What are the specialties and tourist attractions in Guangyuan, Sichuan? What are the customs?

Guangyuan, formerly known as Lizhou, has a history of more than 2,300 years. It is located in the north of Sichuan province, at the junction of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. It is the north gate of Sichuan and the throat of Sichuan. Known as the "important town in northern Sichuan", "gateway to northern Sichuan" and "Bashu Golden Triangle". Geographical coordinates are 3 1 3 1' to 32 56' north latitude and104 36' to106 45' east longitude, bordering Wudu District and Wenxian County in Longnan City, Gansu Province, and ningqiang county and Nanzheng County in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province in the north. It is adjacent to nanbu county City and Langzhong City in the south; It is connected with Pingwu County, jiangyou city County and Zitong County in Mianyang City in the west; It borders Nanjiang County and Bazhou District of Bazhong City in the east. Area 163 13.78 km2. 1985 Established prefecture-level cities with the approval of the State Council, covering Lizhou, Yuanba, Chaotian District, Qingchuan, Wangcang, Jiange and Cangxi County, 93 towns, 164 townships, 8 sub-district offices, 2,497 villagers' committees and 159 residents' committees./kloc By the end of 2008, the total population of the city was 365,438+10,000. The Han nationality accounts for 99.7% of the total population, and there are scattered ethnic minorities such as Hui, Tibetan, Manchu, Qiang, Miao, Zhuang, Bai, Mongolia, Buyi and Tujia, especially Hui. People's Government of Lizhou District, Guangyuan City. Guangyuan has been a transportation hub and material distribution center in the adjacent areas of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu since ancient times. Guangyuan is located in the center of four western cities: Chengdu, Xi, Chongqing and Lanzhou. Baoji-chengdu railway, Wangguang Railway and 108, 2 12 national highways meet in urban areas. Jialing River can reach Chongqing directly by waterway, and Chengdu-Mianyang-Guangzhou Expressway has been completed and opened to traffic. With the construction of lanzhou-chongqing railway, Guangzhou (Yuan) South (Chong) expressway, Guangzhou (Yuan) Shaanxi (West) expressway, Guangzhou (Yuan) Gansu (Su) expressway, Guangzhou (Yuan) Pakistan (Central) expressway and the resumption of flights of Guangyuan Airport, the traffic advantages of Guangyuan are more prominent. Guangyuan will become the only prefecture-level city in Sichuan with double "×" lines of airport, railway and expressway, and it will be an important transportation hub connecting southwest and northwest! Guangyuan is one of the important production bases of energy, nonferrous metals, Chinese herbal medicines and animal husbandry in Sichuan, and it is also one of the important bases in the period of national third-line construction. Machinery and electronics, non-ferrous metals, building materials, food and beverage, hydropower, coal, textile, medicine and other industries have a good development foundation. In June 2008, the Ministry of Science and Technology approved the establishment of China's first "National Advanced Electronic Products and Supporting Materials Industrialization Base" in Guangyuan. In April 2009, China Food Industry Development Key Park, jointly planned by China Food Industry Association, Sichuan Food Industry Association, Guangyuan Municipal People's Government and Yuanba District People's Government of Guangyuan City, settled in Yuanba District Industrial Development Concentration Zone, with the goal of creating the only "National Food Industry Development Professional Key Park" in China so far. Guangyuan is also the main natural gas-rich area in northeast Sichuan. Three gas fields, Jiulongshan, Yuanba and Longgang West, were newly discovered. The proven reserves of these three gas fields reached 200 billion cubic meters in 2008, and it is estimated that the accumulated proven reserves will reach 400 billion cubic meters in 20 10. Guangyuan is rich in resources, and there are more than 30 kinds of proven mineral resources available for industrial use, such as coal, gold, limestone, marble, bauxite, dolomite and clay. There are 82 producing areas where all kinds of minerals have reached scale. There are 34 kinds of mineral reserves, among which there are 16 kinds in industrial reserve and 19 large and medium-sized deposits. However, due to the limited conditions, at present, except for the development and utilization of coal, gold and a few non-metallic minerals, the development of other minerals is limited. Guangyuan is one of the main producing areas of Chinese herbal medicines in China. There are more than 2,500 kinds of medicinal plants and 90 kinds of medicinal animals. Among them, 357 varieties belong to "Shangsanbiao". The natural reserves are up to 1 1000 tons, and the commonly used medicinal materials in real estate are Bupleurum, Eucommia ulmoides, Gastrodia elata, Rhizoma Corydalis, Papaya, Fructus Cannabis, Flos Magnoliae, Flos Lonicerae, etc. There are 25 common species with wild reserves exceeding100t, such as Schisandra chinensis, soaked ginseng and plantain. Eucommia ulmoides planting area is 800,000 mu, Chuanxiong 1.5 million mu, and there are 82 domestic varieties. Domestic hydropower reserves are 2.9 million kilowatts. At present, hydropower and thermal power stations with a total installed capacity of 900,000 kilowatts have been built, of which Baozhusi Power Station has an installed capacity of 700,000 kilowatts. Zilanba Power Station with an installed capacity of 654.38+10,000 kilowatts has been completed. The Cangxi Tingzikou Water Control Project with an installed capacity of 800,000 kilowatts has started construction. ? Guangyuan has beautiful natural scenery and many places of interest. The main part of Jianmen Shudao, a national scenic spot, runs through the whole territory. There are Huangze Temple, Wu Zetian's temple, Thousand Buddha Cliff, the world-famous Jianmenguan, which is guarded by one person and cannot be forced by 10,000 people, Jue Yuan Temple, the famous China Buddhist story mural exhibition hall, Cui Yun Gallery with 3 million miles and 100,000 trees, and Yueming Gorge Valley, China Ancient and Modern Road Museum. There are many sites of the Three Kingdoms, including the ancient city of Zhao Hua, Zhuanbiyi (post-teacher's watch), Jiangwei Tomb, Yin Ping Ancient Road, Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, more than ten national and provincial tourist attractions such as Bailong Lake and Tiantai Mountain, and Donghekou Earthquake Relics Park. Guangyuan is the birthplace of Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in China history and an outstanding politician in feudal times. Guangyuan is a landscape garden city in Sichuan Province, a forest city in Sichuan Province, a famous historical and cultural city in Sichuan Province, a national health city, a national double-support model city and an excellent tourist city in China. The city flower of Guangyuan is osmanthus fragrans, and the city tree is cypress. A cypress tree in Guangyuan, like a green barrier, stands indomitable in the wind. Historical Evolution According to the archaeological excavations in Zhangjiapo, Dengjiaping and Yingpanliang in Chaotian District, it is confirmed that ancestors lived in Guangyuan at the end of Paleolithic Age.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ancestors of Ba, Shu, Ju and Di established a slave-like country "Yesterday" on the land of Jialing River and Bailong River.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the territory of King Shu.

The enlightened fifth king of Shu said, "If you don't seal his brother Hanzhong, seal him as Hou". Zhao Hua Town (now Town) is its capital. At that time, the popularity of Sichuan Diqu was second only to Ba and Shu.

In 3 16 BC, because of "attacking Shu", King Huiwen of Qin took the opportunity to attack Shu and set up Jiameng County in Du Yi (now Zhao Hua).

During the Han Dynasty, the county name remained unchanged, and Liu Bei of Shu changed to Hanshou County.

The Western Jin Dynasty was changed to Jinshou County. Taiyuan 15 (AD 390) Analysis of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: Xing 'an is in the north of the county, and Jinshou County is also there. Jinshou County is changed to Yichang County, and counties and counties jointly govern Jinzhaohua Town.

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the first year of Yongtai (AD 498), the Ming Emperor of the Southern Qi Dynasty set up the Eastern Jin Shou County in Xing 'an. The Northern Wei Dynasty was changed to Xiyizhou. Liang changed to lizhou. The Western Wei Dynasty changed the state and established the general manager of the state. The Northern Zhou Dynasty has not changed.

Sui changed Xing 'an County to Miangu County. Change Lizhou to Yicheng County, and still set up a general office.

In the Tang Dynasty, Yicheng County was changed to Lizhou. Administering Li, Long, Shi, Peng, Jing and Sha; After being promoted to the viceroy's office, it governs six countries: Li, Long, Shi, Jing, Long. The Five Dynasties basically followed the Tang system. Today's Guangyuan Old Town is a county, state capital and military place.

In the Song Dynasty, Miangu County was under the jurisdiction of Yichuan County of Lizhou at the beginning, Zhaowu Army was under the jurisdiction of Yichuan County of Lizhou, and then Ningwu Army.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Taiwei House was first established in Miangu County, and then moved from Jingzhao (now Xianyang) to Shaanxi and Sichuan, with Zhongshu Province in Lizhou. In the Yuan Dynasty, Miangu County was changed to Guangyuan County, and Lizhou Road was changed to Guangyuan Road, which governed Miangu (Guangyuan) and two counties, namely Baoning, Ba and Mian. Later, Guangyuan County was promoted to Guangyuan Prefecture.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was originally Guangyuan prefecture, later changed to state, and later reduced to county.

In the Qing dynasty, the Republic of China followed the Ming system.

From 1933 to 1935, the Red Fourth Front Army led by China * * * Production Party established six county-level Soviet regimes in Guangyuan County (including present-day wangcang county). It is an important part of the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base area. And become the political, military and logistics supply center in the later period of the base area.

1949 14 and 15 In February, Guangyuan and Zhao Hua were liberated.

1in March, 950, the Jiange Commissioner's Office and prefectural committee were established in Guangyuan City, which governed Zhao Hua, Guangyuan, Jiange, Qingchuan, Pingwu, Beichuan, Jiangyou, Wangcang, Cangxi and Langzhong 10 counties.

1953 65438+ 10 Jiange Society was renamed Guangyuan Society; In March of the same year, it was merged into Mianyang.

1March, 959, Zhaohua County was merged into Guangyuan County.

1February, 1985, with the approval of the State Council, Guangyuan county was revoked and prefecture-level Guangyuan city and Shizhong district were established. The original Guangyuan County was changed to the Central District of Guangyuan City; Qingchuan, Wangcang and Jiange counties in Mianyang were placed under the jurisdiction of Guangyuan City. In June of the same year 1, Guangyuan Municipal People's Government was established; In September of the same year, Cangxi County in Nanchong was placed under the jurisdiction of Guangyuan City.

1989 August 15, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued a reply: "Sichuan Provincial People's Government: Your Institute's May 27th 1988 Request for Instructions on Adding Yuanba and Chaotian Suburbs in Guangyuan and May1kloc-0/Supplementary Request for Instructions have been received. With the approval of the State Council, it is agreed to narrow the urban area and set up two suburbs (county level) of Yuanba and Chaotian. Yuanba District People's Government is located in Yuanba Town, which has jurisdiction over 6 towns and 35 townships including Yuanba and Weizi. Chaotian District People's Government is stationed in Chaotian Town, which has jurisdiction over Chaotian, Yuanji Town and 27 townships.

199 1 year, Zhuyuan Town, Jianfeng, Nianzi, seven buddha, Ma Lu, Baijia and Jinzishan, which are under the jurisdiction of Yuanba District of Guangyuan City, were placed under the jurisdiction of Qingchuan County, and Zhuyuan District of Qingchuan County was established. Sixia Town, Puguang Township and Shangsi Township under the jurisdiction of the Central District are under the jurisdiction of Jiange County. At this point, Guangyuan City has become a prefecture-level city with four counties and three districts under its jurisdiction, and its administrative divisions are still in use today.

On March 13, 2007, Sichuan Provincial People's Government's Reply on Renaming Guangyuan Central District as Lizhou District (Chuanfuhan [2007] No.44): With the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to rename Guangyuan Central District as Lizhou District. Industrial overview Non-ferrous metal industry Non-ferrous metal industry is the key development industry in this city. Focusing on aluminum industry, Guangyuan has formed an annual production capacity of 6,543.8+200,000 tons of electrolytic aluminum, 6,543.8+200,000 tons of zinc oxide, 50,000 tons of aluminum alloy bars and 6,543.8+200,000 tons of aluminum coils. Investing in aluminum products processing projects in Guangyuan has the advantage of directly using aluminum liquid for processing, reducing intermediate transportation costs and secondary smelting costs. In order to increase the investment in electrolytic aluminum production and the development of downstream aluminum products, the city has planned Yuanjiaba Nonferrous Metals Industrial Park with a planned area of 7.6 square kilometers. At present, aluminum enterprises such as Qixing, Huaxing and Jinsheng have settled in and developed. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, our city will vigorously implement the technical transformation of electrolytic aluminum, the expansion of anode carbon blocks, the deep processing of aluminum industrial profiles, hot-rolled plates, cold-rolled aluminum coil production lines and other projects. Focus on the development of aluminum products such as hot continuous rolling, aluminum bars and aluminum profiles, and form the deep processing capacity with an annual output of 300,000 tons of electrolytic aluminum, 50,000 tons of aluminum industrial profiles, 50,000 tons of hot rolled plates, 60,000 tons of aluminum alloy bars and 654.38+10,000 tons of cold rolled products. At the same time, we will vigorously support the expansion of industrial silicon production and the production and construction of polysilicon materials, and actively cultivate the development and growth of industries such as graphite carbon and electrolytic manganese. The city is rich in coal, electricity, gas and other energy sources. Coal reserves reach 464 million tons, hydropower reserves are 2.9 million kilowatts, and natural gas reserves are expected to be above 5 trillion cubic meters. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, based on abundant hydropower and coal resources, our city will speed up the implementation of a number of hydropower and thermal power projects, so that the installed capacity of hydropower and thermal power will reach 3 million kilowatts, the power generation will exceed 654.38 billion kWh, the coal production capacity will reach 65.438+million tons, and the sales income of energy industries such as coal and electricity will reach more than 4 billion yuan. Hydropower: Accelerate cascade hydropower development in Jialing River, Bailong River, Dongxi River and Donghe River basins through paid transfer of small hydropower development and management rights. It is planned to build 9 small hydropower stations 19, with an installed capacity of 208 1000 kW and an average annual power generation of 962 million kWh. Natural gas: According to expert investigation, Guangyuan area is a rare gas field structure in China. At present, China Petrochemical Group is drilling in Yuanba, Cangxi County, the city, and the natural gas reserves are expected to be considerable. Coal: speed up the technological transformation and capacity expansion of key enterprises such as Wangguang Energy Group and Wangcang Coal and Iron Plant, speed up the pace of coal resources exploration and development and coal-electricity joint venture, set up coal groups relying on key coal enterprises, further intensify resource exploration and add a number of mines. Agricultural and sideline products processing industry The city has a solid foundation of ecological agriculture. At present, 6.5438+0.26 million mu of standardization base and 220,000 mu of agricultural standardization demonstration area have been built. It has various national and provincial fruit bases, dried fruit bases, precious Chinese herbal medicine bases and livestock and poultry bases. Products such as agriculture, forestry and livestock products are rich in output and have great development value. Walnut and olive have obvious advantages. The output of walnuts in and around the city reached more than 52,000 tons, accounting for about one-fifth of the country; Olive has built 9746 hectares, which is the largest planting base in China, accounting for 50% of the national planting area. In order to promote the process of agricultural industrialization, the city has planned Guangyuan Catering Industrial Park, Qinba Green Agricultural Products Processing Demonstration Park in Yuanba District and agricultural products processing concentration areas in counties and districts. Among them: Guangyuan Food and Beverage Industrial Park is located in an urban industrial park with a planned area of 0.4 square kilometers, and Wahaha Guangyuan Industrial Park has been built in the park; The planned total area of Qinba Green Agricultural Products Processing Demonstration Park in Yuanba District is 2.6 square kilometers, and the output value of Guangyuan Furun and other enterprises invested by Jiangsu Yurun has reached more than 65.438+0.2 billion yuan. In order to achieve the development goal of doubling the processing scale of agricultural products by the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan and the sales income of food and beverage industry reaching more than 3 billion yuan, our city will focus on developing ecological food industries such as meat food, casings, beverages, olives, tobacco leaves, tea leaves and local products. Accelerate the research and development and production of canned kiwi fruit drinks, canned Sydney drinks and health fruit tea drinks, implement the construction of deep processing projects of fresh milk products, accelerate the deep processing and capacity expansion production line construction of olive fruit, olive oil, black fungus, tea and walnut, increase the deep processing of livestock and poultry meat such as pigs, cattle and small poultry, accelerate the refined production of bulk agricultural products such as high-quality rice and rapeseed oil, vigorously introduce leading enterprises for flue-cured tobacco redrying, and implement a number of flue-cured tobacco production projects. Pharmaceutical Industry This city is an important Chinese herbal medicine producing area in China and even in the whole province. Chinese herbal medicine is rich in resources, including more than 2000 kinds of natural medicinal plants. Authentic Chinese herbal medicines have a total area of 800,000 mu, with a total output of 45,000 tons and a total output value of 450 million yuan. The planting area of Bupleurum chinense and Gastrodia elata ranks first in Sichuan, and Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. In Wangcang, it accounts for 10% of the national planting area, and Cangxi Chuanmingshen accounts for 50% of the national total varieties, ranking first in the country in terms of output. There are 6 pharmaceutical manufacturers in this city, all of which meet GMP standards. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the city will increase the construction of Chinese herbal medicine bases by attracting foreign investment, so that the planting area of Chinese herbal medicines will exceed 65.438+0 million mu and the output value will reach 2 billion yuan; By increasing the investment and grafting of well-known pharmaceutical enterprises, strengthening the R&D capability of proprietary Chinese medicines, integrating the resources of Chinese herbal medicines, and implementing the deep processing projects of Sichuan ginseng, Bupleurum, Gastrodia elata and Eucommia ulmoides, the production scale of 2000 tons of proprietary Chinese medicines and 1000 tons of Chinese herbal pieces has been formed. Textile industry Textile industry is the traditional pillar industry of this city. After more than 60 years of development, it has formed an annual production capacity of yarn 14400 tons, cloth 7600 meters and other textile products. Textile enterprises above designated size 1 1 enterprise with production capacity exceeding 100 million yuan 1 enterprise. Towels, weaving, reeling, twisting, silk weaving and other enterprises also have considerable scale. The city will actively support the technological transformation and capacity expansion of existing textile enterprises, take the initiative to undertake a number of textile industry transfer projects, vigorously introduce well-known textile enterprises at home and abroad, increase investment in existing enterprises, actively build textile industrial parks, and implement projects such as 200,000 spindle production lines and 2,000 looms (1000 shuttleless looms) through investment. Strive to form a production scale of cotton spinning with 500,000 spindles and annual reeling capacity 1 10,000 tons by the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan. Mechanical and electronic industry Mechanical and electronic industry is one of the pillar industries in this city. Large-scale electromechanical enterprises in the city are military enterprises laid out during the construction period of the old third line of the country. The electronic industry cluster headed by 08 1 Group has a team of high-quality scientific research talents with strong R&D capability and market competitiveness. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, our city will take 08 1 Electronics Group as the backbone, and intensify research and development around two major fields: electronic large-scale equipment and military electronic components. Focus on supporting the development of materials conveying equipment, power tools, special civil vehicles, construction machinery and other products. Relying on key enterprises, we will actively carry out the reconstruction of military electronic products and production lines, the research and development of civil mechanical electronics and production lines, the production and expansion of multi-functional shelter and special trailer series products, and the research and development and production of new construction machinery. Focus on large-scale military equipment production and related industries, and actively attract investment to develop related industries. Building materials industry There are many kinds of forest products and mineral products in this city, which provide unique advantages for the development of building materials industry. In particular, forest products processing, ceramics, cement, stone and other industries are rich in raw materials and have a large market space. The city plans to build a ceramic industrial park covering an area of 2.2 square kilometers. It is planned that by 20 10, 37 production lines of internal and external wall tiles and 6 production lines of sanitary ceramics will be built in the park, forming an annual production scale of 92.5 million square meters of various wall tiles and 3.6 million sanitary ceramics. By actively attracting foreign investment, the city focuses on cement, ceramics, forest products and stone materials, and carries out research and development and production of middle and high-grade ceramic sanitary ware series products and ceramic wall and floor tile decoration products; Accelerate the intensive processing of particleboard and medium and high density fiberboard products, and implement the integration project of forest board and forest paper. Strive to form an annual production scale of 3 million tons of cement and 300,000 cubic fiberboards by the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan. Tourism The city is one of the areas with the densest tourism resources in Sichuan Province, with 27 tourism resources at or above the provincial level. The scenic spot is dominated by natural ecology, three kingdoms culture, red culture and queen culture, and has the characteristics of unique resources and high grade. "Jianmen is the best in the world" is one of the four famous scenic spots in central Sichuan. Tangjiahe Nature Reserve is adjacent to Jiuzhaigou Tourism Ring Road and has been included in the "China Man and Biosphere Reserve Network". We are striving to create an excellent tourist city in China, focusing on the construction of national 4A-level tourist areas such as Jianmenguan and Tangjiahe. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we will strive to build three national 4A-level tourist areas and three four-star hotels, and at the same time launch the Jianmen Shudao project to declare the world natural and cultural heritage, so as to build Guangyuan into a distinctive tourist destination. Actively build a tourism financing platform, based on the construction of the distribution center of tourist routes in Shu Road, focus on the development of scenic spots such as Jianmenguan, Tangjiahe, Micang Mountain, Tiantai Mountain, Bailong Lake and Shuimogou, build scenic spots such as Thousand Buddha Cliffs, Ancient City, Gorge, Queen's Cultural Park and Jue Yuan Temple, and start the construction of red tourism projects such as Jianmenguan Ruins, Cangxi and Wangcang Wooden Door Temple. Accelerate the construction of Gucheng Mountain-Mengzi-Zengjiashan-Shuimogou eco-tourism area. Actively package the Jialing River water tourism line, and increase the development of tourism resources such as Jiachuan dinosaur fossil park, Zengjiashan geological park and Xiaxi hot spring park. Trade Logistics The city is located at the junction of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. Historically, it is a transportation hub and material distribution center connecting and radiating the three provinces. Guangyuan, with its unique geographical advantages and its position as a transportation hub in northern Sichuan, can radiate Bazhong, Nanchong, Hanzhong and Longnan, connecting distant Xi 'an, Lanzhou and Chongqing. It is a rare strategic place to connect the logistics integration of the two major regions in the "9+2" region. With the completion of Baocheng Double Track and Chengdu-Guangzhou Expressway, as well as the upcoming lanzhou-chongqing railway, Lanzhou-Chongqing Expressway, Sichuan-Shaanxi Expressway and Guangba Expressway, Guangyuan's traffic advantages are more prominent. With the completion of lanzhou-chongqing railway and expressway, Guangyuan will become the only prefecture-level city in Sichuan with railway and expressway double X-line, and the conditions for establishing a modern logistics center will be better. At present, efforts are being made to build Xiaxi Logistics Park, with a planned land area of 1.2 square kilometers. The park is only 1 km away from Mianguang Expressway exit, and the planned area has always been a storage and freight base in northern Sichuan. The park has complete infrastructure such as water, electricity, gas, communication, pipe network and roads. Logistics enterprises such as Sichuan Salt Company and Xinhua Wenxuan Group have entered the park for development. The park will focus on attracting investment to build large storage facilities, large distribution centers, specialized transportation and loading and unloading centers, professional trading centers, and processing and logistics information centers in some circulation fields. Cultural and educational undertakings Our city has a good foundation in vocational education such as information and medicine, but the scale of schools is small and there are few brand schools, especially the shortage of higher education resources, which cannot fully meet the needs. It is estimated that from 2006 to 20 10, there were about 654.38+million ordinary high school graduates in Mianyang, Bazhong, Hanzhong, Longnan and other surrounding cities, and the students of vocational education and higher education were very rich. Guangyuan Education Development Planning Zone planned by the city is located at the eastern end of Dongcheng District, with a planned land area of 1.4 square kilometers. It is estimated that the number of students will reach more than 30,000. Vigorously introduce famous private schools into the park, complete the construction of new campuses of Guangyuan Normal College, Sichuan Information Vocational and Technical College, 4 10 Staff Medical College, municipal vocational middle school and Guangyuan Radio and TV University, and actively support the establishment of independent colleges or secondary colleges.