The concept of "ice and snow tourism"

Ice and snow tourism belongs to the category of eco-tourism. It is the general name of various forms of tourism activities that take ice and snow climate tourism resources as the main tourist attraction and experience the connotation of ice and snow culture. This is a highly participatory, experiential and exciting tourism product. 1. Participatory ice and snow tourism [1] is highly participatory. On the one hand, this feature is determined by the origin of ice and snow tourism, and the development and utilization of ice and snow resources originated from the daily activities of ancient nationalities; On the other hand, this is determined by the needs of tourists. In the cold winter, it is not enough to just watch the beautiful scenery of ice and snow statically. Tourists expect to participate in ice and snow sports and have fun in the ice and snow.

|

? Ice and snow tourism belongs to the category of eco-tourism. It is the general name of various forms of tourism activities that take ice and snow climate tourism resources as the main tourist attraction and experience the connotation of ice and snow culture. This is a highly participatory, experiential and exciting tourism product.

1. Participatory ice and snow tourism [1] is highly participatory. On the one hand, this feature is determined by the origin of ice and snow tourism, and the development and utilization of ice and snow resources originated from the daily activities of ancient nationalities; On the other hand, this is determined by the needs of tourists. In the cold winter, it is not enough to just watch the beautiful scenery of ice and snow statically. Tourists expect to participate in ice and snow sports and have fun in the ice and snow. 2. In the northeast experience, visitors can see the scenery of the north, thousands of miles of ice, Wan Li snow, indulge in the snow, experience the true meaning of ice and snow tourism, and appreciate the charm of ice and snow: skiing passionately in the snow forest and enjoying the pleasure of freedom; Driving a snowmobile on an icy lake in the vast snowy area, and enjoying the charm of the silvery white world in the north; Galloping on the vast snowfield and feeling the life interest of nomadic people; Run on the snow and ice by dog sledge and enjoy the scenery in the north. 3. Longer stay, higher tourism consumption and higher revisit rate. Because of the strong participation and experience of ice and snow tourism, tourists spend a relatively long time playing, resulting in higher tourism consumption. Compared with traditional sightseeing, ice and snow tourism is a high-consumption tourism activity. For example, skiing needs to pay a certain cost in terms of equipment, while holiday travel needs to bear higher catering and accommodation costs. In addition, the revisiting rate of ice and snow tourism is high, with many repeat customers and high repeated consumption rate. Especially skiing, as a sport, many people may become lifelong skiers. 4. Strong dependence on resources. The development of ice and snow tourism is highly dependent on resources, which requires both cold climate conditions and suitable terrain conditions. Because the countries and regions that have the conditions to develop ice and snow tourism must be in the cold temperate zone or the middle temperate zone geographically, the average temperature in June and February of 65438+ is about -30℃ ~- 18℃ every year, and the mountainous areas are more than the flat areas, with generally gentle slopes and long snow periods. It is impossible to build a ski resort if there is only a cold climate but there are no mountains with suitable slopes. There are many mountains at low latitudes, so it is unlikely that there will be natural snowfall. 5. Fitness and leisure skiing is an important part of ice and snow tourism. Participating in sports activities can exercise, eliminate fatigue and improve health. For people who live and work in cities for a long time, they can adjust the pressure brought by fast-paced work and help to get rid of the monotony and troubles of life. Exercising in the unique ice and snow environment not only enhances people's ability to keep out the cold, improves their physique and health level, but also achieves the purpose of relaxing mood, regulating physiology and fitness and leisure. (1) Sightseeing 1, ice sculpture (exhibition) takes ice as raw material, which can be divided into various forms according to specific needs, such as decorative ice sculpture, wine injection ice sculpture, wedding ice sculpture, ice sculpture container, ice sculpture bar, holiday ice sculpture and so on. China is famous for its Harbin Ice Sculpture Festival and the annual ice sculpture competition. 2. Ice Lantern (Exhibition/Conference) Ice Lantern integrates ice sculpture art and lighting art, and is divided into indoor ice lantern exhibition and outdoor ice lantern exhibition. For example, Ditan Ice Lantern Exhibition is a perennial indoor ice lantern exhibition, which integrates the essence of Chinese and foreign sculpture art, with an exhibition area of about 1500 square meters. * * There are more than 30 groups of works with more than 65,438+0,000 pieces. There are ice sculptures and works that reflect the traditional folk stories in China, such as the Zodiac, the Three Treasures in Northeast China, and the Harvest of Grains. There are also children's favorite fairy tale characters, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, monkeys fishing for the moon and other exquisite ice sculptures, as well as the famous Tiananmen Gate, exotic flowers and exotic plants, European love and other ice buildings, especially the rare natural ice and snow scenery in Northeast China such as tree hanging and ice sculptures. Another example is the Harbin Ice Lantern Festival, which is on display in the park. Visitors can not only visit the annual Ice Lantern Festival, but also participate in various dazzling snow activities in Northeast China, such as sailing on ice, sledding, skating, skiing or attending ice weddings, ice and snow cultural parties and so on. 3. The ice waterfall condenses into a beautiful one in the cold season. For example, the first waterfall in JD.COM, Beijing, condenses into an ice waterfall in winter, as well as the Jiuzhaigou Ice Waterfall in Sichuan and the Longtan Ice Waterfall in Liaoning. 4. snow sculpture (Exhibition)? Snow sculpture, also known as snow sculpture, is a three-dimensional plastic art carved from snow blanks made of snow, also known as ice sculpture art, including ice lanterns and ice sculptures. The compressed snow blank has hardness and can be carved. In addition, snow is sticky and can be piled up, which makes snow sculpture not only have the rough and honest style of stone carving, but also have the characteristics of delicate and round tooth carving. It is thick in form, strong in space, silvery white and holy, shiny and elegant. Although snow sculpture's life span is short compared with other sculptures, snow sculpture's works are more aura than stone carvings and clay sculptures. The 14th Harbin was held. 40,000 cubic meters, 45,000 cubic meters in the fifteenth session, and the number of works has increased to more than 400. By the sixteenth session in 2004, the amount of snow used reached 90,000 cubic meters, exceeding the sum of the previous two sessions, and an additional 50,000 cubic meters of ice scenery was added. The exhibition area has also been expanded from the previous 350,000 square meters to 900,000 square meters. Cables, wires and lamps are buried, and it is also open to tourists at night. 5. Ice-hung rime, commonly known as tree hanging, is a natural phenomenon similar to the first frost that can be seen in winter in the north, and it is a kind of ice and snow beauty. It is due to the accumulation of frozen and sticky water droplets below zero degrees Celsius in the fog on branches and other objects with the wind, which is manifested as white opaque granular structure deposits. Therefore, rime phenomenon is very common in northern China, and it is also common in southern mountainous areas, as long as there are cooling water droplets in the fog. For example, Jilin Rime, known as one of the four natural wonders of China, attracts tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists from afar every year. (2) Sports and leisure 1. Competitive sports on ice mainly include: speed skating, short track speed skating, figure skating, ice hockey, sledding, as well as skating, curling, curling and other sports. 2. Snow sports mainly include: snowboarding, snowboarding, freestyle skiing, alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, platform skiing, flying snow, double skiing, stunt skiing, snow ballet, downhill skiing, winged skiing, multi-person skiing, forest skiing and other modern skiing events. 3. Other leisure sports mainly refer to ice-snow related leisure sports other than competitive sports, such as ice climbing, ice hot wheels, snow mountain climbing, simulated skiing, simulated skating, ski machine, snow football, ice fishing and winter swimming. (3) Festivals play an important role in enhancing the popularity and attraction of scenic spots, and ice and snow tourism is no exception, especially some festivals and ice and snow activities combined with local folk customs, which expand the market of ice and snow tourism. At present, festivals related to ice and snow tourism include ice and snow tourism festival, ice sculpture art festival, snow sculpture art fair, ice lantern festival, ice waterfall festival and ice fishing festival. (4) Event category 1, professional skiing competitions: freestyle skiing aerial skills World Cup, Vasa international cross-country skiing competition, alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, biathlon and so on. Ice sports competitions: figure skating championships, speed skating, short track speed skating, figure skating, ice hockey, curling and other competitive competitions. Large-scale events are organized by national professional organizations, and small-scale events are generally initiated by small professional groups such as clubs. By holding various professional competitions, tourist destinations or scenic spots have improved the infrastructure construction related to the scenic spots, improved the visibility of the scenic spots, and provided a good platform for tourists to carry out simple ice and snow sports activities. For example, the 24th Universiade will be held in Harbin, and Yabuli Ski Resort will have many projects. By then, more tourists from all over the world will know about Harbin, and more tourists will visit Yabuli Ski Resort before and after the event. 2. Fun Activities Apart from professional activities held in scenic spots, as part of entertainment activities, fun activities are also an important item that tourists often like. Common fun events include ice pool fun competition, snowmobile competition, snowmobile competition, Miss Snowflake trials, snow sculpture competition, tug-of-war on ice, sledge pushing, snow shooting, snow hoop, snow carnival, ice hot wheels and so on. Interesting events are relatively simple, with low risk factor and low professional requirements, and are suitable for the entertainment of mass tourists. (5) Recreation 1, Ice and Snow Amusement Park (Park) Ice and Snow Sightseeing Park (Park) is a comprehensive ice and snow leisure place integrating sightseeing and entertainment. It often includes a variety of entertainment places, such as sand climbing, ski resorts, skating rinks, snowmobile parks and other high-end entertainment facilities, and can also be combined with all festivals. As a scenic spot, it is a relatively independent ice and snow tourism project, which has great attraction to the region and even the whole country. Such as Jiagedaqi Ice and Snow Amusement Park in Daxing 'anling. 2. Recreational items relying on snow and ice in the scenic area: (1) Snow sledge, horse-drawn sledge, dog sledge, snow circle, snowmobile, snowmobile go-kart, snowball bowling, snow sculpture, snowball fight and other snow recreational items. (2) Ice entertainment items include ice sledge, curling, sledge, ice sail, ice monkey, ice single-sided pulley, ice go-kart, ice tanker, etc. 3. Other amusement projects, such as amusement equipment such as game machines, snowmobiles, ski somatosensory machines, and other emerging amusement projects such as icebergs. (6) Performing Arts The ice and snow performing arts activities include ice and snow theatrical performances, ice dancing, ice gymnastics, ice model performances, ice and snow animal training, etc. For example, at the opening ceremony of the Ice and Snow Festival, there were ice dancing, such as ballet and ballroom dancing on ice. In the 9th Harbin Ice and Snow World Art Show, the Ice and Snow World cooperated with the Northern Forest Zoo for the first time to launch the "Northern Ice and Snow Animal Training Show". Lions and tigers showed their fierceness and arrogance in the ice and snow. The humor of black bears will make tourists laugh, and pigs are cute under the command of animal trainers. The rich extension of ice performance pushed the ice performance to a climax. (VII) Other leisure experiences With the rise of leisure tourism, ice and snow tourism has also begun to break through the traditional ice and snow sightseeing and deduce new ways of experience, such as winter picking, ice and snow hot springs, ice hotels, ice museums, ice and snow golf, snow flying saucers, snow archery and snow massage. If you don't pay attention to the change of weather, especially the influence of cold climate on human body, you may be attacked by some diseases. Among the tourists, some are from the south and the north, some have more outdoor activities, and some are the elderly and infirm, who especially need cold and antifreeze. When traveling outdoors in winter, the skin of exposed parts or peripheral parts of human body (such as fingers, toes and cheeks) is stimulated by cold and humidity for a long time, and erythema appears on the skin, which can cause abnormal sensation, and can develop into blisters and ulcers in severe cases. If you stay in a cold environment for too long, it will not only cause skin damage, but also cause systemic diseases. In a cold environment, the incidence of heart disease, stroke, flu, chilblain, arthritis and other diseases will increase significantly. In winter tourism, the weather with low temperature and humidity, high pressure and high wind speed is very common. When the temperature drops from zero to below zero, the number of people with colds will increase sharply in a short time, including many young people. In a cold and dry climate, chronic bronchitis may recur. In order to prevent frostbite, it is important to keep clothes warm. The outermost clothes should be windproof, and you can choose woolen cloth, fur or leather coat; A relatively stagnant air layer can be formed in the down jacket, which has good warmth retention and is the first choice for winter tourism. Underwear should be soft, hygroscopic and breathable, which is beneficial to moisturizing and drying. Try to reduce the exposed parts of the skin, and exercise or massage frequently for the parts that are prone to frostbite. ? If you want to travel in winter without being hurt by the cold climate, it is essential to enhance your cold-proof ability. Adjusting diet and increasing metabolism is an effective way to improve the body's heat production capacity. In fact, in a cold environment, in order to maintain body temperature, the human body must increase its metabolism, and traveling requires a lot of physical strength. Only by increasing the intake of nutrients can we meet the needs of the human body. In winter tourists' diets, the intake of protein, carbohydrates and fats, as well as minerals and vitamins are higher than usual, so we can't overemphasize the restriction of fat and carbohydrates as usual. Lean meat, eggs, fresh fish, bean products and animal liver are good for supplementing human body heat, so you can eat more appropriately. In addition, we should correct the misconception of drinking to keep warm. Alcohol and water cannot produce heat. On the contrary, alcohol can stimulate blood vessels on the body surface, increase blood circulation on the body surface, and make people feel "hot". In fact, the human body is losing heat.