Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Travel guide - Badaling great wall

Badaling great wall

Introduction

Badaling Great Wall, known as one of the nine Great Wall in the world, is the essence of Wan Li Great Wall and one of the most representative Ming Great Walls. This is the outpost of Juyongguan, an important pass of the Great Wall, with an altitude of 1,15 meters. The terrain is dangerous and the city is strong. It has always been a battleground for military strategists. Badaling was originally a pass, and then Guancheng was built. From the third year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (1569) to the tenth year of Wanli (1582), barriers were built at each entrance, and border towns, top walls, horse retaining walls, etc. were built on the mountains on both sides of each entrance. Later, the Great Wall was gradually built, and watchtowers and piers were built.

Badaling is the witness of many important events in history. After the first emperor Qin Shihuang came to Jieshi in the east, he took Datong from Badaling and drove back to Xianyang. Empress Xiao's visit, Yuan Taizu's entry into the customs, the Yuan Emperor's twice-yearly trip between Beijing and Shangdu, the Ming Emperor's Northern Expedition, Li Zicheng's capture of Beijing, and the Emperor's personal expedition in the Qing Dynasty, etc., Badaling is a must. In modern history, Cixi fled to Badaling with tears, Zhan Tianyou presided over the construction of the first railway independently built by China in Badaling, and Dr. Sun Yat-sen boarded the Badaling Great Wall, leaving many historical allusions and precious memories for today.

city wall: the Badaling great wall is 6-9 meters high, and its plane is trapezoidal. Most of the walls are wide and flat, so you can ride five horses and ten people in parallel. The area around Qinglong Bridge is steep and dangerous, and the top of the wall is narrow, with the narrowest place only more than 2 meters. The center line of the city wall is on the outside, the outside wall is high and the inside wall is low. Both sides of the wall are wrapped with granite strips, the longest of which is 3.1 meters and weighs 1.5-1.7 tons. No matter the steep hillside or gentle section, the stone strips are horizontally built layer by layer, criss-crossed, horizontally erected, bitten into a whole, and mortar is poured at the joint. Fill the wall with mud and stones and tamp them down. The wall is made of 3-4 layers of city bricks, and the joints are bonded with lime paste. The city surface is paved with wall bricks to make the top of the wall smooth. In steep sections with large slopes, ladders are built to facilitate going up and down. There are brick low walls on both sides of the top of the wall, the outer side is called crenellated or piled wall, and the inner side is called yu wall or parapet. The crib wall is facing the enemy, and the height of the wall is 1.7-2 meters, which is convenient to cover the human body. Generally, the crib mouth is built at the height of the human chest, and the distance between the crib mouths is about 1 meter. The brick at the mouth of the crib is specially made, one side is inclined, and the code is on the mouth, which is fan-shaped, wide outside and narrow inside, and has a large observation surface.

Enemy Tower: Badaling Great Wall has 43 enemy towers, which are similar in shape and have their own characteristics, including wall platforms for patrol and sentry duty, and enemy platforms on upper and lower floors, with cribs and shooting holes around the upper floor, and houses for soldiers to stay and store materials on the lower floor. The distance of the fort depends on the mountain situation and topography. Generally, the watchtower has two floors, with a height of 1m and a length and width of 1m. All of them are masonry structures, and the top of the first and second floors are made of many arch coupons with ladders up and down. There are shooting ports, observation ports and water spouts on both floors, and there are cribs upstairs. The platform protrudes from the wall and closes the wall in the platform.

pier is also called beacon tower. There is a pier on the east and west hills outside the Badaling Great Wall. The pier and abutment are all five feet high, and a small town is built around it, with a height of one foot and five feet. There are hanging buildings on it, a trench suspension bridge and a pit collapse trap. A water tank is placed on the doorway to hold ice in winter and water in summer; Do not repair the steps, use the rope ladder to go up and down; Each set has two guns and guns, and there are 1 guards. They are defended by the nearby castle and form a deep defense network with the castle. In the second year of Ming Chenghua (1466), the method of raising a beacon was stipulated, that is, the enemy came to more than 1 people with one beacon and one gun; More than 5 people, two beacons and two cannons; More than a thousand people, three beacons and three cannons; More than 5, people, four beacons and four cannons; More than 1, people, five shots and five cannons.

the city platform is also called the wall platform. Refers to a platform-type building that is slightly higher than the top of a long city wall and surrounded by castellations, cribs and shooting holes. This is where ancient soldiers patrolled and stood guard, and where they defended themselves in case of war. For example, the platform at the top of the gate of Badaling Pass is the city platform.

Battalion: It is a bunker-style building, which is built along the main traffic routes or the dangerous terrain along the Great Wall. It is divided into one, two and three floors, with different sizes. Weapons, ammunition and other strategic materials can be stored inside, which is more important than the watchtower. At the same time, it also reserves rations and water for one month. This kind of platform facilities can not only attack, but also hold, and can closely cooperate with the military facilities such as the city platform and the enemy platform on the Great Wall to form a dense firepower network, which greatly enhances the combat power and effectively blocks the enemy's attack, and plays a very important strategic and tactical role in military defense.

opening hours of tickets

45 yuan is in the peak season of tickets (April 1st-October 31st) and 4 yuan is in the low season (November 1st-March 31st). Students with valid documents are half price. Take Badaling Cable Car to and from 6 yuan.

opening hours: 6: 3-19: in summer; 7:-18: in winter.

provide electronic tour guide service, 1 yuan in Chinese, 4 yuan in English, Japanese, Korean and French.

Jiaotong

Badaling is located in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing, about 8 kilometers away from the urban area. There is an expressway from downtown to Badaling. It can be reached in an hour by tourist shuttle bus. Every morning, the tourist shuttle bus leaves from the east side of the front gate building in the urban area, in front of the Tiananmen Square History Museum, and at the southeast corner of Chongwenmen intersection. The fare is: round trip to 36 yuan/person.

The cheapest way to climb the Badaling Great Wall is to get off at Deshengmen by subway and take bus No.919 directly to the foot of the Badaling Great Wall. The local train takes 7 yuan, and the air-conditioned train takes 12 yuan. A bus leaves every five minutes, which is much cheaper than a tourist bus.

The intercity train to Badaling has been opened, starting from Beijing North Railway Station, with first-class fare in 17 yuan and second-class fare in 14 yuan. The first bus leaves at 6:8 and arrives at Badaling at 7:7. Buy train tickets at the ticket window. You don't have to walk far after getting off the train. Traffic jams often occur on Badaling Expressway.