On the Tourism Development of Pan-Yan Di Cultural Sites in Hunan Province

On the Tourism Development of Pan-Yan Di Cultural Sites in Hunan Province

Emperor Yan left many legends all over the country, especially in Hunan. Yuchanyan site, Gaomiao site and Chengtoushan site are the most important Neolithic cultural relics in Hunan. They respectively represent the earliest rice farming, religious culture and urban civilization of the Chinese nation. These sites coincide with the legend of Emperor Yan, and together they can form a pan-emperor culture. We should build tourism development projects according to the different contents of the site, so as to make them unique and integrated.

Keywords: Pan-Yan emperor culture; Yuchanyan site; Gaomiao site; Chengtoushan site; Tourism development

Hunan has Yandi Mausoleum, Shundi Mausoleum, Leizu Mausoleum, Second Concubine Mausoleum and Shanjuan Mausoleum. There are legends of Nanyue and Zhu Rong, one of the five mountains, but they have been regarded as wild places since the Western Zhou Dynasty. From the archaeological excavations in recent years and the research results of ancient literature and legends, we can know that the origin of Chinese civilization is diverse and integrated, and Hunan is the earliest source of Chinese cultural integration. Archaeologically, there are Yuchanyan Site in Daoxian County, Hongjiang Gaomiao Site in Huaihua, Chengtoushan Ancient City in Lixian County and the earliest paddy field in China discovered 6,500 years ago. This series of archaeological cultures constitute the source of Chinese civilization, and they are all related to Emperor Yan, which can be called Pan-Emperor Yan culture. These potential ancient cultural tourism resources cannot sleep underground or in warehouses. We should vigorously promote and develop it into a tourist attraction.

1. Leading the tourism resources of ancient cultural sites in Hunan with Yan Di culture.

Yan Di Shennong is said to be the ancestor of China's civilization, agriculture, medicine, commerce and music, and also the founder of tea culture. In China literature, many ancient inventions were attributed to Emperor Yan, and solidified into a kind of spirit, called the spirit of Emperor Yan. It is an important part of China's traditional spirit. Promoting Yan Di culture in relevant places in Yan Di is conducive to carrying forward the spirit of Yan Di and enhancing national cohesion.

It is said that Emperor Yan had seventeen generations, or eight generations, or seventy generations. He searched for food and medicine from the north to the south, and finally found primitive rice in Hunan, and established the Gulishan country. Since then, China has started the process of agricultural civilization. Therefore, it is normal that there are legends of Emperor Yan everywhere from Shaanxi to Hubei and Hunan. His tribe has lived in Hunan for a long time, so it is normal that there are legends of Emperor Yan all over Hunan. Yandiling in Yanling County, Zhuzhou City has been initially developed into a tourist attraction.

Legend has it that Emperor Yan was the ancestor of agriculture, so the artificial rice unearthed in Daoxian county has a certain connection with Shennong's invention of agriculture. There is Jiahe County near Dao County, and the literature records are related to Shennong. Records of Guiyang Prefecture: Cloud:? The Oracle bones fell from heaven, and Shennong took it, and Qitianling plowed north. This land is called a river barn, and then a county is set up. ? Hengxiang historical records:? The emperor's craftsmen made a red surname system and buried it in Leishan, Chenzhou. ? So Shennong opened the first page of the vast history of agriculture in China. Jiahe county, an ancient name? Wozangbao? Qing Li rebuilt Nan Yue Zhi and quoted Xiang Heng Zhi Yun. Guiyang County has Qijiang River in the north and Jiahe County in the south. According to legend, in Emperor Yan's world, golden crops fell from the sky, and the emperor picked them to teach people to farm and used their land as a barn. Postposition county, named Jiahe. ? The site of Gaomiao Temple is also related to Emperor Yan. There's one recently? What did Emperor Yan will say? Mr. Yang Guosheng and others put forward many reasons, including many place names in Huitong County of Huaihua, such as Lianshan, Bagua Temple and Huitong, which are all related to Emperor Yan. In addition, several ancient books cited by it can also be studied. Such as: Spring and Autumn Latitude in the Eastern Han Dynasty? Yuan mingbao:? The princess of Shaodian, An Deng, traveled to Huayang. The first feeling of the dragon is Changyang, who was born in Shennong and has a long face and is good at farming. Is her name Shennong? She is the son of heaven. . Shan Hai Jing? "The Wild West Classic" clearly records: Great Wushan Mountain, the golden mountain, the southwest, the middle corner of the great wilderness, and the mountains are always sheep? . The Jin Dynasty's Fu Taoji contains a brief introduction to clear characters: Shennong was born in central Guizhou? , and according to the "Huitong County Records", in conjunction with the ancient genus? In central Guizhou? Land.

According to the author's textual research, Emperor Yan seems to be related to the ancient city of Chengtoushan. Shennong, also known as Shanshi Lie, is said to have established Lishan Kingdom in Hunan. Reading historical records for minutes: Lishui: Li San in the south of Zhou originates from Lishan Mountain in the west of Cili, flows eastward with fresh water, flows eastward in Shimen County, reaches the lower part of Zhou Cheng, 70 miles north of Zhou and 25 miles east of Zhou, and gathers together and flows into Dongting. Song of the South:? Yu is in Zhangpu? I am Lishui and Lanjiang. It can be seen that force, force, reason and meaning are interlinked. Today, there are Lixian County in the west of Hunan, Liling City and Yanling County in the east, all in ancient Changsha. Nan Yuezhi? Qian Xian quoted Wang Wanshu as saying: (Emperor Yan) [Shennong] Seven generations have lived in Changsha. ? This ancient Changsha, including Lixian County, may be the Chengtou Mountain City in Lixian County, because the Yan Emperor era can be combined with the ancient city.

Therefore, it is entirely possible that three Neolithic sites in Hunan are related to Emperor Yan. Take Yandi culture as the forerunner of these tourism resources, make them form a whole, and make the whole Hunan antique.

2. Development of Yuchanyan Site and Tourism Cultural Circle in Daoxian County.

(1) Yuchanyan site and its development value

Yuchanyan (commonly known as toad cave) site is located in Shouyan Town, which is 16 km northwest of Dao County, Hunan Province. It is a prehistoric cave site with simple cultural nature and rich cultural connotation, showing the transition from Paleolithic culture to Neolithic culture. The age is 1. Twenty thousand years ago. The most important thing is to find the remains of rice and primitive pottery fragments. Four pieces of rice were unearthed (it is reported that more pieces have been found in recent years), and rice silicate was analyzed in soil samples accumulated by culture. According to experts' analysis and identification, the rice unearthed in Yuchanyan is the most primitive type of ancient cultivated rice, which has the comprehensive characteristics of wild rice, indica rice and japonica rice, and evolved from ordinary wild rice to cultivated rice in the early stage. This is the earliest artificially cultivated rice specimen found in the world at present, and it is a rare material to explore the time and place of rice cultivation and the evolution history of rice. The primitive pottery has a low temperature, a large amount of coarse sand, loose texture, and is restored to a pot-shaped vessel with an open inclined wall and a sharp bottom. This is one of the earliest known pottery products in China, and it is of great value to explore the origin and development of pottery-making technology in China. 1February 1996, Yuchanyan site in Daoxian county was selected11995, the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China. In March of 200 1 year, Yuchanyan site was listed as one of the new archaeological discoveries in China 100 in the 20th century. In July of 200 1 year, it was approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Yuchanyan is becoming the focus of scientific history at home and abroad. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the cultural tourism of ancient rice cultivation in Yuchanyan, Hunan Province. It can attract tourists from China and even the whole world, and has a broad development prospect.

(2) The surrounding tourism resources and the development of ancient rice-growing tourism cultural circle Yuchanyan site can form an ancient cultural relic tourism cultural circle with the legend of Emperor Yan of Shennong in Jiahe County, the Shundi Mausoleum in ningyuan county, the Ivory Temple in Daoxian County, Zhou Dunyi's hometown, Jiangyong Nvshu and Yao culture nearby, with an inner diameter of about 40 kilometers.

The tourist area of Yuchanyan site can consider the following tourism projects:

1), ancient residential villages: In the site area, including the caves of the site and the nearby mountains and rivers, ancient residential villages can be set up to reproduce the life scenes of the original residents 10,000 years ago. Such as farming gardens, living rooms, pottery fields, slopes, fishing and hunting grounds, etc. We should try our best to create an ancient environment.

2) Shennong Jiahe Pavilion: Set up an exhibition hall near the site to show the deeds of Emperor Shennong of Yan Di, the whole process from primitive rice to artificial rice, and the original cultivation techniques of farm tools, seeds, grains, vegetables, melons and other crops and other agricultural historical knowledge.

3) Experience Hall: set up interactive projects and provide interactive facilities for tourists, including fishing, hunting, animal training, stone making, pottery making, rice husking, fire making and cooking.

4) Research center of ancient rice culture: an academic research building can be built to provide venues and materials for the research and exchange of ancient rice culture.

Thirdly, the cultural site of Hongjiang Gaomiao and the development of Huaihua tourism circle.

(1) Tourism Resources and Development Value of Gaomiao Cultural Site

Gaomiao Site is located in Liyan Village, Chatou Township, about 5 kilometers northeast of Anjiang Town, hongjiang city, Hunan Province. Hunan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology actively excavated twice in 199 1 and 2004, with an exposed area of 530 square meters.

Archaeologists discovered a large-scale sacrificial place in the late period of Gaomiao culture, about 7000 years ago. It has a complete set of ceremonies, sacrifices, human sacrifices, cellars and meeting places, which are extremely rare in the sites of the same period in southern China.

Found images about 7800 years ago, including phoenix, tusk, sun pattern and octagonal star pattern, which are supernatural images. Referring to the discovery of a large sacrificial site in this site, it can be confirmed that these pottery decorated with the above images belong to ritual vessels. These ritual vessels came from such an ancient period, which opened a new chapter for tracing the origin of prehistoric religious art in China. The tusk animal face pattern appeared in Hemudu culture, Liangzhu culture and later Xia and Shang cultural sites, but it was thousands of years later than Gaomiao site. What about this? A statue of a farmer with fangs? The pattern of composition has spread to all agricultural areas in China, such as Liangzhu culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture, Yangshao culture, bronze culture, Sanxingdui bronze culture in Sichuan and Xingan bronze culture in Jiangxi. , these are all wonderful? A statue of a farmer with fangs? Inheritance and development of composition pattern. Today, the Nuo masks used by ethnic minorities in Wuxi are the same as those used more than 7,000 years ago. A statue of a farmer with fangs? The striking similarity shows that the ancient customs are still preserved in this area.

Phoenix is a legendary bird with totem significance. Historians and archaeologists have always believed that it was discovered at Hemudu site. Two birds in the morning? Ivory carving is the earliest in China? Phoenix totem? . However, the white pottery pots unearthed from the site of Gaomiao are printed with patterns of oriental birds (including animal faces and the sun) on their necks and shoulders, one facing forward and the other facing backward. Although it has been immersed in the years, it is still vivid. According to expert appraisal, Shui Yuan Phoenix is 400 years earlier than Hemudu Phoenix. Excavated from the site of Gaomiao Temple? The sun? Painted pottery is an early Neolithic pottery handicraft with a history of more than 7400 years. According to textual research, the animal face pattern attached to the pottery of Gaomiao is thousands of years earlier than that of the same family in Liaoning, with a long history and unique in China. In addition, the earliest white pottery products were unearthed. This may be the original birthplace of China white pottery. It reveals a large number of important relics such as tribal leaders and couples' tombs in the upper strata of the Gaomiao Temple. This monogamous tomb appeared about 2500 years earlier than Dawenkou and other places in the past. Thus indicating the approximate appearance time of the paternal clan.

In addition, the teeth of domesticated domestic pigs were unearthed at the site of Gaomiao, indicating that the local animal domestication industry existed nearly 8,000 years ago. A bamboo mat under the skeleton of a 7,400-year-old female corpse was unearthed. There is no visual difference between the film and the similar products now, which shows that the production process is very exquisite and exquisite. According to experts' determination, mats are more important than bamboo mats, baskets and baskets found in Liangzhu cultural site in Zhejiang. Older? More than 2000 years of history. As a result, the high temple has become the earliest known bamboo handicraft in China.

The exquisite jade articles such as jade Huang and jade block in the tombs of ancient tribal leaders and couples in Gaomiao cultural site are amazing in their exquisite drilling technology. The holes in these jade articles are thin and smooth, and only embroidery needles can pass through them.

The development of this site should fully display the highly developed ancient civilization in Huaihua area 7,000 years ago, and its religious culture, white pottery, handicrafts and other leading positions in the country. In particular, the comprehensive pattern composed of phoenix, gluttony, octagonal and sun pattern is the source of religious culture in China.

(2) Develop the cultural tourism circle of Gaomiao Temple and its surrounding tourism resources.

Huaihua is one of the key tourist cities in Hunan Province, with unique and superior location advantages, good ecological environment, beautiful mountains and rivers, numerous places of interest and charming folk customs. There are 9 national key cultural relics protection units, 5 national nature reserves 1, 5 provincial scenic spots and 3 provincial forest parks in the city. Huaihua area is also the land of Pan Hu in ancient legend, with many records and historical sites, which can be developed together.

The development of this area is mainly the site museum. In addition to protecting important sites, the following exhibition halls can be set up:

1), China exhibition hall of religious culture source.

It mainly displays the sacrificial relics and ritual vessels unearthed from the site, as well as various cultural relics such as Feng Huangwen, animal face patterns (gluttonous patterns), octagonal patterns and sun patterns. At the same time, the replicas of Hemudu, Liangzhu culture and similar decorations in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are displayed to make it clear that the origin of mainstream religions in China is in Hunan.

2), men's and women's graves and patrilineal clan culture exhibition hall.

This paper mainly shows a number of male and female tombs unearthed in this site and their funerary objects, revealing the social and cultural development of this culture. At the same time, Dawenkou culture and other male and female burial tombs and their funerary objects, as well as pottery ancestors (male genital pottery) appearing in various places, are exhibited to reveal the order and level of patriarchal clan system development in various places.

3), handicrafts and production tools exhibition hall

The main exhibits include jade jade, jade block, ivory and other exquisite jade articles, bamboo mats and white pottery under the female human skeleton, and the development track of various handicrafts is expounded. Show similar products of the same period in the country to reflect its development level.

4) Neolithic and Paleolithic Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall

Many Paleolithic and Neolithic sites have been unearthed near Hongjiang area. Cultural relics are rich and colorful and can be collected here for people to visit. It is reported that the clues to the development of Neolithic culture here are clear, so the development sequence of archaeological culture here can be exhibited at the same time.

5) Living Park of Ancient Residents

The display design is similar to Yuchan Rock.

Four, Lixian Chengtoushan ancient city site and its tourism development.

Chengtoushan Ancient City Site is located in the middle of Liyang Plain, Nanyue Village, Chexi Township, and 10 km northwest of Lixian County. 199 1? During the period of 1999, experts from inside and outside Hunan Province organized nine scientific excavations on this site, which was confirmed as the oldest (about 6200 years ago), the most complete and rich in connotation. There are residential areas, pottery-making areas, tombs and sacrificial areas in the city. The design of Chengtoushan ancient city and the construction of its city walls are quite large. The city plane is circular, with four gates, east, west, north and south, and the area within the city wall is about 80,000 square meters. Outer ring of the city wall 30? A moat 40 meters wide. 65438+1 00000 cubic meters of soil rammed by digging a river, with a length of1000 meters, a bottom width of more than 30 meters and a height of 4? 5 meters of magnificent city walls, city walls and moats cover an area of 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. A large number of stylized foundation buildings, well-equipped pottery workshops, wide avenues and dense overlapping public tombs have been excavated in the city. According to Japanese scholars who participated in the research, the earliest sintered brick in China was discovered, which was used by the ancients to spread on the ground and pavement of palaces. The world's earliest ancient paddy field (6500 years ago) was excavated on the north side of the east gate of the ancient city, which proves that this city is the earliest ancient city in China, worthy of its name? China's first ancient city? .

The site of Chengtoushan ancient city has extremely important academic value, which is recognized not only by domestic experts and scholars, but also by the world. In 1996, this city site was declared as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council, and was rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China twice, and the winner of this honor was the only one in China. In recent years, scholars from Japan, South Korea, Britain, Germany, Taiwan Province Province and other countries and regions have visited here. Domestic and foreign news media and academic journals have widely reported this. 1March, 995 * * * Chairman visited Lixian County, signed by himself? Chengtoushan Ancient Cultural Site? . The people of Lixian plan to raise 30 million yuan to start building one on the original site? Chengtoushan Ancient Cultural Relics Museum? . After the museum is completed, it is adjacent to Yueyang Tower in Dongting in the east, Wulingyuan, Zhangjiajie and Jiashan Temple in the west, Taohuayuan in the south and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in the north. By then, tourists from all over the country and at home and abroad will be able to experience the ancient civilization of China more than 6,000 years ago.

Chengtou Mountain City Ruins Museum should not only show the excavation contents of this site, but also pay attention to the whole process of the origin of civilization, and display the elements of civilization all over the country together, so that people can have a more complete impression of the origin of ancient civilization.

At present, the management office of Chengtoushan Cultural Site in Lixian County, Changde City, Hunan Province has recruited * * as a developer online, and plans to build in and around Chengtoushan Site in Lixian County? Humanity and nature? Compound theme park, * * * covers an area of 320 hectares, with 60 antique settlements and life experience areas, 1 large water amusement park, 1 country temple, 1 ancient city museum and 7 cultural relics protection museums, with a total construction area of17,000 square meters. When completed, it will become a tourist attraction.

These ideas are good. I think there should be two exhibition areas: city ruins and parks. The urban ruins area shows the cut ancient city walls, moats, central terraces, buildings, roads and gates. In addition to the above-mentioned park projects, there should be two large exhibition halls in the museum exhibition area. One is the cultural relics exhibition hall in the city site and its vicinity, which displays the cultural relics of Daxi and Qujialing in the city site and many nearby sites; The second is the China Ancient City Site and Civilization Origin Exhibition Hall, which displays nearly 10 pieces of daxi and Qujialing ancient city models and related cultural relics excavated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and displays nearly 50 prehistoric ancient city models and cultural relics or cultural relics replicas in China.

V. Strategy of combining publicity with development

According to the analysis and research on the legends of Emperor Yan and ancient cultural relics, we think that tourism development should be strengthened in the following aspects.

(A) to strengthen the integration of publicity to attract all kinds of tourists.

We should take Yan Di culture as a clue to promote Huxiang ancient site as a whole, so that people can? First of all, Hunan people themselves changed the concept of barbarians and realized that ancient Hunan was in 1. During the 8,000 years from 20,000 years ago to 4,000 years ago, Hunan (to be exact, Jingchu) was the dominant culture of China and the source of Chinese culture. Let the tourists be full of curiosity and strengthen their determination to come here. It can also attract tourists who study and inspect ancient culture, and it is also a good place for patriotism and ideological education.

(2) Integrated support development.

In addition to Yandiling and the above three sites, there are many ancient cultural tourism resources that can be developed in Hunan. Such as Huangling Temple in Xiangyin County, Yaoling and Yuling in Youxian County, Second Concubine's Tomb in Junshan, Leizu's Tomb in Nanyue, Shanjuan's Tomb in Changde, Pan Hu's Ruins in Xiangxi, and Rong, Xiong Huan, Xiong Yi, Laolaizi and other historical sites in eastern Hunan and northern Hunan. Coupled with the Liye Qin bamboo slips in Longshan, it can be developed and publicized as a whole, forming a series of characteristic brand tourism resources in Hunan. In addition, according to Road History, there are more than 200 graves of Yan Di family in Luzhu Town, Chaling County. It can become a top tourist attraction. In order to enhance the confidence in promoting and developing ancient cultural tourism in Hunan.

(3) Features and key points.

When developing the tourism resources of ancient cultural relics and historical sites in Hunan, we should highlight the characteristics of each scenic spot to make it both * * * and more personalized. Yandiling focuses on seeking roots to worship ancestors, Yuchanyan in Daoxian focuses on ancient rice culture, Hongjiang Temple focuses on ancient religion and productivity level, Chengtou Mountain in Lixian focuses on the origin of civilization and urban culture, and Yao Di officials can focus on ancient astronomical calendar culture.

(D) Develop a series of tourism products to promote overall economic growth.

We should make a fuss about ancient culture and create a series of characteristic tourism products. Such as: books to promote the spirit of Emperor Yan, statues of Emperor Yan, handicrafts with decorative patterns in high temples, astronomical calendar tools? Hutuluo book, replica of commemorative cultural relics, etc.

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The above cultural relics tourism resources we want to develop are all national key cultural relics, which can be borrowed from chickens to lay eggs and get state funding and people's sponsorship. Local investment is small and quick. They are all located in remote and poverty-stricken areas in Hunan, so we should do everything possible to seize the opportunity, shine brilliantly and accelerate development. While developing tourism, road construction and civil engineering will not only promote the local economic development, but also promote the development of the tertiary industry. The development of these scenic spots will attract domestic and foreign tourists and promote Hunan's overall and comprehensive economic growth.