Icelandic knowledge

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Country names: Iceland and the Republic of China.

(Republic of Iceland, Iceland)

Independence Day: 65438+February 1 (19 18)

National Day: June 17 (1944)

National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 25∶ 18. The bottom of the flag is blue, and the red and white cross divides the flag surface into four pieces: two equal blue squares and two equal blue rectangles. Blue represents the sea and white represents the snow. Blue and white are the national colors of Iceland, reflecting the characteristics of Iceland's natural environment, that is, in the blue sky and ocean, Iceland appears as "cold land". Iceland has been a territory of Norway since 1262, and was ruled by Denmark in the 4th century. Therefore, the cross pattern on the national flag comes from the Danish flag pattern, which shows the relationship between Iceland, Norway and Denmark in history.

National emblem: the central pattern is the shield emblem with the national flag pattern. At the top of the coat of arms is a white falcon with red tongue and golden claws and a dragon with white teeth and red tongue and golden claws. On the left is a black cow, and on the right is an old man in white with a cloak. Falcon, dragon, cow and old man are all legendary diners. The stone at the bottom of the coat of arms represents Iceland's long rocky coast.

National anthem: ode to the Millennium

National bird: white falcon

National dignitaries: President olafur R. grimsson took office in August 1996 and was re-elected in August 2000.

Physical geography: covers an area of 654.38+003,000 square kilometers. It is the westernmost country in Europe, located in the middle of the North Atlantic, close to the Arctic Circle, with a glacier area of 8,000 square kilometers, making it the second largest island in Europe. The coastline is about 4970 kilometers long. Three quarters of the whole territory is a plateau with an altitude of 400-800 meters, of which 1/8 is covered by glaciers. There are more than 100 volcanoes, including more than 20 active volcanoes. Nuuk volcano in Huana Darce is the highest peak in China, with an altitude of 2 1 19 meters. Almost the whole country of Iceland is built on volcanic rocks, and most of the land cannot be cultivated. It is the country with the most hot springs in the world, so it is called the country of ice and fire. There are many fountains, waterfalls, lakes and swift rivers. Sijursao, the largest river, is 227 kilometers long. Iceland has a cold temperate maritime climate with changeable climate. Influenced by the Gulf Stream, it is milder than other places in the same latitude. The sunshine time is long in summer and extremely short in winter. Aurora can be seen in autumn and early winter.

Population: 276,000 (2002). The vast majority are Icelanders, belonging to the Germanic nation. The official language is Icelandic and English is the common language. Nearly 90% people believe in Christian Lutheranism. The vast majority are Icelanders, belonging to the Germanic nation. Icelandic is the official language and English is the common language.

Capital: Reykjavik, population 109763( 1999, 65438+February), with an annual average temperature of 4.3℃. Nearly one third of the country's population lives in Reykjavik.

Brief history: At the end of the 8th century, Irish monks first moved to Iceland. In the second half of the 9th century, Norway began to immigrate to Iceland. In 930 AD, Parliament and the Federation of Iceland were established. 1262, the Minister of Iceland belongs to Norway. 1380, Iceland and Norway were ruled by Denmark. 1904 was granted internal autonomy. 19 18, Bingdan signed a federal law, stipulating that Bingdan is a sovereign state, but foreign affairs are still controlled by Denmark. Denmark was occupied by Germany in 1940, and the relationship between Iceland and Denmark was interrupted. In the same year, the British army entered, and the following year, the American army replaced the British army in the ice and snow. 1In June, 1944, the Icelandic Parliament officially announced the dissolution of the Iceland-Denmark Union.1In June, July, Iceland was established. 1946 joined the United Nations and 1949 became a member of NATO.

Politics: The system of * * * is implemented, with the parliament and the president in charge of legislative power, the courts in charge of judicial power, and the president and the government in charge of administrative power. The president is the head of state, directly elected for a term of four years and can be re-elected. Parliament is divided into two houses. Parliament was originally divided into upper and lower houses, and was merged into one house in June 199 1, with a term of four years. Iceland does not build an army.

Economy: Fishery, water conservancy and geothermal resources are abundant, but other natural resources are scarce, so oil and other products need to be imported. The industrial base is weak, with aquatic products processing, knitting and other light industries as the main industries. Fishery is the pillar industry of Iceland's national economy, mainly including finfish, cod and herring, and the export of fishery products accounts for more than 70% of the total commodity export. Iceland's fishing fleet is well-equipped, and its fish processing technology occupies a leading position in the world. Located at high latitude, with little sunshine. Only a few farms in the south can produce 400-500 tons of crops every year. Cultivated land area 1 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for 1% of the national total area. Animal husbandry is dominant, and most agricultural land is used as forage grassland. The corresponding wool spinning industry and leather industry are relatively developed. Meat, milk and eggs are self-sufficient, and grain, vegetables and fruits are basically imported. The yield of tomatoes and cucumbers cultivated in greenhouse can meet 70% of domestic consumption. Service industry plays an important role in the national economy, including commerce, banking, insurance and public services. Its output value accounts for about half of GDP, and its employees account for more than two-thirds of the total labor force. 1980. The main tourist spots are large glaciers, volcanic landforms, geothermal fountains and waterfalls. Iceland's per capita GDP is over 30,000 US dollars, ranking among the best in the world. The freshness and purity of air and water there is the first in the world. The average life expectancy of people reaches 8 1.3 years old for women and 76.4 years old for men. Illiteracy was eliminated in Iceland more than 0/00 years ago. 1999 Iceland has become the country with the highest mobile phone penetration rate in the world.

Military: According to the Constitution, Iceland has no army. 1949 joined the north Atlantic treaty organization, 195 1 signed a defense agreement with the United States, which was responsible for its defense. The United States has air bases and garrisons in the ice area, and is equipped with military equipment and facilities such as fighter planes, submarine hunters and radar stations. Iceland has a maritime patrol, equipped with patrol boats and some small planes, which is responsible for protecting fishing areas and rescue work at sea.

News and publishing: National newspapers include morning paper, daily newspaper and daily times. There are 1 radio stations and 65438 TV stations in China, including 5 programs broadcast by the national radio station, 2 private TV stations and several private radio stations.

Diplomacy: In addition to maintaining partnership with the United States and other western countries, we should also pay attention to strengthening relations with countries in other regions such as Asia and actively participate in international affairs through the United Nations.

Relations with China:197165438+On February 8th, Iceland established diplomatic relations with China at the ambassadorial level. 1996, the two governments signed the Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation between China and Iceland, which is the first agreement signed by Iceland with countries outside Europe and North America.