A brief discussion on garden road planning and design?

The garden road is an important part of the garden green space. Like the veins of the human body, it runs through the scenic spots in the garden. It not only guides the flow of people and eases traffic, but also integrates the garden green space. It is divided into a series of spaces with different shapes, sizes and functions. Therefore, the planning and design of the garden road directly affects whether the functional space division of the garden and green space is reasonable, whether the flow of people and traffic is smooth, and whether the landscape organization is appropriate. It plays a decisive role in the rationality of the overall planning of the garden and green space.

1 Types of garden roads

The basic types of garden roads include cutting type, embankment type, special type (including stone steps, paved steps, curbs, ladders, etc.). In the planning of garden green space, garden roads are divided according to their nature and function:

1.1 Main garden roads

Main garden roads connect the whole garden and are the routes that a large number of tourists in the garden need to travel. , a small number of management vehicles can pass when necessary. Both sides of the road should be fully greened, with a width of 4-6m.

1.2 Secondary Garden Road

The secondary garden road is the auxiliary road of the main garden road, connecting various scenic spots and buildings, with a width of 2-4m.

1.3 Leisure Trail

The Leisure Trail is mainly for walking and resting, guiding visitors to go deeper into every corner of the garden. A pair of people can walk 1.2-1.5m, and a single person can walk 0.6-1m. It is like a mountain. There are many twists and turns freely arranged on the river, by the water, and in the sparse forest.

1.4 Deformed Roads

According to the requirements of the tourist function, there are many deformed roads, such as steps, steps, rest islands, steps, stairs, etc.

2 Functions and characteristics of garden roads

2.1 Functional divisions

In parks, terrain, buildings, plants or roads are often used to divide the whole park into various Scenic spots with different functions are connected into a whole through roads, which can convey the designer's landscaping sequence to tourists. Chinese gardens are not only the creation of "form", but also a transformation process from "form" to "spirit". Gardening is not about designing static “realms”, but creating a series of moving “realms”. What visitors get is the comprehensive effect brought by the continuous impressions, the accumulation of impressions, and the appeal brought by the thoughts and emotions. The garden road can play the role of organizing the garden viewing process and showing the garden scenery to tourists. It can guide tourists to enjoy the scenery according to the designer's intention, route and angle through its own layout and paving patterns. In this sense, the garden road is a tour guide for tourists.

2.2 Organize transportation

The garden road collects, distributes and guides tourists, meets the transportation work of landscaping, building repairs, maintenance, management and other work, and is responsible for safety, fire prevention, employee telephone numbers, etc. Transportation tasks for park services such as restaurants and canteens. For small parks, these tasks can be considered comprehensively. For large parks, due to the heavy traffic volume of gardening work, special routes and entrances can sometimes be set up.

2.3 Constituting the garden landscape

The graceful curves of the garden road and the rich and colorful pavement can be closely integrated with the surrounding mountains, water, buildings, flowers, trees, stone scenery and other scenery. It is not only "building roads according to the scenery", but also "preserving the scenery according to the roads", so the garden road is feasible and travelable, and the travel is unified.

In addition, garden roads can also lay the foundation for hydropower projects and improve the garden microclimate.

3 Garden Road Planning Principles

3.1 The Scale and Density of Garden Roads in Gardens

The scale and distribution density of garden roads should be based on the objective and objective flow density of people. reasonable reflection. "Roads are made by walking out." From another aspect, the scale and density of crowded places (such as playgrounds, entrance gates, etc.) should be larger; leisure walking areas should be smaller. If this requirement is not met, the green space will be Extremely fragile.

In addition, corresponding activity venues should be added to modern gardens and green spaces. In the past, people mainly took part in garden tours, paying attention to self-feeling when visiting gardens. People mainly appreciated it by thinking, tracing back and understanding the philosophical emotions in art, and pursuing the so-called "spiritual wandering". However, modern people's tourism style has a trend of requiring and participating. People not only require a beautiful environment, but also require that they engage in cultural entertainment, sports activities, and even conduct certain academic activities and acquire knowledge in such an environment. Therefore, a considerable number of activity venues need to be designed [2].

3.2 Layout of garden roads

3.2.1 Planar layout

The road system of landscape gardens is different from the general urban road system. It has its own layout Formal and layout features. In natural gardens and green spaces, garden paths are often characterized by twists and turns, smooth and natural curves, just like the twists and turns and twists and turns in Chinese classical gardens, and the scenery changes with every step. The natural twists and turns of the garden road allow people to enjoy the landscape from different angles. In private gardens, due to the limited area, the twists and turns of the garden road make it appear larger in the small, extending the depth of field and expanding the space.

In addition to these free curved forms, there are also planned geometric and mixed forms, thus forming different garden styles. Classical gardens in Western Europe pay attention to plane geometric shapes, adopting a mixed layout in which one form is dominant and another form supplements it.

3.2.2 Facade forming layout

The garden road can also be retracted and expanded according to functional needs, and the layout on the facade can be carried out in the form of variable sections.

For example, when climbing along the pedal road in Xiangshan Mountain in Beijing, you can find that different turning points have different widths, and there are also pavilions in the middle. In many gardens, sitting boards and chairs are set up on the outer boundary of the garden road, and there are also combinations of garden roads and small squares, etc. Such changes in width and width, and the combination of straight and straight, make the garden road more vivid, so that leisure and stay can be combined with pedestrians and sports on the same road, so that each can find its proper place.

3.3 Yuan Road Intersection Planning

The planning of Yuan Road intersection is an important part of Yuan Road construction. From the comparison between the regular garden road system and the natural garden road system, the natural garden road system is dominated by Sancha intersections, while the planned garden road system has more Shi'an intersections, but from In order to enhance the searchability, there should be fewer intersections at intersections.

When roads intersect, except in mountainous and steep terrain, orthogonal intersections are generally used as much as possible; when roads intersect obliquely, if the oblique intersection angle is an acute angle, the angle should not be less than 60°. If the acute angle is too small, it will be difficult for vehicles to turn, and pedestrians must cross the green space; sufficient turning radius should be adopted for the acute angle, and the corner should be rounded. The road corners formed at intersections, if they are internal corners, can be kept at right angles. If they are external corners, they should be designed as hypotenuses or changed to rounded corners [3].

Intersections should be designed with scenic spots and features. Flower beds, flower beds, etc. can be designed in the center of the three-way intersection. It should be noted that the center line of each road should be opposite to the axis of the flower bed and should not be tangent to the edge line of the flower bed. The plane shape of the intersection should be similar or similar to the shape of the central flower bed. Adaptation, intersections with central flower beds should be designed according to regular terrain.

3.4 Other elements of garden roads

3.4.1 Garden roads and buildings

An intersection can often be formed at the junction of garden roads and buildings. Judging from the actual connection between the garden road and the building, a smaller buffer site is generally set up near the building, and the garden road is connected to the construction through this site. This should be done in most cases, but some buildings, verandas, etc. that function as corridors often do not have small buffer areas.

Common garden roads and buildings adopt parallel connection and direct connection, which means that the long axis of the building is parallel or perpendicular to the center line of the garden road; there is also a side connection, which means that the long axis of the building is parallel to the garden road. The center line of the road is perpendicular and intersects it from the front side of the building, or the park road intersects it from the side of the building. When actually dealing with the handover relationship between the garden road and the building, diagonal road handovers are generally avoided, especially the diagonal angle facing a certain corner of the building, which has a strong sense of conflict. For garden roads that have to intersect diagonally, a short straight road should be set up at the intersection as a transition, or the road corners formed at the intersection should be changed to rounded corners to avoid oblique intersections between buildings and garden roads.

3.4.2 Garden roads and water bodies

Chinese gardens often center on the water surface, with main roads surrounding the water surface and connecting various scenic spots, which is an ideal treatment method. When the main road is laid out near the water, the road should not always be parallel to the water, which would appear dull due to lack of variation. A better design is based on the undulations of the terrain, the surrounding scenery and functional scenery, so that the main road and the water surface are inseparable. The roads falling onto the water surface can be connected by bridges, embankments or steps.

Attention should be paid to the planning of Binhe Road. Binhe Road is often an urban arterial road with heavy traffic and high landscape requirements in the city. Binhe Road is a road in the city that is adjacent to water bodies such as rivers, rivers, lakes, and seas. There are certain requirements for the layout of trails near the water. The width of the walking trail should not be less than 5m and should be as close to the water surface as possible; when the riverside road is relatively wide, it is best to arrange two walking trails, one close to the road and sidewalk to facilitate pedestrians, and the one near the water should be wider for tourists. Take a stroll or stop and take a look[4].

3.4.3 Garden roads and rocks

In gardens, some rocks are often arranged on both sides of the garden to form an interspersed scene and create a quiet atmosphere. At the intersections of Yuan Road, rockeries are often set up at the turns, which can not only divert traffic, but also play a beautiful role.

3.4.4 Garden roads and plants

The best greening effect of garden roads should be tree-lined roads. Large areas of greening in the suburbs, street trees can be combined with green planting on both sides, allowing free entry and exit, and flexible planting without spacing, to achieve the artistic conception of walking in the forest.

At the turns of the garden road, plants can be used to emphasize, such as planting a large number of colorful flowers, which not only guide visitors, but are also extremely beautiful. At the intersections of garden roads, central green islands, carriage return islands, flower bowls, flower tree beds, etc. can often be set up, which also have the effect of being beautiful and guiding tourists.

We should also pay attention to the height relationship between garden roads and green spaces. Designed garden roads are often superficially located within green spaces and hidden among green bushes, especially outside the foothills and slopes. Once the garden roads are exposed, It will leave traces of horizontal lines, which is extremely unsightly. Therefore, the road is required to be lower than "green", but it must be lower than "soil".

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