The specific location of the main freshwater lakes in China on the map

1. Poyang Lake

Poyang Lake is located in the north of Jiangxi Province and the south bank of the Yangtze River. It is the largest freshwater lake in China. At the flood level of 21.69 meters, the lake is 17. kilometers long, with an average width of 17.3 kilometers, an area of 3,96 square kilometers, a maximum water depth of 29.19 meters, an average water depth of 5.1 meters, and a water storage capacity of 27.6 billion cubic meters. Poyang Lake is mainly supplied by surface runoff and precipitation. The main rivers entering the lake are Ganjiang River, Fuhe River, Xinjiang River, Raohe River, Xiushui River, etc. The northwest of the lake is Lushan Mountain, a summer resort.

Poyang Lake is 173 kilometers long from north to south, 74 kilometers wide from east to west, with an average width of 16.9 kilometers. The shoreline is 1,2 kilometers long. When the water level at the mouth of the lake is 21.71 meters, the lake area is 3,283 square kilometers, the average water depth is 8.4 meters, the deepest part is about 25.1 meters, and the water storage capacity is about 27.6 billion cubic meters. It is the largest freshwater lake in China.

Poyang Lake is a huff-and-puff lake with huge seasonal changes, and there is a great difference in area and water storage between flood season and dry season. During the year, the water level varied from 9.79 to 15.36 meters, and the absolute water level varied to 16.69 meters. At the turn of spring and summer every year, the lake rises sharply, the water surface expands rapidly, and the smoke waves are vast; But in winter, the lake drops sharply, and the beach is exposed, leaving only a few winding waterways on the lake. Form a landscape of "a flood and a dry line".

the annual average water level is 12.86m; The highest water level of 22.59 meters appeared on July 31, 1998, with an area of 4,7 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 3 billion cubic meters. The lowest water level of 5.9 meters appeared on February 6, 1963, with an area of only 146 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 45 million cubic meters.

2. Dongting Lake

Dongting Lake is located in the north of Hunan Province, south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and is the second largest freshwater lake in China. Its area is about 3,1 square kilometers in dry season, more than 3,9 square kilometers in flood season, and the total area of the lake area is 18, square kilometers. The volume is 12 billion cubic meters. The main rivers entering the lake are Xiangjiang, Zishui, Yuanshui and Lishui, and the Yueyang Tower overlooks the Dongting Lake.

It is composed of four large lakes: Dongting Lake and Datong Lake in the east, west and south. In the south of Hubei Province, the north of Hunan Province and the south bank of the Yangtze River. In the north, there are 4 ports of Songzi, Taiping, Ouchi and Tiaoxian (the Tiaoxian port was blocked in 1958) to draw river water for confluence, and in the south and west, there are Xiangjiang River, Zishui River, Yuanjiang River and Lishui River for injection. The lake drains into the Yangtze River through Chenglingji. Usually, the flood peaks of four mouths and four waters entering the lake in a year are staggered from each other. Therefore, it has the regulation function of "accommodating four waters" and "swallowing the Yangtze River", which reduces the flood pressure in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. If "rivers and lakes rise together", it will be easy to flood.

Due to the large amount of sediment carried by the four rivers and four mouths, about 128 million tons of sediment is deposited at the bottom of the lake every year. The lake area was about 6, square kilometers in 1825, 5,4 square kilometers in 189, 4,7 square kilometers in 1932, and reduced to 3,141 square kilometers in 1962. At present, the lake area is 2,82 square kilometers based on the elevation of 34.5 meters. Formerly known as the "8-mile Dongting", it has been divided into many large and small lakes.

The water level fluctuates to 13.6 meters, which is known as "the frost falls in the cave and the court is dry". In 1952, Jingjiang flood diversion project and flood storage reclamation area were built, so that part of the flood was discharged into the flood diversion area, and the embankment waterway in the lake area was renovated, reducing the threat of flood to Dongting Lake area. The lakeside plain of Dongting Lake is flat, with fertile land, mild climate and abundant rain, and is rich in rice and cotton. The lake is rich in aquatic products and convenient for shipping.

Dongting Lake is now the most important lake basin for water collection and flood storage in the Yangtze River basin. Dongting Lake has been divided into three parts: East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake and West Dongting Lake due to serious sediment deposition.

Dongting Lake is a typical lake with throughput and storage, and it also has many functions such as irrigation, shipping, fishery production, water supply, water intake, climate regulation and environment beautification. With fertile soil, mild climate, abundant rainfall and abundant natural resources, the lake area is an important production base of commodity grain, freshwater fish, cotton and hemp in China.

3. Taihu Lake

Taihu Lake is located at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, in the south of the Yangtze River Delta, and the lake area belongs to Jiangsu Province. It is the largest lake in the eastern coastal area of China and the third largest freshwater lake in China. The total area of the lake area is about 3,1 square kilometers, and the water area is about 2,42 square kilometers.

The third largest freshwater lake in China is in the south of Jiangsu Province and the north of Zhejiang Province. The Lake District belongs to Jiangsu Province. In ancient times, it was called Zhenze, Juqu, Lize and Five Lakes. In the past, it was thought that it was formed by silting the ancient bay in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River. There is a saying that the lake swing area formed by meteorite impact nearly 1, years ago produced many lakes and swings, such as Taihu Lake, Yangcheng Lake, Dianshan Lake, Jinji Lake, Dushu Lake and Fen Lake. The violent impact of celestial bodies caused a strong earthquake and other damage, so the ancients called Taihu Lake Zhenze. When the normal water level is 3 meters, the lake covers an area of 2,25 square kilometers, with an average water depth of 1.94 meters and a storage capacity of 2.72 billion cubic meters.

There are two main water sources: one is Tiaoxi from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, which is divided into more than 7 ports below Huzhou City for injection; The other is Jingxi from the northern foot of Yili Mountain in Jiangsu Province, which is divided into more than 6 ports such as Taipu and Baidu. Taihu Lake drains into the Yangtze River from more than 7 river ports on both sides of the northeast, with Loujiang River (called Liuhe in the downstream), Wusong River (called Suzhou River in the downstream) and Huangpu River as the main ("Three Rivers"). Huangpu River is the largest discharge channel, accounting for about 8% of the total water output. The flow of other rivers and ports is small, and every time it flows backwards due to the tide jacking or the rising of the river.

There are more than 18 large and small lakes in the whole Taihu Lake system, and together with the large and small rivers entering and leaving the lakes, they form a water system as dense as a spider's web. It is very beneficial to shipping, irrigation and regulating the water level of rivers and lakes. Most of the old river networks in Taihu Plain are shallow, narrow and tortuous, and the irrigation and drainage system is disordered, so flood waterlogging is still a potential threat. Unified planning has been carried out, blind reclamation is prohibited, and river courses are renovated to increase flood discharge capacity and improve the benefit of irrigation diversion.

4. Hongze Lake

Hongze Lake is located on the alluvial plain in the middle reaches of Huaihe River in the west of Hongze County, Jiangsu Province, and is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China. Hongze Lake is a shallow-water lake with a water depth of less than 4 meters and a maximum water depth of 5.5 meters. The total area of the lake area is 269 square kilometers. The source of lake water, except atmospheric precipitation, mainly depends on river water. Rivers flowing into Hongze Lake include Huaihe River, Suihe River, Bianhe River and Anhe River.

Because Hongze Lake is developed in the lowland of alluvial plain, its bottom is shallow and flat, and its bank slope is low and gentle. The bottom of the lake is 4-8 meters higher than that of the eastern Subei Plain, making it a "suspended lake". Before harnessing the Huaihe River, Hongze Lake was covered with Wang Yang, which had neither a fixed shore nor a certain shape. With reference to the harnessing of Huaihe River, Hongze Lake was also harnessed. At present, the eastern levee in the lake area is 5 meters wide and 67 kilometers long, almost all of which are made of basalt strips. This long dike not only protects thousands of fertile fields and thousands of villages and towns in the downstream area, but also provides convenience for shipping, power generation and irrigation by retaining rich water sources.

Hongze Lake is a shallow lake, with a water depth of less than 4 meters and a maximum water depth of 5.5 meters. The source of lake water, except atmospheric precipitation, mainly depends on river water. The rivers flowing into Hongze Lake are concentrated in the west of the lake, including Huaihe River, Suihe River, Bianhe River and Anhe River. Sanhe and Subei irrigation canal are the main rivers that Hongze Lake discharges into the Yangtze River and into the sea.

Hongze Lake is rich in aquatic resources. There are nearly 1 species of fish in the lake, mainly carp, crucian carp, bighead carp, green carp, grass and silver carp. The crabs in Hongze Lake are also famous far and near. In addition, the aquatic plants in Hongze Lake are very famous. Reed is almost all over the lake, and even ships are difficult to sail in lush places. Lotus root, gorgon euryale seed and water chestnut are well-known in history, and there was a saying that "the head of a chicken and water chestnut are half a year's grain".

5. Weishan Lake

Weishan Lake is located in Weishan Lake in Shandong Province, also known as Nansi Lake. It is located in Weishan County at the junction of Shandong and Jiangsu in China, and consists of four interconnected lakes: Weishan Lake, Zhaoyang Lake, Nanyang Lake and dushan lake. Weishan Lake has a total length of 23 kilometers from north to south, a width of 6.8 kilometers to 27.6 kilometers, a circumference of 451 kilometers, a total area of 1,266 square kilometers, a controllable storage capacity of 1.73 billion cubic meters and a maximum storage capacity of 4.731 billion cubic meters.

the average water depth is 1.7m, and the deepest in flood season is 3m. The basin covers an area of 31,7 square kilometers, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the whole northern Hunan, making it the largest freshwater lake in northern China! It is also the fifth largest freshwater lake in China. Narrow Weishan Lake refers to a lower-level lake with a dam built at the waist of Weishan Lake in 196, which forms a broad Weishan Lake with Zhaoyang Lake, dushan lake Lake and Nanyang Lake.

Extended information

Freshwater Lake refers to a lake that accumulates on the surface in the form of fresh water, which can be divided into closed and open types: most closed fresh water lakes are located in high mountains or inland areas, and there is no obvious inflow and outflow of rivers; The open freshwater lake may be quite large, with islands in it and many rivers flowing in and out. Freshwater lakes are generally outflow lakes; Because the water source can be renewed and replenished, the salt content of freshwater lake is very low.

Reference Baidu Encyclopedia-Freshwater Lake