A brief introduction to the tourist attractions of the Great Wall of China essay

Introduction to the Great Wall Tourist Attractions

Chinese tourist attractions refer to tourist attractions located in China.

China’s landscape tourism resources are quite rich. These scenic spots can be divided differently from different angles. Based on their main landscapes, they can be roughly divided into the following five types: lake scenic spots (Baiyangdian, Hangzhou West Lake, Nanjing Xuanwu Lake, Wuhan East Lake, Xinjiang Tianshan Tianchi, Qinghai Lake, Danjiangkou Reservoir) Mountain Scenic Areas (Huangshan, Yanshan, Taishan, Hengshan, Huashan, Purple Mountain, Alishan) Forest Scenic Areas (Xishuangbanna, Hunan Zhangjiajie, Henan Baotianman, Sichuan Wolong, Hubei Shennongjia) Landscape Scenic Areas ( Guilin Lijiang River, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Wuyi Jiuqu River) 5. Coastal scenic spots (Hainan Tianya Haijiao, Xiamen, Dalian).

Introduction to the Great Wall Attractions in Beijing Introduction to the Great Wall Attractions in Beijing

1. Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of the Guangou Ancient Road in Jundushan, Yanqing District, Beijing. It is an important part of the Great Wall, a great defense project in ancient China, and a pass in the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. The Badaling Great Wall is an important outpost of Juyong Pass. In ancient times, it was said that "the danger of Juyong is not in the pass but in Badaling." The Badaling section of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is called the "Yuguan Moat" and is one of the eight scenic spots in Juyongguan in the Ming Dynasty.

2. Juyongguan Great Wall. Juyongguan Great Wall is a famous ancient pass along the Great Wall north of Beijing and a national cultural relic protection unit. It is a national AAAA-level scenic spot rated by the Beijing Tourism Bureau. It is located in a canyon 20 kilometers north of Changping County. The Juyongguan Great Wall is built in a 15-kilometer-long valley with overlapping mountains and lush trees on both sides. As far back as 800 years ago in the Jin Dynasty, it was listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing, known as "Juyong Greenery".

3. Mutianyu Great Wall. The Mutianyu Great Wall in Beijing is located in Huairou District, Beijing, 73 kilometers away from Beijing city. It has a long history and splendid culture, and enjoys the reputation of "the Great Wall of China, Mutianyu is unique" at home and abroad. There are many mountains in the scenic area, and the vegetation coverage rate reaches more than 90%. With a total length of 5,400 meters, the Great Wall is the longest Great Wall in China. It is also one of the famous 16 scenic spots in Beijing and a national AAAAA-level tourist area.

4. Simatai Great Wall. Simatai Great Wall is located in the north of Simatai Village, Gubeikou Town, in the north of Miyun District, Beijing, close to Gubei Water Town. The walls of Simatai Great Wall are built according to the steep mountains, and are famous for being strange, unique and dangerous. Luo Zhewen, a famous Chinese ancient architect, once commented that "The Great Wall of China is the tallest in the world, and the Simatai Great Wall is the tallest Great Wall in China." In 2012, it was named "one of the twenty-five scenic spots in the world that cannot be missed" by the British Times in 2012. head".

5. Jinshanling Great Wall. Jinshanling Great Wall is located in Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province, adjacent to Miyun District, Beijing, and 130 kilometers away from Beijing. Jinshanling Great Wall was built in the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368) and was built by General Xu Da. The Jinshanling Great Wall was continued and rebuilt on the basis of the Great Wall built by Xu Da in the first year of Longqing (AD 1567). It is the essence of the Great Wall and is known as "the Great Wall and the most beautiful Jinshan".

What are the tourist attractions of the Great Wall?

1. Shanhaiguan

Shanhaiguan, also known as Yuguan, Yuguan and Linlvguan, is located in Hebei 15 kilometers northeast of Qinhuangdao City, it is one of the northeastern passes of the Ming Great Wall. Before 1990, it was considered to be the starting point of the eastern end of the Ming Great Wall. It is known as one of the "three wonders" of the Great Wall of China (Shanhaiguan and Zhongyou Town are in the east). Beitai and Jiayuguan in the west) are known as "the first pass in the world" and "the throat of border counties and the guarantee of the capital". It echoes the Jiayuguan thousands of miles away and is famous all over the world.

2. Zhenbeitai

Zhenbeitai is a world cultural heritage and a national key cultural relics protection unit. It is located on the top of Hongshan Mountain, 4 kilometers north of Yulin City, a national historical and cultural city. Zhenbeitai is one of the grandest and most majestic buildings in the Great Wall ruins of the Ming Dynasty. It is known as one of the "three wonders of the Great Wall of China (Shanhaiguan in the east, Zhenbeitai in the middle, and Jiayuguan in the west)" and "the third wonder of the Great Wall of China". "One unit".

There are poems that say, "A hard backbone of the Great Wall holds Beitai in place forever" and "Plays the role of a dynasty on and off the stage, plays the role of a soldier in and out of plays." Zhenbeitai is a dangerous fortress that controls the throat between the north and the south, just like a giant lock strangling the border pass. It is one of the largest existing fortresses along the ancient Great Wall and an important part of the Great Wall.

3. Jiayuguan Great Wall

Jiayuguan Great Wall is located in the southwest corner of Jiayuguan City. It is named after it was built at the foot of Jiayu Mountain. It is the western end of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. It was built in 1372. The city wall is trapezoidal in plan, covering an area of ??more than 33,500 square meters, with a total length of 733 meters and a height of 11.7 meters.

The tower is symmetrical in the east and west, three rooms wide, surrounded by corridors, and has a three-story hilltop with a height of 17 meters, making it majestic. There are turrets at the four corners of Guancheng, two stories high, shaped like a bunker. Looking from a distance from the Dengguan Tower, you can have a panoramic view of the scenery beyond the Great Wall.

4. Qingshan Pass

Qingshan Pass is located in the northern part of Qianxi County, 40 kilometers away from the county seat. It is located on the branch of Yanshan Mountain, in the hinterland of Daqingshan Mountain, where the Great Wall winds its way. The castle is built on a platform at the foot of the mountain, hence the name Qingshan Pass. In 1956, Qingshanguan and the ancient Great Wall along the route were listed as provincial cultural relics protection units.

5. Yanmen Pass

Yanmen Pass is located in the Yanmen Mountains about 20 kilometers north of Dai County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, China. It is an important pass on the Great Wall and is known for its "danger" , known as "China's first pass", there is a saying that "there are nine fortresses in the world, Yanmen is the leader". Together with Ningwuguan and Pianguan, it is called the "Three Outer Passes".

Introduction to the Great Wall

The Great Wall, also known as the Great Wall, is a military defense project in ancient China. It is a tall, strong and continuous long wall. To limit the movement of enemy cavalry. The Great Wall is not a simple and isolated city wall, but a defense system with the city wall as the main body and a large number of cities, barriers, pavilions and signs.

The Great Wall is a miracle created by the working people of ancient my country. Since the Qin Dynasty, building the Great Wall has been a major project. According to records, Qin Shihuang used nearly a million laborers to build the Great Wall, accounting for 1/20 of the country's population. There was no machinery at that time, all labor had to rely on manpower, and the working environment was high mountains, cliffs and deep ravines. It is conceivable that this huge project cannot be completed without a large number of people working hard.

Great Wall resources are mainly distributed in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities including Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

Shaanxi Province is the province with the richest Great Wall resources in China, with a length of 1,838 kilometers of Great Wall. According to the results of the national survey of Great Wall resources by the Department of Cultural Relics and Surveying and Mapping, the total length of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty was 8,851.8 kilometers, and the Great Wall in the Qin, Han and early periods was more than 10,000 kilometers long, with a total length of more than 21,000 kilometers.

Extended information:

Length of the Great Wall

Due to their long history, most of the Great Walls in the early dynasties are incomplete. The ones that are relatively well preserved were built in the Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall, so people generally refer to the Great Wall as the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, and the length of the Great Wall refers to the length of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.

The State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping jointly announced on April 18, 2009 that the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty started from Hushan, Liaoning in the east, to Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west, and traveled from east to west through Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, and Shanxi , 156 counties in ten provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) including Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai, with a total length of 8851.8 kilometers. It passes through 359.7 kilometers of trenches and 2232.5 kilometers of natural hazards.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Great Wall

Introduction to the Great Wall

The Great Wall, also known as the Great Wall, is a military fortification in ancient China. A tall, strong and continuous long wall is used to limit the movement of enemy cavalry. The Great Wall is not a simple and isolated city wall, but a defense system with the city wall as the main body and a large number of cities, barriers, pavilions and signs.

The history of the construction of the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. The famous allusion "playing with princes with beacon fire" in the capital Haojing (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi) originated from this. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when various countries competed for hegemony and defended each other, the construction of the Great Wall entered its first climax, but at this time the length of the construction was relatively short. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six kingdoms and unified the world, Qin Shihuang connected and repaired the Great Wall during the Warring States Period, and it became known as the Great Wall. The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty to overhaul the Great Wall. Most of the Great Wall that people see today was built at this time.

Great Wall resources are mainly distributed in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities including Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang. Among them, the length of Hebei Province is more than 2,000 kilometers, and the length of Shaanxi Province is 1,838 kilometers. According to the results of the national survey of Great Wall resources by the Department of Cultural Relics and Surveying and Mapping, the total length of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty was 8,851.8 kilometers, and the Great Wall in the Qin, Han and early periods was more than 10,000 kilometers long, with a total length of more than 21,000 kilometers. The existing Great Wall cultural relics include the Great Wall walls, trenches/boundary trenches, individual buildings, forts, related facilities and other types of remains, totaling more than 43,000 sites (blocks/sections).

On March 4, 1961, the Great Wall was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In December 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage. On November 26, 2020, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage released the first batch of national lists of important sections of the Great Wall.

History of the Great Wall:

The Great Wall is not only the longest-lasting and largest ancient defense project in the world, but it has been built continuously for 2,000 years since the Western Zhou Dynasty. For many years, it has been distributed over the vast land in northern and central China, with a total length of more than 20,000 kilometers. Since Qin Shihuang, almost all dynasties that ruled the Central Plains built the Great Wall. More than ten dynasties, including the Han, Jin, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing, all built the Great Wall on varying scales. Judging from the ruling ethnic groups that built the Great Wall, in addition to the Han people, many dynasties ruled by ethnic minorities also built the Great Wall, and more than those ruled by the Han people. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, although large-scale construction of the Great Wall stopped, the Great Wall was later built in individual places. It can be said that construction has not stopped from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qing Dynasty for more than 2,000 years.

According to historical documents, more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties built the Great Wall. If the Great Walls built in various eras are added up, the length is more than 100,000 miles. Among them, the length of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han, Jin, and Ming dynasties is More than 10,000 miles.

1. Pre-Qin.

The history of the construction of the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. In order to defend against the attacks of the northern nomadic tribes, the Zhou Dynasty built continuous rows of castles "Liecheng" for defense. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in order to compete for hegemony and defend each other, various countries built Great Walls on their borders according to their respective defense needs. The first one built was the "Chu Fang City" in the 7th century BC. Later, Qi, Han, Wei, Zhao, Yan , Qin, Zhongshan and other vassal states, large and small, have successively built the "Great Wall of Mutual Defense among the vassals" for self-defense. Among them, the three kingdoms of Qin, Zhao, and Yan were adjacent to the Xiongnu, a powerful nomadic people in the north. While building the Great Wall for mutual defense among the princes, they also built the "Great Wall to Reject Hu" in the north. After that, almost all monarchs of the past dynasties reinforced and added to it. At this time, the characteristics of the Great Wall were that the east, south, west, and north directions were different, and the length was shorter, ranging from a few hundred kilometers to 1,000-2,000 kilometers. In order to distinguish it from the Great Wall later built by Qin Shihuang, historians call it the "Pre-Qin Great Wall". The Pre-Qin Great Wall can be roughly divided into the North Great Wall and the South Great Wall according to the defense objects.

2. Qin Dynasty.

In the twenty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang (221 BC), Qin annexed the six countries, unified the world, and established the first unified multi-ethnic centralized state in Chinese history. In order to maintain and consolidate the security of the unprecedented unified empire, Qin Shihuang successively adopted a series of major strategic measures for national defense construction and border defense. One of them was the large-scale construction of the Great Wall. In the 32nd year of Qin Shihuang (215 BC), General Meng Tian led an army of 300,000 to attack the Xiongnu in the north and took Henan. Later, he built a city that started from Lintao (now Shanni County, Gansu Province) in the west and ended in Liaodong (now Liaoning Province) in the east. The Great Wall winds for more than 10,000 miles. After Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, it was known as the Great Wall.

3. Han Dynasty.

In the early Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu took advantage of the war in China and crossed the Great Wall built by General Meng Tian of Qin, and confronted the Han Empire with the Great Wall of Qin, Zhao, and Yan in the Warring States Period as the boundary. Because the Great Wall was in disrepair and there were few defenders in the north, the powerful Huns continued to enter the Great Wall and plunder. However, even such a dilapidated Great Wall also played a military defense role to a certain extent. Cheng Bushi was a famous general who was stationed at the Great Wall. He was strict in running the army. As long as he guarded the border, the Huns would not dare to invade. Its rear guard Qing, Huo Qubing, Gongsun He, Gongsun Ao and others attacked the Xiongnu, and they all used the Qin and Zhao Great Walls as the main offensive and defensive strongholds.

4. Sui Dynasty.

In order to deal with the southward harassment and plunder from the Mobei Turks, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian regarded the construction of the Great Wall and the consolidation of border defenses as important national defense policies since the founding of the country. After Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty came to the throne, in addition to continuing to defend against the Turkic attacks in the north, he also focused on dealing with the Tuyuhun invasion from the northwest. To this end, he built the Great Wall twice, using more labor than ever before in the Sui Dynasty. In the 28 years from the first year of Kaihuang to the fourth year of Daye, the rulers of the two generations of Sui Dynasty mobilized nearly 2 million laborers seven times to build the Great Wall and add fortifications on the northern and northwest borders. On the basis of building the Great Wall together, the Great Wall and fortifications extending from Zihe River in the east, through Shuofang and Lingwu in the middle, and to the east of Yugu in the west are basically connected in a straight line.

5. Tang Dynasty.

For a long time, "There was no Great Wall in the Tang Dynasty" has been a conclusion in academic circles. However, the Great Wall was indeed built in the Tang Dynasty, but it was different from the "Great Wall to exclude Hu" in the traditional sense. This Great Wall was built to Unification War. In the first few years after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, 14 separate regimes coexisted, one of which was Liu Wuzhou, who relied on the Turks and proclaimed himself emperor. In the second year of Wude (619), Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Wuzhou captured Jinyang (today's Taiyuan), the birthplace of Li Yuan, captured most of Hedong, and threatened Guanzhong. The Tang Dynasty quickly took tough measures. On the one hand, it sent King Li Shimin of Qin to resist Liu Wuzhou, and on the other hand, it quickly built defense facilities, and the Great Wall from Pingcheng to Lukou was built.

6. The two Song Dynasties.

The Song Great Wall starts from Qingcheng Mountain in Kelan County, Shanxi Province in the west and ends at Heyeping Mountain in the east. The existing 38 kilometers of Song Great Wall in Kelan are all made of rubble. The well-preserved height is about 4.2 meters and the top width is about 1.6 meters. In some sections, parapets of about 30 centimeters are preserved, and in some sections there are remains of forts. . There are a large number of Song Dynasty porcelain fragments scattered nearby, and the remains of forts have been found in some areas. After inspecting the Great Wall in Kelan, Cheng Dalin, a Chinese Great Wall expert, determined that the Great Wall in Kelan was built by the Northern Qi, Sui and Song dynasties. This is the first time that the Great Wall of the Song Dynasty has been discovered in China, filling a gap in the study of the history of the Great Wall in China.

7. Ming Dynasty.

The Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is a military defense project built in the northern region of the Ming Dynasty. It is also called the border wall. It is different from the Great Wall built by Qin Shihuang. In addition to the "Outer" Great Wall, the Ming Dynasty built the "Inner" Great Wall and the "Inner Three Passes" Great Wall. The "Inner Border" Great Wall is based on the Northern Qi Dynasty. It starts from the west of Pianguan Pass at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi. It goes eastward through Yanmen Pass and Pingxing Pass and enters Hebei Province. Then it goes northeast, passing through Laiyuan, Fangshan, and Changping Counties, and reaches Juyongguan, then from north to east, to the Siguan Pass in Huairou, connecting with the "outer" Great Wall, with Zijingguan as the center, running roughly in a north-south direction. The "Inner Three Passes" Great Wall runs parallel to the "Inner Border" Great Wall in many places, and in some places the two cities are only tens of miles apart.

In addition, a large number of "important cities" were also built, including 24 "important cities" in the Yanmenguan area.

8. Qing Dynasty.

Although there was Kangxi's "no border wall repair" order in the Qing Dynasty, it was only in form than in meaning. In fact, the scale of the Great Wall in the Qing Dynasty was quite large, and its geographical span was unprecedentedly large. Its construction scope basically included All provinces north of the Huaihe River, especially those north of the Yellow River. The Great Wall of the Qing Dynasty is different from the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty and the Great Wall of previous dynasties. It is a tool used to suppress peasant uprisings and national uprisings internally, not externally. The Great Wall of the Qing Dynasty is relatively rough and poorly preserved. It has a single function, so it is rarely mentioned, and it cannot be compared with the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.

Introduction to the famous attractions of the Great Wall:

1. Badaling Great Wall.

The Badaling Great Wall is located in Yanqing, Beijing. It is the most representative section of the Ming Great Wall and the outpost of Juyongguan. It has an altitude of 1,015 meters and a dangerous terrain. It has always been a battleground for military strategists. It was an important military pass and pass in the Ming Dynasty. An important barrier for the capital Beijing. Climb up the Great Wall here and have a commanding view of the magnificent scenery of the mountains. So far, more than 300 celebrities, including Obama, Nixon, and Margaret Thatcher, have visited here. Badaling Scenic Area is famous for its magnificent landscape, complete facilities and profound cultural and historical connotations. Known in history as one of the Nine Fortresses in the World, it is the essence of the Great Wall and is uniquely representative among the Great Walls of the Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall Museum is a comprehensive museum with the theme of the Great Wall, which comprehensively reflects the history, politics, military, economy and culture of the Great Wall. The Great Wall Museum of China is located outside the Badaling Pass. It was completed and opened in 1994.

2. Mutianyu Great Wall.

The Mutianyu Great Wall is located in Huairou District and is one of the sixteen scenic spots in New Beijing. It is connected to the Juyongguan Great Wall to the west and Gubeikou to the east. The open 2250-meter section of the Great Wall is characterized by crenels on both sides of the Great Wall, especially the three watchtowers at Zhengguantai standing side by side. The famous Great Wall landscapes include arrow buckles, ox horn edges, and eagles flying upside down. Located at the western end of the Mutianyu Great Wall, it is the essence of the Great Wall. The Mutianyu Great Wall is a mountainous area with a vegetation coverage rate of over 90%. The Mutianyu Great Wall is equipped with the first-class cable car in the country, and has developed projects such as the Chinese Dream Stone City and the Shibid Slide, forming an organic combination of Great Wall culture, stone culture, sports, fitness and entertainment. Former British Prime Minister John Major, former US President Clinton and many other foreign heads of state visited Mutianyu. In 1992, it was rated as the best tourist destination in the world in Beijing. In 2002, it was rated as a 4A-level scenic spot.

3. Simatai Great Wall.

The Simatai Great Wall, which has five unique characteristics: "dangerous, dense, strange, clever and complete", is located in Gubeikou Town, northeast of Miyun County, Beijing, 120 kilometers away from Beijing. It starts from Wangjing Tower in the east and ends at Houchuankou in the west, with a total length of 5.4 kilometers and 35 watchtowers. The entire section of the Great Wall is exquisitely conceived, unique in design, novel in structure and different in shape. It can be called the essence of the Great Wall. Professor Luo Zhewen, a famous Great Wall expert, praised: The Great Wall of China is the best in the world, and the Simatai Great Wall is the best in China. The Simatai Great Wall was included in the World Heritage List in 1987 and is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is the only ancient architectural site in my country that retains its original appearance from the Ming Dynasty.

4. Gubeikou Great Wall.

The Gubeikou Great Wall is the most complete Great Wall system in the history of the Great Wall of China. It is composed of the Great Wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, including four sections: Wohu Mountain, Panlong Mountain, Jinshanling and Simatai. Gubeikou is the Great Wall fortress between Shanhaiguan and Juyongguan. It is the throat of the Liaodong Plain and Inner Mongolia to the Central Plains. It has always been a battleground for military strategists, especially in the five dynasties of Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing. The battles for Gubeikou, large and small, have never stopped, so the role of the Great Wall has become particularly important.

5. Arrows clasp the Great Wall.

The Jiankou Great Wall is located in Badaohe Township, northwest of Huairou County, on the outskirts of Beijing, about 30 kilometers away from Huairou County. The mountain topography is very varied, and the Great Wall on the dangerous peaks and cliffs also looks more majestic and dangerous. The Jiankou Great Wall is so named because the entire section of the Great Wall winds in a W shape, resembling a bow full of arrows. The Jiankou Great Wall is one of the most famous and dangerous sections of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. It is the most photographed section in various Great Wall albums in recent years and has always been a hot spot for Great Wall photography.

6. Jinshanling Great Wall.

The Jinshanling Great Wall is located in the Yanshan Mountains at the junction of Miyun County and Luanping County, Hebei, 140 kilometers away from Beijing. It starts from Longyukou in the west and ends at Wangjing Tower in the east, with a total length of 10.5 kilometers. There are 67 enemy towers with different buildings along the line, 2 beacon towers, and 5 large and small passes. The enemy towers on the Great Wall here are densely packed, usually 50-100 meters each. The wall is based on huge rocks, 5-8 meters high, and has There are horse blocking walls, stacking walls and barrier walls, all in various forms and with their own characteristics. It is known as "the Great Wall of China, the only beautiful mountain in Jinshan".

7. Shanhaiguan Great Wall.

Shanhaiguan Great Wall is where the Great Wall enters the sea. The Great Wall currently in Shanhaiguan is 26 kilometers long, mainly including: Laolongtou Great Wall, South Wing Great Wall, Guancheng Great Wall, North Wing Great Wall, Jiaoshan Great Wall, Sandaoguan Great Wall and Jiumenmen Great Wall. Laolongtou Great Wall is the end part of the Great Wall that enters the sea. It has a high reputation as the "Soul of China".

Shanhaiguan City consists of seven castles: Guancheng, Dongluo City, Xiluo City, South Wing City, North Wing City, Weiyuan City and Ninghai City. It is surrounded by seven castles with a length of 4769 meters, a height of 11.6 meters, The city wall is more than 10 meters thick, tall, solid and majestic. There are four city gates in the east, west, south and north, turrets in the southeast and northeast corners of the city, and a majestic bell and drum tower in the middle of the city.

The entire Acropolis has a magnificent building scale and solid defense projects. Shanhaiguan is the product of the "Guardian Military System" created in the Ming Dynasty. The "field system" and reform policies of the Ming Dynasty played an important role in the consolidation and development of Shanhaiguan.

8. Jiayuguan Great Wall.

The Jiayuguan Great Wall is the starting point of the western end of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. It was built in the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1372). It is currently the most complete preserved city gate, the first pass in Hexi, and an important stop on the Silk Road. The city gate is a complete defense system composed of inner city, outer city and moat. The city gates we see now are mainly inner city, built with rammed loess and covered with city bricks, which is strong and majestic. The city walls at both ends of the city gate cross the Gobi, and you can feel the desolation of the lonely city in the desert. Modern Xiao Cao's poem "The Great Wall" gives a true interpretation: "The wind blows in the desert thousands of mountains away, the snow dances in Qilian in the cold June; I climb up the wall platform to discuss the Chu and Han Dynasties, and the Great Wall Jiayu sees the heroic pass" gives a true interpretation.

9. Dajingmen Great Wall.

Dajingmen Great Wall is located in the urban area of ??Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. It is the only pass in the Great Wall named after a gate. One of the four major passes of the Great Wall. The Dajingmen Great Wall was built during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. It is located between the towering East and West Taiping Mountains. It is the key pass of the Great Wall and the key to the border pass. The door wall of Dajingmen is 12 meters high, 13 meters long at the bottom and 9 meters wide. On the west side is the Xijing Gate (Xiaojing Gate) built during the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty. The scenic area includes the West Taiping Mountain Great Wall Park, Laiyuan Fort, Xiaojingmen, Guandi Temple, Erlang Temple, Shanshen Temple, and many other historical sites of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the "first gate of the Great Wall of China".

Legends and stories of the Great Wall:

1. Meng Jiangnu cried at the Great Wall.

In ancient times, Old Man Meng and Old Man Jiang were neighbors, separated only by a wall. One spring, Old Man Meng planted a gourd seed in his yard. After careful cultivation by watering and fertilizing, the gourd seed grew tall and fat. It climbed over the wall and formed a large gourd seed in Old Man Jiang's yard. The gourd weighs dozens of kilograms. When the gourd was ripe, Old Man Jiang took a knife to cut it open. Suddenly he saw a white, fat, and very cute girl lying inside. Old Man Jiang was overjoyed and ran around to tell the news. After hearing about it, the villagers came to watch this fresh gourd. However, the two old men Meng and Jiang had conflicts and had a heated argument. Old Man Meng said very firmly: "I planted this gourd myself, and the fat girl should be mine." But Old Man Jiang said stubbornly: "This gourd was planted in my yard, and this girl should be mine." After three days and three nights of quarreling, there was no solution, and no results were achieved. Later, the villagers mediated and concluded that the baby girl belonged to two families, took turns living in it, and raised them both, and took the name of "Meng Jiangnu" name.

Time flies, the sun and the moon fly by. More than ten years have passed in the blink of an eye, and Meng Jiangnu has grown up. One day, Meng Jiangnu was picking gourds when she found someone hiding behind the gourd stand. Just as Meng Jiangnu was about to call someone, the person covered her mouth. Later, the man told Meng Jiangnu that his name was Fan Xiliang, and he hid behind the gourd stand to avoid being arrested by officers and soldiers for building the Great Wall. After that, Fan Xiliang moved into Meng Jiangnu's home. As the saying goes, love grows over time. Fan Xiliang married Meng Jiangnv with the consent of Meng and Jiang's parents. Something unexpected happened. On the day of the wedding, the groom was kidnapped by several government officials. Fan Xiliang was assigned to serve as a civilian husband to build the Great Wall. A year passed in the blink of an eye, and there was no news from Fan Xiliang. Meng Jiangnu was so anxious that she couldn't eat or sleep. She didn't know what to do. After discussing with the elderly from the two families, she decided to look for her husband and vowed not to go home if she couldn't find him.

She took dry food and special warm clothes for her husband and hit the road. Along the way, she was exposed to wind, rain, sun, wind, cold, hunger and cold, and the journey was difficult. After traveling thousands of miles with great difficulties and dangers, she finally found the place where the Great Wall was built. After asking about it, she found out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband Fan Xiliang died of exhaustion long ago and was buried under the Great Wall. His body was never found. The news was like a bolt from the blue. Meng Jiangnu immediately burst into tears with tears like springs and thunderous sounds. She cried so loudly that the sky was dark and the earth was dark. She watched the Great Wall collapse bit by bit. It collapsed wherever she cried, covering a distance of eight hundred miles. long. The engineering director was so anxious that he hurriedly reported to Qin Shihuang, who was here to inspect the progress of the project. Qin Shihuang hurriedly went to see Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. As soon as he saw her, he was fascinated by her beauty and insisted on naming her "the Empress of the Palace". Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still suppressed the hatred in her heart. She had an idea and decided to make Qin Shihuang agree to her three conditions in order to become the "empress of the palace." First, the body of her husband Fan Xiliang must be found; second, a state funeral must be held for her husband; third, Qin Shihuang must bury Fan Xiliang in mourning and with flags. After listening to the three conditions Meng Jiangnu put forward, Qin Shihuang thought for a moment, and in order to get the extremely beautiful Meng Jiangnu, he agreed bravely. After Meng Jiangnu wore a filial piety and paid homage to the tomb of Fan Xiliang, who died for building the city, her long-cherished wish was fulfilled, and she faced the rolling of the Bohai Sea, jumped into the sea and committed suicide.

2. Transporting stones on ice roads.

When the Great Wall of Jiayuguan was built, tens of thousands of stone strips 2 meters long, 0.5 meters wide and 0.3 meters thick were needed. After the craftsmen cut the stone strips in the Black Mountains, no one could lift them. It cannot be pulled by a cart, and the mountains are high and the roads are far away, making it impossible to transport it. Everyone was worried while cutting the stone strips. Seeing that the mid-winter season was coming, one piece of stone strips had not yet been transported from the mountain. If the construction period was delayed, no wages were small, and this head would be in danger. Everyone was sighing, when suddenly there was a muffled thunder on the top of the mountain, and a piece of brocade silk floated down from the white clouds. The craftsmen quickly caught it, and saw a few lines of words faintly visible on it. After reading it, everyone suddenly realized and acted accordingly.

When winter arrived, everyone built a road from the mountain to Guancheng, poured water on the road to form an ice road, and then placed the stone bars on the ice road for sliding transportation. As a result, the stone bars were transported to the foot of Jiayuguan City very smoothly. , not only did it not delay the construction period, but it also saved a lot of time. In order to thank God for his protection, the craftsmen built temples near Guancheng to enshrine the gods, and it became a place that craftsmen must visit after they left the profession.

3. Goats carry bricks.

In Jiayuguan City, the city wall is 9 meters high. Dozens of pavilions of different sizes and numerous stacked walls must be built on the city wall. The amount of bricks used is amazing. At that time, the construction conditions were very difficult. Poor, there is no lifting equipment, all depends on manual handling. At that time, the bricks used in Xiuguan City were fired 40 miles away. After the bricks are fired, they are pulled down to Guancheng on an ox cart and then carried up manually. Due to the height of the city, the only road that could go up and down had a steep slope, making it difficult to go up and down. Although many people were sent to carry bricks on the city wall, and they were all exhausted, the supply of bricks was still in short supply, and the progress of the project was seriously affected. One day, a kid who was herding sheep came here to play with the sheep. Seeing this scene, he had an idea. He took off his belt, tied a brick on each end, and put it on the goat. Then, he patted the goat's back with his hand. The lightweight goat Carrying bricks on his back, he climbed up the city wall at a trot. People were surprised and happy to see it, and they followed suit one after another. A large number of bricks were soon transported to the city wall.

4. Hit the stone Yanming.

According to legend, in ancient times, a pair of swallows nested in the Rouyuan Gate of Jiayuguan Pass. Early one morning, two swallows flew out of the pass. At dusk, the female swallow flew back first. When the male swallow flew back, the gate was closed and could not enter, so she screamed sadly and touched the wall and died. For this reason, the female swallow was heartbroken and cried out from time to time. "Chirp chirp" the swallows chirped sadly until they died. After his death, his spirit remains. Whenever someone hits the wall with a stone, he will make a chirping sound and tell people. In ancient times, people regarded the sound of swallows singing in Jiayuguan Pass as an auspicious sound. When the general went out to fight, his wife would hit the wall to pray. Praying on the wall has become a custom.

5. Ten Thousand Years of Gray and Yanjing City.

People say that it was the first Great Wall built by Qin Shihuang. In fact, he did not build the Great Wall in the first place. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period before Qin Shihuang, there was a King of Yan. His territory was small, his troops were few, and his strength was weak. He was in danger of being eaten by his neighboring countries at any time. In order to protect the territory, the King of Yan recruited civilians and built high walls on the top of the mountains on the border of his territory to prevent foreign enemies from invading.

Because there was no lime at that time, the walls, stones and bricks he built were all plastered with mud. In order to gain time and repair the city wall as soon as possible, he ordered that work would not stop during the winter. It was cold and hot water was needed to make mud, so the workers carried the big iron pot to the construction site, propped it up with three stones, and added firewood to boil the water. Over time, a big hole was burned in the iron pot, and all the water in the pot leaked out; the fire under the pot was doused. But the villagers also unexpectedly discovered that water was sprinkled on the stone supporting the pot, and the hot stone exploded when it met the water, exploding a lot of white noodles. The villagers looked at it and thought about it, which was strange. Someone mixed the white flour with water and found it to be more moisturizing and sticky than mud, so he smeared it into the cracks of stone strips and bricks. The next day, the villagers discovered that the stone strips and brick joints plastered with this white flour were much stronger than those plastered with mud. The people of Yan State were inspired. From then on, they burned lime to wipe the cracks in the city wall.

Later, Qin Shihuang unified China. In order to prevent the Chinese nation from being conquered by the Xiongnu, he also imitated the method of King Yan and built the Great Wall. When the construction started, he issued an order to let the original Yan people take over the work of burning lime. Therefore, all the lime used to build the Great Wall at that time was burned by people from the Yan state. Ashes were burned on the hillsides wherever the Great Wall was built, and the quality of the burned ash was so good that it was called ten thousand-year ash by later generations, which means it will not deteriorate for ten thousand years.

After the construction of the Great Wall was completed, other people went back to their own ways