What are the basic principles of the planning and design of tourist attractions?

As the saying goes, "everything is established in advance, and it is abolished if it is not planned." Tourism development and planning comes first. Only through scientific planning can we ensure the healthy and sustainable development of tourism and promote the coordination between tourism and the environment. we

Yuan Jing Design and Research Institute summarized the basic principles of its tourism planning. Tourism planning is a process of determining tourism development goals, allocating tourism elements, selecting and formulating appropriate future action plans to meet the needs of tourists and promote the development of tourism destinations and the healthy development of tourism. Generally, it can be divided into tourism development planning and scenic spot planning. Among them, the planning of tourist attractions is the further implementation and refinement of tourism planning, which mainly refers to the overall deployment and specific arrangements for the protection, development, utilization, operation and management of tourist areas, so that they can play a variety of functions and roles. Here, the Institute of Visual Design will talk about the basic principles of the planning and design of tourist attractions: First, emphasize the development principle of protection first. Tourism resources are the most precious heritage left by nature and human beings, and generally have high scientific value, aesthetic value, historical and cultural value and so on. But at the same time, these resources are fragile, easy to be destroyed and irreversible after destruction. Therefore, when planning and designing, the first thing to consider is the protection measures of various resources, so as to ensure reasonable development on the basis of not affecting their permanence. If the development of tourism resources is found to be destroyed, it should be resolutely stopped. After visiting Jiuzhaigou on 1992, Sansel, a senior inspector of IUCN, left a piece of advice: "The most serious challenge of tourist attractions is that the increase of tourists will destroy the landscape itself and bring many adverse effects. Therefore, tourism development should be quite cautious. " Second, the planning and design of scenic spots should emphasize the characteristics and personality of the landscape. The quality of tourist attractions and the influence of brands are directly determined by the extraordinary value of tourism resources (landscapes), and the value is whether the landscape has its own characteristics. People without me, people with me, people with me, people with me, form their own personality characteristics. Landscape features are the fundamental attraction of tourism resources. For example, the Fantasy Palace on the Journey to the West, which once swept the country, was short-lived because of the same ideas, while the World Park in Shenzhen, splendid china and San'guo City in Wuxi were unique and occupied a dominant position for a long time. Therefore, in the planning of scenic spots, we should vigorously strengthen and improve the landscape characteristics and personality of scenic spots. Don't cover everything, have no focus, or all the scenic spots are the focus. The important thing is that the green leaves set off the red flowers. Thirdly, the planning and design of scenic spots should reflect the harmony and unity of natural beauty and artificial beauty. Harmonious beauty should be the core of scenic spot planning and design. Tourism resources in scenic spots have their own characteristics and differences. A single combination will make the scenic spots look dull and lifeless, resulting in aesthetic fatigue. In landscape design, we should achieve the harmonious unity of natural beauty and artificial beauty. In scenic spots dominated by natural landscapes, artificial facilities should be organically integrated into nature, reflecting that "although it is man-made, it is natural", such as how to hide the ancient temples in the mountains and coordinate with the surrounding environment. Another example is pavilions, bridges and flowing water. It was originally for practical use and for tourists to rest. Builders should carefully design, construct, decorate or write couplets in accordance with the law of harmonious beauty, so as to form a unified whole with the natural landscape and form a gorgeous and high-quality role of highlighting natural beauty, such as the cliff stone carvings on Mount Tai and the poems of Sandiequan Waterfall on Mount Lushan. However, at present, the ropeways in many scenic spots do not take into account the harmony with nature and spoil the scenery. However, classical gardens, ancient buildings, places of interest, folk customs, etc. Among them, we should pay attention to artificial beauty and how to coordinate with the natural environment so as not to cause a gap between artificial beauty and nature. For example, the completely different characteristics of gardens in the north and south of China are directly related to the local natural geographical environment. The mountains, rivers, forests and buildings in classical gardens should be organically combined to create a beautiful and ideal profound artistic conception, which seems to be beautiful and picturesque, with strange peaks and rocks showing nature. For example, the construction of Leshan Giant Buddha in Sichuan used to be an important landscape in harmony with nature. Now Bamiyan Giant Buddha is built next to it. The "Oriental Buddha Capital" has caused great damage to the ecological and cultural environment of the scenic spot, which is extremely disproportionate, not to mention the beauty of harmony. Fourth, the planning and design of scenic spots should maintain ecological balance. The natural ecological environment is the foundation of the existence of tourism resources. Without a good ecological environment, there will be no good natural scenery and high tourism value. Huangshan Mountain is a great threat to vegetation because of overcrowding and soil hardening. Scenic spots should provide beautiful scenery, dense forests, fresh air, clean water, warm sunshine, blue sky, faint bird songs and so on. Let tourists have a suitable environment. If we cut down forests by building roads and hotels, it will cause soil erosion, which will lead to the survival of wild animals or the decrease of species. Excessive waste discharge and unreasonable disposal will lead to water pollution, smoke and dust, beach pollution and so on. This will directly affect the ecological balance, thus destroying the beautiful and harmonious natural scenery. Fifth, the planning and design of scenic spots should use the principle of integrity to realize the perfect unity of natural, social and economic benefits of scenic spots. Tourism has become the most dynamic and largest industrial activity in the world, the most important leisure and entertainment activity for people, and also an important factor affecting environmental change. The planning and design of scenic spots must fully consider the overall relationship among nature, society and economy. First of all, as an important economic resource, tourism resources have important economic value, so it is necessary to vigorously develop tourism, transform resource advantages into economic advantages, promote the development of related industries, solve employment problems, increase people's income, promote regional economic development, and improve the living standards and quality of local people. But at the same time, the development of tourism activities will also have a certain impact on the geographical environment, and even cause irreparable losses. For example, the three grottoes in China, due to the vigorous economic development, the huge number of tourists, and the dual effects of natural weathering and human factors (the influx of tourists changed the microclimate of the grottoes), caused extremely serious damage. Therefore, when planning, we should give consideration to nature, society and economy, and we should not fail to develop the economy because of protecting the environment, nor should we ignore the environment on the pretext of developing the economy. We must win all three, give priority to protection and develop moderately. In a word, the planning and design of scenic spots is a comprehensive process. In the planning and design, we should also consider the protection and development of regional culture, the choice of transportation routes, the further excavation of tourism resources and the shaping of tourism image. Sustainable development is the coordinated development of population, economy, society, resources and environment, which not only realizes the goal of economic development, but also protects the natural resources and environment on which human beings depend. From the perspective of tourism, tourism resources are the capital of tourism development and must be effectively protected. Huailai Dongyuan eco-tourism scenic spot is of high quality and has important ecological functions. It must be developed in an orderly way and take the road of rational development, scientific utilization and sustainable development within the Guanting Reservoir Protection Area. Planning and construction projects should meet the requirements of environmental and resource protection, follow ecological laws, control the intensity of tourism development and utilization, consider the carrying capacity of environmental resources, protect the ecological environment, and make the tourism industry in scenic spots develop continuously and healthily. Personalization principle: characteristics are the life of tourism. Without characteristics, there is no life of tourism. In the process of development, we must highlight characteristics, strengthen brand awareness, and make it clear that brands are intangible assets and competitiveness. No matter from the aspects of scenic spot positioning, project site selection, theme conception and landscape display, it should reflect its distinctive cultural and landscape regional characteristics. The development of eco-tourism scenic spot in Huailai Dongyuan should grasp the theme of eco-tourism and experience tourism, so as to create a distinctive boutique tourism scenic spot. Planning and construction projects should be compatible with the development trend of tourism, tourism resource base and its functions, conform to the overall development direction of tourism, and at the same time have distinctive characteristics, and strive to establish a good tourism image. Principle of giving priority to benefits: Tourism is one of the important industries in the national economy, and the level of economic benefits directly determines the sustainability of industrial development and the possibility of realizing industrial goals. Huailai Dongyuan eco-tourism scenic spot should always adhere to the principle of giving priority to benefits, take the market as the guide in industrial planning, resource development and market operation, pay attention to economic benefits, and maintain the unity of social benefits and ecological benefits. Feasibility principle: Tourism is a high-input, high-risk and high-output industry. Planning must be economical and feasible, according to one's ability and seeking truth from facts. The ultimate goal of planning is implementation. If a perfect blueprint cannot be implemented, it will lose its practical significance. Planning and construction projects require technical feasibility, reasonable capital investment, adaptation to market demand, remarkable economic benefits and attracting foreign investment. People-oriented principle: In the development of Huailai Dongyuan eco-tourism scenic spot, we must adhere to the people-oriented principle and consider the needs of tourists in the design of tourism projects and various service programs. Principle of orderly development: adopt the development strategy of highlighting key points, developing by stages, forming scale, improving supporting facilities and forming "fist products" as soon as possible. Principle of comprehensive development: In line with the principle of "making famous brands, focusing on key points, having high characteristics and creating benefits", develop all kinds of tourism products.