15m in urban area and 0/5-30m in urban area;

Height of "2" forest belt: 10 meter or more;

Distance between forest belt and sound source: it should be as close as possible to the sound source rather than the sound receiving area;

Forest belt structure: the tight forest belt combined with arbor, shrub and grass is the best, and the noise reduction effect of broadleaf trees is better than that of coniferous trees, especially the high hedge is the best;

According to the investigation in Japan in recent years, a well-structured forest belt with a width of 40 meters can reduce the noise10 ――15 db;

The width of American "6" is 45- 100 meters, and grass flowers, perennial flowers, shrubs and trees are planted. Forest types from low to high, not only play a protective role, but also do not affect the line of sight of vehicles? The above data show that theoretically, the wider the green landscape in this area, the better. However, from the point of view of limiting urban land use and reducing construction cost, the reasonable regulation of forest belt width and height, especially the delineation of width, is the main factor affecting forest belt landscape. Considering the dual functions of ecology and landscape, it can be determined that the structure of green belt is closed and partially semi-permeable. For the semi-permeable part, it should be combined with the urban landscape and follow the principle of "harvest in prosperity and sift out in customs" to fully reflect the integration of urban landscape and road landscape in this ecological area:

(2) Main line design

The greening design on both sides of the main road line is the main form of continuous landscape "line" in expressway, which forms the basis of road landscape. Because this part has the characteristics of cross-regional and topographic relief, the following aspects should be considered in the design.

1 According to the soil, hydrology, meteorology, topography, slope protection structure, culverts, bridges and other conditions and characteristics of the highway crossing area, divide the typical design sections and mark the starting and ending points.

"2" identified the key tree species, supporting tree species and functional isolated tree species along the road.

"3" handles the relationship between the key and the general. For example, the range of 500- 1000 meters on both sides of roads such as toll stations belongs to the key management parts.

4, interchange part design

The landscape design of expressway Interchange is not only an important area of road landscape, but also an important landscape of roads, and its success or failure directly affects the overall road landscape.

(1) plane composition of interchange

The plane composition of interchange is determined by its traffic function, and the size of interchange is restricted by traffic volume. The alignment of the road itself is composed of straight lines and streamline lines. The straight line is the main line shape of the intersection trunk road, which is generally located at the bottom of the interchange. Streamline is a connecting road of two or more shunt routes, which has three-dimensional characteristics suitable for other trunk roads.

(2) Greening landscape design

China's overpass greening landscape design institute has an obvious development process, from the initial imitation to the current real design, from the complete pattern layout to the combination of nature and pattern, and then to the nature-oriented, some of which combine with the military's functional requirements to use a small number of regular layouts, which all reflect the characteristics of this change and the consistency of national aesthetic taste. The construction of interchange road itself is an artificial landscape of city or suburb, and its layout depends on its scale and geographical location. How to make full use of this landscape by means of greening is worthy of our in-depth study and discussion.

General design of 1

Using regular layout to design is first reflected in the "pattern" design on its viewing plane and facade. Different plants are used in different TINT to form patterns with certain design significance, which are arranged in proportion to the environment to form the center of composition. Although the meaning of the pattern is clear, its connotation may be rich, and it has a certain figurative shape. However, because the materials used are all low plants, they lack rich and changeable factors in elevation and season, which shows great limitations; Moreover, because most of the sketches are not too large, they often form symmetrical green spaces, and the layout is also symmetrical. Generally speaking, the composition of soil is dull and dynamic soon, and the management requirements for later maintenance and expansion are very strict, which is far from the basic style of China gardens and the overall aesthetic concept of the nation. Therefore, this form has a tendency to be eliminated in principle at present.

"2" natural design

Natural design forms are generally suitable for large-scale interchange sections. When designing, the requirements of traffic function should be considered first, and the requirements of road function should not be ignored because of design needs. Secondly, consider the characteristics of the design itself. The specific design starts from the following aspects.

A. Formation of the composition skeleton: Because the functional requirements of the green area of the overpass are different from those of the pure landscape, it is impossible for plants with the same density to match the composition skeleton, in other words, it does not have the continuous scattered canopy line and forest edge line layout in the garden. Therefore, the selection and quantitative determination of backbone tree species should not only meet the requirements of this feature, but also form a combination between different heights. Generally, evergreen tree species with compact crown and beautiful tree shape, such as cedar and Pinus bungeana, are selected to complete this task. When selecting the site, we must pay attention to the relationship between the direction of the main road and the secondary road.

B. Application of matching plants: You can choose some colorful trees with rich seasonal changes as matching trees, and consider the composition relationship between the foreground and background formed by backbone trees, scales, natural planting methods and so on.

C. Choice of tone: The color configuration of flowers and shrubs constitutes the basic color artistic conception of the interchange. First of all, we must understand the geographical location and environment of the interchange. For example, the interchange connected with the urban area can be decorated with colorful colors, and the interchange outside the urban area can be decorated more elegantly. Secondly, the arrangement of flowers and shrubs, according to the award-winning situation of greening planting, is face to face, diagonal, free arrangement, not stick to one pattern.

D. Plane background treatment: The vegetation on the slope protection adopts plants with strong soil-fixing performance, such as small crown flower, Bermuda grass, winter jasmine, etc., which is beneficial to the protection of subgrade and the future maintenance and management of Yu Jiancheng.

"3" mixed design

For the interchange located in the urban-rural junction or in the urban area, this form can be adopted, but the emphasis is different when using it. The former is governed by nature, while the latter is governed by rules. When designing, while distinguishing the primary and secondary roads, the relationship of specific layout is also determined. For the former, it is generally large, so it is considered to design the layout regularly at the entrance of the main road, while most other green spaces are still dominated by nature. For the latter, because it is located in a downtown area and has a large traffic volume, it is best to adopt a low regular layout, but only under the premise of not affecting the traffic function can it partially resist the natural form and better show the trend of returning to nature.

The information provided by the above construction network is arranged for a student's problems in practical work for reference. Please forgive me if there are any shortcomings.

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