Cultural knowledge Shandong

1. What traditional culture does Shandong have?

The abbreviation of Shandong is also known as Qilu and Donglu.

Abbreviation: Lu Geographical location: Longitude: 114 degrees 19 minutes east longitude - 122 degrees 43 minutes Latitude: 34 degrees 22 minutes north latitude - 38 degrees 23 minutes north latitude Opera culture Shandong is one of the earliest regions in my country to have drama activities. The birth of its dramatic art can be traced back to the Qilu kingdoms more than 2,000 years ago.

In the Han Dynasty, Baixi was popular in Shandong. From the Han Dynasty portrait stones unearthed in Shandong, we can roughly infer the popularity of Baixi in the Han Dynasty. The portrait stones from the Han Tomb in Beizhai Village, Yinan County, and the painted silk paintings unearthed from Han Tomb No. 9 in Yinqueshan, Linyi both record the performances of Baixi.

In the Sui Dynasty, the Qi Dynasty became famous throughout the country, and in the Tang Dynasty, the drama of joining the army became popular in Shandong. It can be said that the long-term popular singing, dancing, opera, and actor activities are indispensable and important processes for the development of Shandong opera.

After the formation of Song Zaju, it also spread to Shandong. At the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, a form of opera sung with Northern Opera emerged, that is, Yuan Zaju. Shandong is one of the main popular areas. The Yuan Dynasty Zhong Sicheng's "Ghost Book" and In the early Ming Dynasty, Jia Zhongming's "Sequel to the Book of Ghost Records" recorded 28 opera writers from Shandong, 4 of whom were good at singing. The most prosperous place for opera is Dongping. There are 10 Yuan opera writers from Dongping, including Gao Wenxiu and Zhang Shiqi. The most outstanding one is Gao Wenxiu, whose work "Black Tornado with Two Heads" is deeply loved by the people.

Shandong opera entered a period of vigorous development during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Li Kaixian's "The Story of the Sword" and Kong Shangren's "The Peach Blossom Fan" have outstanding achievements and have the greatest influence.

In terms of performances, there are more professional theater troupes and frequent activities. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, dozens of different opera types were active in Shandong.

It can be roughly divided into bangzi tune, xiansuo tune, elbow drum tune, etc. There are now more than 30 types of opera popular in Shandong, which can be roughly divided into Bangzi tune, Xiansuo tune, Elbow tune and folk songs, dances and raps.

The popular types of Bangzi opera in Shandong include Shandong Bangzi, Laiwu Bangzi, Zao Bang, Pingdiao, Liangjiaxian, Donglu Bangzi, Henan Bangzi, Hebei Bangzi and so on. Its popular areas include Heze, Jining, Linyi, Zaozhuang, Tai'an, Jinan, Liaocheng, Dezhou, Laiwu, Binzhou and other more than 10 cities.

Xiansuo tune originated from the popular folk song Xiaoling, passed through the stage of Xiansuo acapella, and then developed into an opera tune. Due to differences in spreading regions and accompaniment instruments, as well as the influence of other arts, Xiansuo tune has formed different types of operas with different styles. The main ones popular in Shandong include Liuzi Opera, Daxianzi Opera and Luozi Opera.

Liuzi Opera, known as "Dongliu", is one of the most widely spread and influential types of Xiansuo opera. Representative repertoires include "Li Yaxian Misses Her Husband", "Diao Chan Misses Her Husband", "Yingying Misses Her Husband", "Li Sanniang Misses Her Husband" and other "Top Ten Missing Her Husband Plays". The elbow drum tune is the basis of the flower drum Yangge that is popular among the people. Above, the opera tune gradually evolved with "sissy" as its main tune.

The opera types included include Liuqin Opera, Wuyin Opera, Mao Opera, Liu Opera, Deng Opera, Donglu Elbow Drum Opera, etc. The types of opera developed from rap include: Lu Opera, Zhuozi Opera, Yugu Opera, Eight Immortals Opera, Languan Opera, etc.

Festivals and Exhibitions Cultural and economic festivals and exhibitions across Shandong are compiled based on information from Shandong Tourism Information Network and other websites. Names and dates of festivals and exhibitions: Yantai Yuhuangding Temple Fair, February 16th to 22nd, Qingdao Haiyun'an Sugar Ball Festival February 28 to March 3 Jining Liangshan International Water Margin Cultural Festival April Tai'an Dongyuehui Temple Fair April 1 to 3 Tai'an Feicheng Peach Blossom Festival April 5 to 15 Zibo International Ceramics and Glaze Art Festival April 16 to 22nd, Yantai Kunlun Mountain Spring Festival, April 16th to 28th, Yantai Longkou International Xufu Cultural Festival, April 18th to 20th, Yantai Laiyang Pear Blossom Festival, April 20th, Qingdao International Marathon, April 20th, Qingdao Cherry Blossom Festival, mid-April Late Weifang International Kite Fair April 20-25 Weifang Shouguang International Vegetable Science and Technology Expo April 20-May 20 Heze International Peony Fair April 22-28 Rizhao "Spring of Five Lotuses" Rhododendron Festival 4 From April 24th to May 6th, Yantai Moushi Manor Folk Custom Tour from April 28th to May 8th, Liaocheng Jiangbei Water City Cultural Tourism Festival from April 30th to May 8th, Zibo International Liaozhai Cultural Tourism Festival from April 30th to May Binzhou Boxing International Small Opera Art Festival on May 8th May 1st to 10th Yantai Colorful Food Festival May 4th to 8th Yantai Changdao "Yijiale" Folk Culture Tourism Festival May 5th to 7th Yantai Laizhou Rose Flower Festival May 25th, Dongying Kenli Yellow River Estuary Cultural Tourism Festival, September 2nd, Jinan International Art Song Festival, one monthly Shandong Business Conference from May to October, June 6th to 8th, Jinan Minghu Lotus Festival, June 30th to August Qingdao Ocean Festival on the 20th, July 12th to 20th, Laiwu Fangqian Ecological Tourism Festival, July to August, Qingdao Golden Beach Cultural Tourism Festival, August 3rd to 11th, Jining Weishan Lake Lotus Festival, August 10th, Qingdao International Beer Festival August 17 to September 1 Yantai Penglai "Ode to Peace" International Youth Culture and Art Festival August 20 to 25 Qingdao Daze Mountain Grape Festival September 1 to 3 Taishan International Mountaineering Festival September 6 to 10 Qingdao Fashion Week from September 6th to 10th Yantai Changyu International Wine Festival September 7th to 10th Dezhou Leling Golden Silk Jujube Festival in mid-September Qufu International Confucius Cultural Festival September 26th to October 10th Zaozhuang Pomegranate Festival Rizhao at the end of September, Liujiawan Sea Festival, October 1st to 5th, Rizhao Fulaishan Fushou Cultural Festival, early October, Weifang Changle International Gem Festival, October 2nd to 6th, Weihai International Fishing Festival, October 8th to 15th, Zaozhuang Bao Dugu Red Leaf Festival, early October to early November, Qingdao Bar Culture Festival, December 7-30, Jinan Qianfoshan Temple Fair, September 9 of the lunar calendar, Mengshan Longevity Tourism Festival, September 9 of the lunar calendar, Weihai International Habitat Festival, September 27- September 29th.

2. Shandong College Entrance Examination Chinese Literature General Knowledge

Although the College Entrance Examination syllabus has specific and clear requirements for the test of literary general knowledge, except for a few provinces and cities, most examination papers do not test literary general knowledge. Literary knowledge has not been tested in national examination papers for many years, and most other provincial and municipal examination papers have not been tested either. In 2008, only the examination papers of five provinces and cities, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Hubei, and Jiangxi, tested the general knowledge content of literature, involving Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Yu, Liu Yong, Guan Hanqing, Wang Shifu, Tang Xianzu, Lu Xun, Xu Zhimo, Shu Ting, and Shi Tiesheng Writers and works such as , Balzac, Wordsworth, and Marquez, as well as literary common sense such as Yuan opera and poetic imagery, are some of the content that students have learned and are familiar with. Some provinces and cities that still use the old syllabus will continue to test literary knowledge. Provinces and cities that use the new syllabus this year will definitely not test literary knowledge because the new syllabus does not include general knowledge in literature.

Shandong has a new syllabus, so it should not be tested! ! ! Hope to adopt! ! !

3. Common knowledge about Jinan literature

Jinan [Jinan], also known as "Quancheng", is the capital of Shandong Province, a major economic province on the eastern coast of China. It is a national history published by the State Council. One of the famous cultural cities, it is the political, cultural, economic, financial and educational center of the province. It is also a coastal open city approved by the state and one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities.

Headquarters of the Communist Party of China, one of the largest organizations in China. The headquarters of Jinan Railway Bureau, one of the 16 railway bureaus in China.

Jinan is located in the central and western part of Shandong Province with a history of more than 2,000 years. It is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the birthplace of the world-famous prehistoric culture-Longshan Culture. The Neolithic Age site in the region is Chengziya. There is the Great Wall of Qi, which precedes the Great Wall of Qin, and the Song Dynasty colored sculpture of Arhat from Lingyan Temple, known as "the first famous sculpture in the country". The "Book of Songs", China's first poetry collection, contains the satirical poem "Dadong" written by Tan Ren, which is the earliest existing document about Jinan.

The Guo Family Tomb Stone Temple in Xiaotang Mountain, Jinan, is the earliest extant above-ground house building in my country; the four-door pagoda built in the Sui Dynasty is the oldest extant stone pagoda in the country, and both are national key cultural relics protection units. Shun (about 22nd century BC), the leader of China's primitive tribes, was born and lived in the Jinan area. Jinan City was officially established in July 1929.

It is located at 36 degrees 40 minutes north latitude and south of east longitude.

117 degrees 00 minutes, with Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north, it belongs to the north temperate continental monsoon climate zone with four distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, an average annual temperature of 14 degrees Celsius, and an average annual rainfall of 650 to 700 mm.

It has jurisdiction over six districts, three counties, and one county-level city, with a total area of ??8,227 square kilometers. At the end of 2008, the total registered population was 6.0399 million; the permanent population was 6.6269 million.

It is one of the “top 50 cities in the country with comprehensive strength” and the “40 cities with excellent investment hard environment in the country”. The host city of the 11th National Games.

4. Shandong has profound cultural heritage. Please use cultural life knowledge to explain how to make full use of Shandong tradition

① To use traditional cultural resources and build a culturally strong province, we must firmly grasp socialism The direction of progress for advanced culture (or "adhere to the guiding position of Marxism", etc.).

② Inherit the traditional culture of Shandong, "take the essence and discard the dross", criticize and inherit, and make the past serve the present. ③Based on the practice of Shandong's reform and opening up, innovate cultural content and forms, and create cultural masterpieces loved by the people; at the same time, learn from others' strengths and absorb and learn from other outstanding cultural achievements; further promote the development of Shandong's cultural industry.

④ The people are the main body of cultural creation, and the enthusiasm of the people in building a culturally powerful province should be given full play. (If you answer reasonable answers such as "continuously integrate into the spirit of the times", "develop education, science and cultural undertakings, and cultivate cultural talents", you may give points as appropriate, but the maximum score for this question shall not exceed 10 points.)

5.~Cultural common sense~

The Five Mountains are the product of a combination of the ancient worship of mountain gods, the concept of the Five Elements, and the emperor’s hunting and enshrining Zen. It was later inherited by Taoism and is regarded as a famous Taoist mountain. , they are:

Dongyue Mount Tai (1532.7 meters), located in Tai'an City, Shandong Province.

Xiyue Huashan (2154.9 meters) is located in Huayin City, Shaanxi Province.

Nanyue Hengshan (1300.2 meters) is located in Nanyue District, Hengyang City, Hunan Province.

Beiyue Hengshan (2016.1 meters) is located in Hunyuan County, Shanxi.

Zhongyue Songshan (1491.7 meters) is located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province.

Dongyue Mount Tai is truly the first of the Five Mountains. 72 emperors in Chinese history have visited Mount Tai to enshrine themselves.

The majesty of Mount Tai in the east, the danger of Mount Huashan in the west, the tranquility of Mount Heng in the north, the steepness of Mount Song in the middle, and the beauty of Mount Heng in the south have long been famous around the world.

People often say that when returning from the Five Mountains, one does not look at the mountains. There is also a saying that "Hengshan Mountain is like walking, Taishan Mountain is like sitting, Huashan Mountain is like standing up, Songshan Mountain is like lying down, and only Nanyue Mountain is like flying".

Kyushu has different versions of its state names in different eras. They are generally Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Liangzhou and Yongzhou in "Yu Gong". Later, there were twelve states, namely Bingzhou was separated from Jizhou, Yingzhou was separated from Qingzhou, and Liangzhou was separated from Yongzhou. Generally speaking, "Jiuzhou" refers to China. For example: Kyushu is angry and relies on wind and thunder, but it is sad that thousands of horses are silent. ("Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai")

Classmate, I will give you the website address, it is written very clearly~

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6. What is cultural common sense

4. Cultural common sense: 1. The four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty: Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, and King Luo Bin.

2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu, and Wu. 3. "Four Classical Masterpieces": "A Dream of Red Mansions", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", and "Journey to the West".

4. "Four major folk legends": "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Meng Jiangnu", and "The Legend of the White Snake". 5. The world’s four greatest short story masters: Chekhov, Maupassant, Mark Twain, and O. Henry.

6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty. His poems are called "Su Huang" together with Huang Tingjian. 7. Ma Zhiyuan’s representative work of Sanqu, "Tian Jing Sha? Qiu Si", is known as the "ancestor of Qiu Si".

8. Cao Xueqin "read it for ten years, adding and deleting five times" to create the greatest realistic work "A Dream of Red Mansions" (also known as "The Story of the Stone") among Chinese classical novels. It has been widely circulated since its publication. , is deeply loved by people, and a discipline specializing in the study of the book has emerged - "Redology". "Redology" has now become an important topic in the study of world literature. 9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern Chinese literature, and Chen Yi is known as the "marshal poet"; Zang Kejia is known as the "earth poet" because his poems are mostly about rural themes; Tianjian is praised by Wen Yiduo as the "drummer of the times" (Lei drum poet).

10. The three friends of Suihan: pine, bamboo and plum. 11. The Four Gentlemen of Flowers: Plum, Orchid, Bamboo, and Chrysanthemum.

12. The four friends of literati: piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. 13. The four treasures of the study: pen, ink, paper, and inkstone.

14. Sikuquanshu: Jing, Shi, Zi, Ji. 15. The "Six Meanings" in "The Book of Songs" refer to: Feng, Ya, Song (classification), Fu, Bi, Xing (expression techniques).

16. Tang poetry, Song lyrics, Yuan opera, Ming and Qing novels. 17. Laurel, first place, first place, aspiration, first place: first.

18. Three cardinal principles and five constant principles: "Three cardinal principles": the father is the guideline for the son, the king is the guideline for the ministers, and the husband is the guideline for the wife; "Five constant principles": benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness.

19. The "Four Books" and the "Five Classics" are the main classics of Confucianism: the "Four Books" are the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, the Doctrine of the Mean, and the Great Learning; the "Five Classics" refer to the "Poetry", "Books", "Li", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" .

20. Three Emperors: Emperor of Heaven, Emperor of Earth, Emperor of Human Beings or Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao, and Yushun. 21. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin.

22. Five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and salty. 23. Five elements: metal, wood, water, fire and earth.

24. The "Eight Methods of Yong" means that the character "Yong" has eight strokes: dot, horizontal, vertical, left, back, fold, hook and lift. 25. In ancient times, schools had names such as Xiang, Xu, and Taixue. The highest institution of learning in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was the Imperial College.

26. Three Religions and Nine Streams: "Three Religions": Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism; "Nine Streams": Confucianism, Taoism, Yin-Yang School, Legalism, Famous School, Mohism, Politicians, Miscellaneous Schools, and Farmers. 27. Ancient imperial examinations (from the Sui Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties): A. Tongsheng Examination, also called "Tongsheng Examination". Candidates regardless of age are called Tongsheng. After passing the exam, they will obtain the qualification of a student (scholar, husband), so that they can participate. Imperial examination.

B The rural examination was an examination held every three years in the provincial capitals during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Scholars participated. Those who passed the examination were called Juren, and the first was called Jiè (jiè). C. The examination was held every three years in the capital during the Ming and Qing dynasties. All provincial candidates and Imperial College students could take the examination. Three hundred were admitted as tribute scholars, and the first was named Huiyuan.

D The Imperial Examination is the highest-level examination in the imperial examination system. The emperor personally questions the Gongshi admitted in the imperial examination to determine the first place. The admissions are divided into three categories: the top three will be awarded the title of "Jinshi and the first place", the first will be named the number one scholar (dingyuan), the second will be named the second place, and the third will be ranked third, collectively known as the "three tops"; several top two will be awarded The title of "Born as a Jinshi"; several top three are given the title of "Born as a Jinshi".

Attachment: (Table) Level (Children’s Examination) College Examination Formal Imperial Examination Provincial Examination General Examination Palace Examination Time Once a Year Once Every Three Years (Autumn) Once Every Three Years (Spring) After the General Examination, the Place in April of the Same Year ( State) County, Provincial City, Ministry of Rites (Capital) Palace Candidates Confucian scholars, children Scholars Juren Gongshi Obtained honors Scholars (Juren) The first place is Jieyuan (Gongshi) The first place is Huiyuan (Jinshi) The top three are: Number One Scholar The official classification of the imperial examinations: provincial examination, joint examination, and palace examination. Continuously ascending to the top three (three yuan and the third): Jieyuan - Huiyuan - the number one scholar in the ancient imperial examination.

5. Poems and people: Three visits frequently make plans for the world, and two dynasties open up the hearts of veterans. ——Zhuge Liang If he dies before he leaves the army, it will make the hero burst into tears.

——Zhuge Liang When he started his apprenticeship, he showed his true name in the world, and no one can compare with him in thousands of years. ——Zhuge Liang Knowing that the world is divided into three parts, he still went out with all his men and resources.

——Zhuge Liang is upright and upright, leaving his righteousness to soar into the sky; he is sad and angry, and writes a history that will shine on the world. ——Sima Qian: On the needle-grinding stone while drinking wine, I lean against my sword and hang my bow and fuscus in the sky.

——Li Bai, a poetic talent through the ages, wrote Penglai articles and built his bones; he was proud, Qinglian layman was relegated to an immortal. ——Li Bai Weng has been gone for eight hundred years, but the drunken hometown is still there; walking six or seven miles in the mountains, the pavilions are not alone.

——Ouyang Xiu The iron plate and copper lute follow the east slope and sing loudly as the river goes eastward. The beautiful celery mourns the millet and the Southern Song Dynasty does not follow the wild geese flying south. ——Xin Qiji The sufferings in the world are the sages in the poems; the sufferings in the world are the waves in the writing.

——Du Fu There is still righteousness left in heaven and earth, and a loyal heart that shines through the past and present. ——Wen Tianxiang Think deeply about the eternal sadness of the Miluo River when we hold high the purity and loyalty.

——Qu Yuan The lakes and mountains are all around you, and thousands of families are filled with joy and sorrow. ——Fan Zhongyan The great river has been running for a hundred generations, and the waves have rushed together to collect all the heroes of the ages; the Ci Garden has been for a thousand years, and a bunch of flowers have competed and bloomed.

——Li Qingzhao The translation has not yet been completed, and I am shocked to hear about the meteorite. Who in China will lead the cry? My husband has passed away, and I remember the old rain painfully. The literary world feels hesitant from now on. ——Lu Xun*** called Zhu Ziqing: "A person who will not bend his waist for five buckets of rice."

Lenin praised Gorky: "The most outstanding representative of proletarian art." The incarnation of ballet: Ulanova .

Guan Hanqing is called: "Shakespeare of the East". 6. A one-sentence review: ① "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": The writing is not very profound, and the language is not very vulgar.

② "Dream of Red Mansions": Every word looks like blood, ten years of hard work is unusual. (Words by Cao Xueqin) ③ "Mengxi Bi Tan": coordinates in the history of Chinese science and technology.

(English? Joseph Needham) ④ Entering the Dragon: "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" ⑤ The Emperor's Mirror: "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" ⑥ Meaningful rhetoric: "Warring States Policy" ⑦ The immortal art of war: "The Art of War" ⑧ Funeral song from the old era: "Camel Xiangzi."