Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Travel guide - Island Legend of Juehua Island Tourism Economic Zone in Xingcheng City
Island Legend of Juehua Island Tourism Economic Zone in Xingcheng City
The ancient island is named after Taizi Dan.
Chrysanthemum Island, commonly known as Dahaishan, was called Peach Blossom Island in Tang and Song Dynasties and Juehua Island in Liao and Jin Dynasties. It was renamed Chrysanthemum Island on 1922 because of the wild chrysanthemums in full bloom on the island. The island is the largest island in Liaodong Bay, with an area of 13.5 square kilometers, 2.5 kilometers away from Xingcheng seaside/kloc-0, and only 7.5 kilometers away from the nearest land. It is also called "Five Treasures of Xingcheng" with the ancient city, hot springs, Shoushan Mountain and seashore.
The title of this island in each period has a legendary background legend, and even comes with historical relics that confirm each other with the legend. For example, the name Peach Blossom Island is inextricably linked with a man in the Warring States Period. This person is the famous Yan Taizi Dan who sent Jing Ke to stab the king of Qin. According to legend, after Taizi Dan failed to stab Qin, he fled to this island by peach blossom. When I came to the island in spring, peach blossoms danced all over the wild bees, hence the name Peach Blossom Island. Prince Taizi Dan can't cross the sea by peach petals. He may have escaped to the island on a wooden boat shaped like a peach blossom petal.
Although Yan claims to own Liaodong, its actual control area is only in today's Beijing area. The remains of Yan Great Wall still remain in the mountains in the suburbs of Beijing, and the beacon tower built by Yan can still be seen in the mountains of Zhuanghe in Dalian. After Jing Ke failed to assassinate Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, Qin took the opportunity to cut Yan, and Taizi Dan, the mastermind, was forced to flee. In the 1970s and 1980s, when road builders were repairing roads in Guiyunhua Township, Zhuanghe, they found a bronze sword of the Warring States Period in the black soil layer more than two meters deep and mixed with rocks, and named it "Chunping Houjian" according to the lettering on the sword. According to experts' research, this sword was seized after Qin defeated Han, Zhao and Wei, but it was accidentally lost in Guiyunhua Township, Zhuanghe when attacking Yan State to seize Liaodong. Zhuanghe is not far from Xingcheng. Prince Taizi Dan escaped from the capital of Yan State, and after passing through the long and narrow corridor in western Liaoning, he probably chose this coastal island as his hiding place. From a certain point of view, Qin Jun's marching route of attacking and destroying Yan generally followed the escape trajectory of Yan Taizi Dan. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin who hated Taizi Dan, vowed to catch his enemy when searching for Shan Hai Jing. Later, Taizi Dan fled to the Yanhe River at that time, which is today's Taizi River.
There is a cave on Juehua Island with a depth of more than 100 meters. It is rumored that Taizi Dan took refuge in this cave, so it is called "Hidden King Cave". This cave is also called "Tangwang Cave". The local people said that when Emperor Taizong Li Shimin visited Liaodong, he used to take shelter from the rain. The footprints left by Emperor Taizong in Liaoning can be traced back to the names of some areas. For example, the horse racing in Fengcheng, the first mountain in Liaoyang, and the "Tangwang Cave" in Juehua Island are also likely to belong to this category.
Archaeologists found stone benches, iron bowls and other objects with subtle connections with two historical celebrities in this mysterious cave. Now there are several lamp niches on the cave wall. According to experts' analysis, the purpose of building this cave is that the monks on the island collected scriptures in those days, and the nearby residents used it to escape the war.
Because this island was once named "Peach Blossom Island", it reminds people of the Peach Blossom Island described in Jin Yong's masterpiece "The Legend of the Condor Heroes". A few years ago, in order to develop local tourism, some coastal areas took advantage of the topic and said that an island in their region was Peach Blossom Island. Later, an island of the same name in Zhoushan Archipelago beat us to it and planned to build a "Jinyong Wushu Culture Village". Mr. Jin Yong was very happy to hear the inscription "Peach Blossom Island in Bihai Jinsha". Xingcheng Peach Blossom Island passed by this special reputation. However, some people speculate that the "Dragon Island" mentioned in Jin Yong's masterpiece Duke of Lushan may be related to Xingcheng Peach Blossom Island, but it is just talk.
Not long ago, archaeologists discovered many 4,000-year-old ground stone tools on Liangshan Mountain in the southeast of Juehua Island. Two of the stone tools, the half-stone roller and the stone axe, are extremely precious. Although the stone axe has gone through thousands of years of vicissitudes, the blade is still sharp when it is unearthed. All these materials for grinding stone tools are taken from the rocky mountains on the island, which is a strong evidence that human beings have lived, multiplied and lived on the island since ancient times. At the same time, this important discovery has also pushed forward the cultural history of the island for thousands of years from the era of Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao Dynasty.
According to experts' research, Juehua Island, where Guxingcheng County is located, is more prosperous than the opposite land in history. In the farmland of Qiangzili Village in the southeast corner of Juehua Island, the square ridge is the site of Guxingcheng County. Juehua Island is now under the jurisdiction of Xingcheng, but its history is much longer than the well-known Xingcheng.
There lived an emperor's teacher on Juehua Island.
The reason why Juehua Island is called "Juehua" is related to the name of a monk. More than a thousand years ago, there was a famous monk named Juehua, who was called the Master of Harmony. He took two disciples, drove a boat from the East China Sea to the Bohai Sea, and drifted to an island after hardships. However, I saw birds and flowers, rugged rocks, lush vegetation and elegant scenery on the island. The three men were thirsty for a long time, drank enough sweet spring water on the island and enjoyed the fruits and vegetables in the forest. They suddenly felt light and healthy and forgot all the insults, so they settled here and named the island "Juehua Island".
It is said that one day, the sky above Juehua Island suddenly became overcast, with lightning and thunder, waves surging into the sky and heavy rain coming. Chueh-hua suddenly remembered that today was the birthday of the Bohai Dragon King, so he took two disciples and put their palms on his chest, standing on the beach in the rain and meditating on the Dragon King Sutra. After the storm, dazzling agates, pearls, corals and amber were scattered all over the beach. Juehua and his two apprentices took these treasures to sail out to sea, recruited skilled craftsmen, and spent two years chiseling, digging and cutting down trees on this island, thus building a magnificent nine-ridge double-eaves hall-Dalong Palace.
Dalong Palace is located on the southeast coast of Juehua Island. Since then, monks have gathered and incense has flourished, and Juehua Island has also become a famous Buddhist shrine. Juehua himself naturally became the first curator of Dalong Palace Temple. After the completion of Dalong Palace, it became the center of Buddhism in Liao Dynasty, and the host of Buddhist temple was regarded as a national teacher by Liao people. The saying "Putuo Mountain is in the south and Juehua Island is in the north" was very popular at that time.
The master of Juehua later accepted an apprentice named Lang Xiao Si. After Juehua's death, Lang became the second owner of Dalong Palace. This Ron Xiao Si is not an idle man. He is a teacher appointed by Bodhisattva Xiao Taihou for Yelu Zongzhen, a Liao Xingzong.
Lang, Zi Zhiquan, is from Chaoyang, Liaoning. Although he was an official, he was disheartened by the corruption in officialdom, so he cut his hair and converted to Buddhism and became a monk. During his practice in Juehua Island, he quickly read through the Buddhist classics and got the message of Buddhism, especially in the study of Hua Yanzong, which left his peers behind.
After Lang became a teacher, he constantly influenced Emperor Xingzong with Buddhism. Under his guidance, Emperor Xingzong handled government affairs leniently, often pardoned criminals and released death row prisoners, and local officials were rewarded wherever there were no prisoners in the prison. Liao Xingzong's series of benevolent policies benefited the people, and Lang's inculcation of Liao Xingzong contributed a lot.
The relationship between Lang Xiao Si and Liao Xingzong is very harmonious. In the winter when Lang was 69 years old, Liao Xingzong missed his teacher and sent cabinet ministers to visit him with imperial books, incense and cold-proof supplies. Your son Xiao Si was deeply moved.
After Lang retired to Juehua Island, Liao Xingzong felt that he had been taught by his mentor and gave him a large sum of money to help Lang expand Haiyun Temple. /kloc-in the spring of 0/087, there was a drought in western Liaoning, and the hungry people didn't have enough to eat. Haiyun Temple donated millions. Lang Xiao Si studied Hua Yan Jing assiduously and made great achievements. He is the earliest descendant of Hua Yanzong in Liao Dynasty. Lang was able to devote himself to academic research and expand the Buddhist temple in Juehua Island, which was inseparable from the support of Liao Xingzong.
An emperor and a monk have different status, but they have forged a deep affection between teachers and students, and they have always been the same, leaving an indelible story. Wang Ji, the criminal officer of Liaodong Road in Jin Dynasty, praised in his own Record of Liaodong Travel: "The emperor always asks, and the ceremony is like a gift. If there is someone bigger than others, can Ann make you admire? But once in a thousand years, what a coincidence! "
Juehua Island also received several emperors. There is no first-hand historical data to prove whether Tang Taizong has been to this island, but the Liao emperor Luye Longxu has been to this island, which is clearly recorded in the Liao history. Emperor Shengzong of Liao advocated Buddhism and was good at riding and shooting. After boarding Juehua Island, he was deeply attracted by the rich Buddhist atmosphere and striking beauty on the island. Five years after he left the island, in 990 AD, he built a city in Juehua Island and set up Xingcheng County.
At that time, Juehua Island was the center of Xingcheng area now. Around Juehua Island, many imperial figures came in person. During the Five Dynasties, Shi Zhonggui, the emperor who died at the end of the Jin Dynasty, was escorted into the Liao country, which was the "coastal road" (namely the western Liaoning corridor). He was the first emperor in the Central Plains Dynasty who had been to Xingcheng area with historical data. Both the former emperor and Wan have been here. Nuerhachi, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, and Huang Taiji fought fiercely here. Since then, the four emperors Shunzhi, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang have all been to Xingcheng.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Juehua Island became the racecourse of the Yuan Army. Juehua Island was called Peach Blossom Island at that time and was under the jurisdiction of Yongping. "History of the Yuan Dynasty" records "Sixty households in Halachi, Yongping", which refers to herders. Thousands of families in Hallac on Peach Blossom Island are Mongolian, called Qingxi Baochiban. These herders have raised thousands of horses branded with buttocks in Taohua Island. The court has strict management over shepherds. If the army horse dies, the shepherd will pay the price. In Yuan Dynasty, Peach Blossom Island was an ideal military horse farm, with vast land and sparsely populated, numerous wasteland, fresh air and lush vegetation. The army horses stocked here are plump and strong, and every year, shepherds send many good horses to the court by boat. These excellent military horses from Peach Blossom Island are galloping across Asia and Europe with Mongolian troops who can recruit good fighters.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than 10,000 people were killed on the island.
After years of development, Juehua Island became a famous port in Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, and its northern seaport is called the estuary, which is the throat of the island. Sun Chengzong, the governor of Ming Dynasty, not only managed the fortification and garrison of Ningyuan City, but also managed the grain depot and shipping administration department of Juehua Island. Especially after the fall of Quang Ninh City, the garrison of the Ming army was concentrated in Ningyuan City, and the grain depot was concentrated in Juehua Island, which became the base for the Ming army to hoard grain.
The navy of Mingjuehua Island was then under the command of the guerrilla Jin Guan. Its functions are: first, to take care of the food and equipment on the island; The second is to cooperate with the army to attack the Jin army from the sea to restore the lost land in Liaodong; The third is to coordinate the defense of Ningyuan City-the literature records: "Those who build eight miles are the key to building Ningyuan, and even 40,000 miles are used as the rush of Ningyuan, which contradicts Juehua Island. When you spy on the city, the soldiers on the island make three forks, burn the pontoon bridge, and then beat it around. "
Due to its strategic location, Juehua Island has become the battlefield of the Ming and Jin armies. 1626, Nurhachi was frustrated in attacking Ningyuan and turned to Juehua Island. It's the middle of winter, and the sea is frozen, so you can walk directly from the shore to the island. In order to strengthen the defense, Yao Fumin and other defenders dug 15 Li Ice City along the island to stop the invasion of the late Jin cavalry. But the weather was extremely cold, and the ice was cut open, and soon it was worn and compounded. Yao Fumin and others led the officers and men to "wear ice day and night, and all the soldiers lost their fingers", but the results were minimal.
1626 1 on 26th, nuerhachi sent a small number of troops to continue to attack ningyuan city and contain Yuan Chonghuan. While secretly ordering the cavalry to attack Juehua Island, about tens of thousands of Jin cavalry led by Unnag rushed to Juehua Island from the ice. Ming army/kloc-carved ice in 0/5, and the array was defended by chariots. At dawn, the Houjin cavalry commanded by Unnag was divided into 12 teams, with Unnag as the middle road, and pounced on the "leading" grain depot city on the island. The Ming army on the island, "chiseling ice and suffering, has neither armor nor weapons, and sailors, who can't stand the battle and are outnumbered." Later Jin cavalry rode into the ice, landed from the estuary, broke through the north gate of the grain depot and rushed into the city. After Jin cavalry rushed into the chaos, the sailors on the island were in chaos. The food hoarded in the city was destroyed by the fire, and the island was filled with smoke and the fire was soaring. After that, the Jin army turned to attack Dongshan, galloped on horseback, and the officers and men guarding the island fought to the death, but they were like throwing stones to ask for directions. In history, "the general on the island, Jin Guan died first, and Yao and Xian all died." Wu Shilin, the son of the golden crown, went to the island to welcome his father's funeral. He personally led 300 righteous men to fight against the late Jin army. He was outnumbered and all 300 people died.
In this battle, the Ming army suffered heavy losses. More than 7,000 Ming troops and 7,000 businessmen on Juehua Island were killed by the late Jin army. The latter Jin army burned more than 80,000 grains and more than 2,000 ships. Juehua Island was destroyed as a logistics base outside the customs of the Ming Dynasty, and only a dozen officers and men of the Ming army survived. Then the price paid by 8 Jin Jun was slight, with only 269 people killed after the war.
After the war, Yuan Chonghuan made a "sacrifice for soldiers killed on China Island", which made people angry. "Why don't you get married and vent?" In the ambition of life, it continues through death, although the day of death is the year of hesitation. "
In the battle of Ningyuan between the Ming Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty, the Ming army won in Ningyuan City, the main battlefield, and lost in Juehua Island, the secondary battlefield, but on the whole, victory was the mainstay. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty called this victory "Ningyuan Victory".
Bright grain shops in Juehua Island are still clearly visible today. The city is rectangular, about 500 meters long from north to south, 250 meters wide from east to west, with a wall height of about 10 meter and a bottom width of about 6 meters. There is a door on the north wall, which connects the ports outside the city as a channel for transporting food and equipment. There are two gates on the south wall, which are connected with the "Dragon Neck" to facilitate the exchanges on the island. There are no doors on the east and west walls, which is conducive to defense. There are grain depots, material piles, barracks relics of officers and men guarding the city, and a drainage ditch running through the north and south.
Good times in the naval camp of juewa island.
After the unification of China in Qing Dynasty, in view of the importance of coastal defense in Lushunkou area, 17 13 set up Lushun Naval Battalion in September, and 17 14 officially patrolled the sea in June. Lushun Naval Battalion has warships 10 and 500 men, which is the most powerful fleet in the north of Qing Dynasty.
The Ministry of Military Affairs of the Qing Dynasty specially designated a "sea patrol range" for Lushun Naval Camp: Juhua Island in the west and Yalu River in the east, and Juhua Island is the starting point of the western end of Lushun Naval Camp. There are special houses on the island for officers and men to rest. After landing on the island, naval officers and soldiers sometimes have to wait for more than a month to board the ship and return.
After arriving at Chrysanthemum Island, the patrol leader officer should write a cruise record, mostly ordinary sentences such as "Nothing happened". During their stay in Chrysanthemum Island, officers and men of naval divisions enjoyed the beautiful scenery of the island, often went fishing and catching crabs in the sea, and were immersed in the fun of fishermen's life.
Lushun navy battalion turned from prosperity to decline in the last years of Qianlong, and began to decline. The ship is dilapidated and the funds are tight, and it has reached an embarrassing situation where it is unable to patrol the sea. Especially the officers are afraid of death, and the naval battalion has lost its fighting capacity. In view of the inability of Lushun Naval Battalion to shoulder the heavy responsibility of defending the coast, 1880, Emperor Guangxu ordered the abolition of Naval Battalion and replaced it with Beiyang Naval Battalion founded by Li Hongzhang, a westernization school. Since then, the officers and men of the naval battalion have never been seen on Chrysanthemum Island.
As the largest island in Liaodong Bay, Chrysanthemum Island actually perished in the Qing Dynasty for more than 260 years without a battle. Fishermen live and work in peace, and the island presents a peaceful scene that has lasted for more than 200 years since the end of the Ming Dynasty.
In recent years, due to the depletion of aquatic resources, eel, shark and other fish species have almost disappeared in Liaodong Bay. At present, residents of the island go out to sea to catch silverfish and shrimp in spring, and go out to sea again in May 1 to catch crabs. In the sun and on the beach, fishermen's women can be seen everywhere mending their nets.
The bells of Buddhist temples are still long and melodious, and ancient monuments are full of vicissitudes. The war is yesterday's history, and the celebrities of the past quietly sealed their memories. Wandering in the mountains and rivers of Juehua Island, we can get a close look at an old site bearing the remains of distant legends. The Millennium seems to roll back in an instant, and with a flick of a finger, the five-character quatrains of the Qing Dynasty poet and Britain praising Juehua Island are still in my ears. "The blue sea is picturesque, the pot is separated from the water cliff, and the wave becomes a stream, carefully carved and hidden. When the peach blossoms are in bloom, you can look for chrysanthemums. Why not take a ride and hide? "
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