How to protect and utilize wetlands abroad

From Old Industrial Zone to Urban Wetland Paradise

One of Britain's great experiences in wetland protection and utilization is to transform abandoned old industrial areas near the city into wetland parks. London Wetland Center is the world's first wetland park built in the center of a metropolis, only 25 minutes' drive from Buckingham Palace. Few people know that it used to be just four abandoned reservoirs. During the construction of the London Wetland Center, the local people have always held the consciousness that the wetland is an ecosystem, and the establishment and operation of the ecosystem will take some time, so the wetland park will have to wait for 8 years before it can be opened to the public. At the same time, scientific and technological personnel regularly monitor the recovery of organisms until there are a large number of aquatic plants here.

Today, it has become the largest urban constructed wetland system in Europe, with more than 300,000 species of aquatic plants and 30,000 different trees planted, and 180 species of birds inhabit and migrate all the year round.

Scientific management promotes the healthy development of wetlands

While protecting wetlands, how can we not only generate certain economic benefits, but also conduct scientific research? Japan's practice in this regard is worth learning.

The first is to strictly control the number of tourists. In order to avoid the significant impact of human activities on the wetland, once the number of tourists approaches or reaches the preset number, the wetland park will no longer be released; Second, it pays attention to entertainment. Many animal models in wetland parks are carved with cork, which not only reduces the production cost, but also sells cork for tourists to make their own small animal models. Third, the design of park facilities is reasonable. Hokkaido Wetland Park has designed the route for tourists to see the most landscapes, worked out the best viewing time, and provided a lot of information for tourists to read, so as to estimate the walking distance that tourists feel tired. Just set up a small pavilion for tourists to sit down and have a look, and you can also find some small pictures and materials of wetland animals and plants next to it. After the tour, the tourists had fun and learned happily.

Wetland scenic spots should also become a good scientific research base. Japan Piaohu Wetland Reserve has been observing migratory birds for many years. From the day the first bird arrived until the last bird left, it was recorded. The staff also set up a large number of cameras within two kilometers of the reserve, which can be enlarged at any time when necessary, so as to facilitate researchers or tourists to observe at close range without disturbing birds.

Improving wetland protection consciousness in practice

Not disturbing small animals is one of the requirements for studying and appreciating wetland creatures. In some countries in Europe and America, it is often seen that parents signal their children to be quiet because the birds next to them are sleeping. In return, the park will also open up a special area for visitors to get close to wetland animals and plants.

Minneapolis is the largest city in Minnesota, USA. There is a famous wildlife reserve in this city, which attracts a large number of tourists every year, especially primary and secondary school students. Small tourists can catch fish, shrimp and insects by themselves with small net bags and other tools, and observe and learn relevant biological knowledge under the microscope. In the experience area of Biwahu Wetland Park in Japan, visitors can reach into the pool to touch fish and pinch sea cucumbers, and adults and children will go into battle with their sleeves rolled up and have fun. In the Wetland Experimental School in Anshan, South Korea, students can pump water by themselves and introduce it into the sun pool to dry salt. Students can take the dried salt away from the beach near the school by themselves. The staff also planted various common plants in the wetland for students to identify.

Regional Linkage * * * Protecting Wetland Resources

A considerable part of wetland resources span many countries and regions. Therefore, regional linkage and cooperation have become an inevitable choice to protect the ecological environment such as wetlands. The migration of spotted-tailed snipe is a successful example.

Every year in late March, more than 5 million spotted-tailed snipes leave New Zealand in the southern hemisphere and fly to the beaches of China, North Korea and Japan in the northern hemisphere. They stay here for about five weeks, then continue to fly to Alaska to breed, and then fly back to New Zealand. This journey of more than 350,000 kilometers spans 22 countries and regions. Only with the joint efforts of these countries and regions can this migration be successfully completed.

To this end, Australia and Japan hold seminars for countries along the route every year to exchange data. The United States has also installed small satellite tracking devices worth $5,000 for some birds, and used three satellites to monitor the whole process. The data obtained are provided to relevant organizations in these 22 countries and regions free of charge. More importantly, all countries and regions try their best to protect the wetlands along the route, and do not easily develop these wetlands that may only be used by birds for a few weeks a year. Everyone knows that once they are on their way,

suggestion

Li Xiusong, member of the CPPCC, vice chairman of the Anhui CPPCC and chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association, suggested that protecting wetlands is an important part of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building an ecologically civilized and beautiful China. Li Xiusong suggested that wetland protection should be placed in a more prominent position at the national level, and wetland protection should be strengthened in an all-round way in accordance with the principles of "protection priority, scientific restoration, rational utilization and sustainable development", giving full play to the huge ecological function, powerful production function, special carbon sink function and rich cultural function of wetlands.

First, accelerate the pace of wetland protection legislation. Conscientiously implement the strategic plan of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on comprehensively promoting the rule of law, incorporate wetland protection legislation into the national legislative plan as soon as possible, introduce wetland protection regulations as soon as possible, and become a wetland protection law when conditions are ripe; At the same time, promote the improvement of national wetland protection laws and regulations, and protect and manage wetland resources in strict accordance with the law.

The second is to study and establish a compensation system for wetland ecological benefits. In recent years, the state has implemented the wetland emergency protection policy, and initially established a wetland protection system with nature reserves as the main body, wetland parks and nature reserve communities coexisting, and other forms of protection complement each other. At present, the wetland protection area included in China's wetland protection system is 23.2432 million hectares, and the wetland protection rate is 43.5438+0%. With the implementation of the emergency wetland protection policy, the production and life of the people in the wetland area and surrounding areas are affected to varying degrees. There is a certain contradiction between wetland protection and economic and social development, which also increases the difficulty of protection to a certain extent. Therefore, in view of the multiple service functions of wetlands and the characteristics of providing public goods, it is suggested that the state should study and establish a compensation system for wetland ecological benefits, and give appropriate compensation to relevant stakeholders who suffer direct economic losses due to wetland protection within the planning scope through public financial input.

The third is to strengthen project management. In accordance with the principle of giving priority to protection, we will implement universal protection of wetland resources, resolutely stop arbitrary occupation and destruction of wetlands, further improve the wetland protection system, not only strengthen the protection of existing wetlands, but also actively carry out wetland restoration, continuously expand the construction of key wetland protection projects, and further protect and restore wetland ecosystems. It is suggested that on the basis of existing wetland protection and restoration projects, the state should further increase investment, raise investment standards, take comprehensive measures to restore and eutrophic wetlands, slow down wetland degradation, and accelerate the restoration of wetland functions.

The fourth is to further enhance the capacity of wetland protection and management. Strengthen the construction of wetland resources protection and management institutions and teams, establish and improve the management institutions of wetland nature reserves and wetland parks, implement staffing and improve the management system. Improve the inter-departmental wetland protection management cooperation mechanism and social participation protection mechanism, strengthen departmental cooperation, and promote wetland protection management. Explore the * * * management * * construction mode, correctly handle the relationship between wetland resources protection and utilization, coordinate the relationship between wetland protection and community residents, and construct the * * * management * * construction * * enjoyment mechanism of wetland park community. Strengthen scientific research on wetlands, carry out research on wetland protection and restoration technology, establish a demonstration base for sustainable utilization, continuously improve the comprehensive utilization rate and scientific and technological content of wetland resources, and provide technical support for wetland protection.

Fifth, make rational use of wetlands on the basis of good protection. First, protect the existing wetlands and make rational use of them on the basis of restoring their environment, water body, ecology and biological chain. Second, the use can not affect the environmental characteristics of wetlands, and can not pollute their water bodies and biological chains. Third, we can flexibly use the characteristics of wetlands around the country, optimize their environmental features, and use them in various ways and forms; Fourth, according to the actual situation of local wetlands, combined with relevant cultural resources, using cultural creativity and corresponding scientific and technological means, we will innovate the way of resource utilization, develop relevant water cultural creative tourism, and enhance its attraction and utilization efficiency.

Sixth, further increase support for wetland protection in Anhui Province. Anhui covers the north and south, connecting the east with the west, and connecting the sea along the river. The ecological location of wetlands is extremely important. The Yangtze River and Huaihe River in China's seven major water systems run through the whole territory. Xin 'anjiang originated in southern Anhui, and Chaohu Lake is one of the fifth largest freshwater lakes in China. Coal mine subsidence wetlands distributed in Huaibei, Huainan and Bozhou are extremely typical and unique in China. Anqing, one of the provinces with abundant wetland resources in China, is concentrated in large lakes along the Yangtze River, building the famous Huayang River and Lake Group in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In recent years, the provincial party committee and government have attached great importance to the protection and management of wetlands, and forestry departments at all levels in the province have taken active actions, with strong support from relevant departments. Focusing on the goal of protecting wetland ecosystem and improving wetland ecological function, a series of effective measures have been taken, and the protection and management of wetlands have been significantly strengthened. In 20 14, new pilot units of provincial wetland parks such as Caizi Lake in Yixiu District of Anqing City were built 15, and the wetland protection area was increased by 30,000 hectares; With Jinshenghu National Nature Reserve as the main body, the GEF project (strengthening the management effectiveness of Anhui wetland protection system) was launched. Jinshenghu National Nature Reserve received 30 million yuan as pilot fund for wetland ecological benefit compensation, and jieshou city received 5 million yuan as incentive fund for wetland protection. The total investment in wetland protection in the province reached 57.4 million yuan, including 55.3 million yuan from the central government and 2,654.38+million yuan from the provincial finance. At present, the total area of existing wetlands in Anhui Province is about 104 18000 hectares, accounting for 7.47% of the province's land area; The province has confirmed 5 national important wetlands, 23 wetland nature reserves and 30 pilot units of wetland parks, and initially established a wetland protection network system with national important wetlands, wetland nature reserves and wetland parks as the main body and nature reserves as supplements; Wetland protection covers a total area of 466,300 hectares, accounting for 3.35% of the national territory, initially protecting about 65% of natural wetlands and 70%-80% of wetland wildlife species in the province. But at the same time, it also faces a series of problems, such as insufficient investment in wetland protection, weak wetland protection and management ability, wetland function degradation and so on. It is suggested that the state should further increase its support for wetland protection in Anhui Province from the aspects of project funds, scientific research, foreign exchange and cooperation.