Reading Su Dongpo's Danzhou: Nan doesn't hate narrow escape.

/Danzhou: I don't hate the southern narrow escape.

On the third night, the bitter rain will eventually clear up? .

Who decorated the clouds and the moon? Clarify the sea and sky color book? .

Do you know Xuanyuan's music in your spare time? .

I don't hate the narrow escape in the south. I spent the rest of my life traveling.

-"The Night of Crossing the Sea on June 20th"

Su Shi was demoted to Danzhou because of the poem "Vertical Pen" written by Prime Minister Zhang Yun.

He was ordered to leave Huizhou on April 17th (1097), the 19th of that month. As time was tight, Su Shi hurried on his way before he could clean up. Huizhou is a wild place, and Hainan is more backward, belonging to the most sinister and wild place. Known as "the gate of hell" here, there are poisonous snakes and beasts everywhere, and malaria is prevalent. Going to Danzhou will be a narrow escape.

Su Shi was 62 years old when he was demoted to Danzhou. Knowing that it was difficult to return to the Central Plains in this life, he bid farewell to Huizhou's family and made a will to explain the aftermath. He talked about Hainan, making coffins first, then making graves, and being buried in Hainan after his death. On the occasion of parting, the family "cried by the river and said goodbye to death." Su Shi was left alone with his youngest son, Su Guo, in a very miserable situation.

Su Shi was demoted to Danzhou at the same time, and his younger brother Su Zhe was demoted to Leizhou. Both of them were ordered to take orders and didn't know each other. In May, Su Shi arrived in Wuzhou, Guangxi, only to know that his younger brother had arrived in Tengzhou, Guangxi, so the two brothers met in Tengzhou and went to Leizhou together. This is the last time they meet in their lives.

In Danzhou, Su Shi lived a life of "no meat, no medicine, no room and no friends, no charcoal in winter and no cold spring in summer". The living environment is bad, but what is worse than this is the human heart! Su Shi was named "Qiongzhou don't drive", but the court didn't give him a salary. At that time, Hainan's grain was transported by the mainland. Because of the tide, food often cannot be transported to the island, and it is common to cook at regular intervals. Su Shi is an official and implicated by his younger brother Su Zhe, so there is no official residence here. No food, no shelter, no money to spend, this is not enough, the court has not allowed officials to sympathize with and help Su Shi, anyone who dares to disobey orders will be dismissed and beheaded. When Su Shi first arrived in Danzhou, Zhong Zhang, a local official, warmly welcomed him and had frequent contacts. As a result, he was dismissed and almost died.

Judging from these circumstances, the court sent Su Shi to Danzhou not as an official, but as a beggar exiled to Hainan. Exiled criminals still have a place to live, and Su Shi doesn't even have a place to live. It is conceivable that the authorities are trying to kill him. The local Li people sympathized with Su Shi's experience, so they helped him build five huts in the forest called "Guanglang Temple", which provided a shelter for Su Shi.

At that time, the Li nationality was similar to the primitive tribe, and the Central Plains people said that they were backward and cruel. Su Shi walked among them and found that they were very simple and enthusiastic about their friends. In the eyes of Li people, Su Shi is not a guilty minister who should be avoided, but a noble person who lives a rough life. They admire his rich knowledge and sympathize with the embarrassment of his life, so they often send Su Shi pork, kapok cloth and homemade muddy wine.

The simple enthusiasm of the Li people slowly ignited Su Shi's childlike innocence. At that time, Li people were short of water and drank salty water, which made them easy to get sick. After searching in many ways, Su Dongpo finally found two springs in a place in the northeast corner of the city wall. He immediately called the villagers and guided them to open springs and dig wells. From then on, the Li people bid farewell to the days when there was no water to eat and drank the sweet and delicious spring water. These two springs are the famous double springs, also called double wells. Today, this famous spring still remains in Wugong Temple, which is called "Floating Su Quan" and has the reputation of "the first spring in Hainan".

Li people make a living by hunting. Su Shi advised them to actively reclaim wasteland and learn farming. He also enthusiastically wrote "Poems to Encourage Agriculture". He helped people improve farm tools and encouraged local people to develop the habit of farming, which improved their lives to some extent. Due to the backwardness of local production technology, people are very superstitious. When they are sick, there is no doctor, so they rely on magicians to see a doctor. The only way to cure this disease is to kill cattle and sacrifice them to the gods. Su Shi was determined to change this situation and personally went to the countryside to collect medicines to help the people treat diseases. He also tested the types of drugs, wrote medical notes and explored drugs for local people to treat diseases.

Before Su Shi came to Hainan, there was no real scholar there. After he came to Hainan, he spread the culture of the Central Plains to the local area and trained Jiang Tangzuo, the first scholar in Hainan, and Fu Que. Since then, Hainan people have gained a lot in the imperial examinations.

When he first arrived in Danzhou, Su Shi felt that he was in an uninhabited place. The lack of material living conditions, the harsh natural living environment, and the lack of friends far away from home made Su Shi feel very depressed, and endless loneliness and loneliness came to him. But he quickly made adjustments. He recited Tao Yuanming's poems, exchanged letters with his younger brother Su Zhe across the Taiwan Province Strait, and often wandered around temples, Taoist temples and country fairs, interacting with local people. His mind gradually calmed down and gradually integrated into the local environment.

Su Shi is a person who "can accompany the Jade Emperor in the world and beggars in the wilderness". In his eyes, there is no one in the world who is not a good person. He was with the local villagers in the mountains and had a good time with them in Sanma? . He also often walks around with a big dog "Five Mouths" from Hainan. On one occasion, Su Shi met an old Li woman in her seventies on the road and asked her, "How is the world?" The old lady replied: "The world is like a spring dream." Su Shi thought she didn't hear clearly, so she repeatedly asked, "What's the world like?" The old lady replied: "Hanlin was rich in those days, a dream of spring!" " "This is Su Shi's mind. He worships the old woman and feels inferior to her. From then on, Su Shi called her a "woman with a dream of spring".

Not far from Su Shi's residence lived the Li Ziyun brothers, who often drank with Su Shi. Once Su Shi happened to get caught in the rain on his way back from drinking, so he borrowed a local coconut hat and clogs from a nearby peasant woman and put them on to go home. Along the way, women and children couldn't help laughing when they saw his strange appearance. Someone also drew a picture based on this, called Dongpo Yi Li Tu.

Once Su Shi went to a friend's house for a drink. He was so drunk that he couldn't find his way home. He asked a man, and someone told him, "Your home is in the west of the cowshed. Follow the cow dung on the road and you can go home. " Su Shi wrote this experience into a poem:

Half-awake and half-drunk, Zhu Li was fascinated step by step.

But looking for the cow found the way home, which is in the west of the cowshed.

There are three or four little friends Li with horns. They whistled with green onion leaves and ran after Su Shi. Su Shi was very happy and felt that the life scene in front of him was very similar to Confucius and his disciples in Xiao Shui. He wrote in the poem:

The Li family has three or four children blowing onions and leaves to welcome Weng.

Don't be a distant Wan Li, the brook has its own dance style.

Confucius and his disciples talked about their ambitions. Ceng Yong said: "Those who are late in spring have taken spring clothes; There are five or six champions, six or seven boys, bathing and dancing, and going home. " Confucius praised it. Now Su Shi is wandering by the stream, followed by three or four children of Li nationality. Isn't this what Confucius yearned for?

Su Shi's material living conditions in Hainan are poor, but his interest is growing. Yu mentioned in Tianya Tale: Su Dongpo became sick and flushed after drinking a few mouthfuls of wine, and the children thought he was rejuvenated. Sometimes when all the wine and rice are used up, I borrow them from my neighbor's house and pull vegetables from his garden. He and the local Li family have become like a family. No wonder Su Shi wants to say "I am from Danzhou, but I live in Xishu", and he is willing to "lend me three acres of land to be a neighbor. If the second language can be learned, it will become Li's mother. "

In Danzhou, Su Shi created his self-care method according to local conditions: combing his hair, sitting and sleeping at noon and stepping on his feet at night. While in Huangzhou, Su Shi fulfilled his father's last wish and wrote nine volumes of Yi Zhuan and five volumes of The Analects. Su Shi supplemented and revised this when he was in Danzhou, Huizhou. When exiled to Lingnan, he also wrote thirteen volumes of biographies and five volumes of Zhi Lin.

In Danzhou, without paper and ink, Su Shi did it himself and almost burned down the house. He also learned the tea ceremony and cooked tea with tap water. The tea he makes is white, green and fragrant.

Those traitors who tried to murder Su Shi did not expect that their carefully arranged exile life did not defeat Su Shi, but made Su Shi brilliant. The evaluation of it in "Fengyuetang Poetry Talk" is: "Dongpo's articles are inferior to those after Huangzhou, and only Huang Lu can resist them. When you cross the sea in your later years, although Lu Zhi is also lagging behind. " The hardships of life made Su Shi mature in art.

Originally, Su Shi thought that he would be buried in the southern wilderness and never return to the Central Plains. Who knew that things in the world were so unpredictable? Young Song Zhezong died because he had no children, and his brother Song Huizong succeeded him to the throne, so he pardoned the whole world. When he was pardoned, Su Shi was detained in Hainan Island for three years and eight days. In the third year of Fu Yuan (1 100), on June 20th, Su Shi crossed the sea to the north. At this time, he wrote this song "Crossing the Sea on the Night of June 20": After three nights of bitter rain, it finally cleared up.

Who decorated the clouds and the moon? Natural beauty and clarification of ocean colors.

In his spare time, Chaucer took advantage of music to get a general understanding of Xuanyuan's music.

I don't hate the narrow escape in the south. I spent the rest of my life traveling.

"I don't hate the narrow escape in the south, so I will travel wonderfully all my life." If I hadn't been exiled to this desolate place, how could I enjoy such a magnificent and wonderful scenery? In the most dangerous, difficult and difficult days, Su Shi can make God laugh. He didn't complain, but looked at the problem positively with detachment and broad mind. This open-minded attitude, which is above all success or failure, has made Su Shi great and immortal, making him the one who laughs last.

Facing the Li elders who came to see me off, Su Shi was reluctant to part with him and sent him off with affection, and wrote a poem "Farewell to Hainan Table":

I am from Hainan and live in Xishu Prefecture.

Suddenly crossing the ocean, such as traveling far.

Life and death are dreams, and there is no inferiority among them.

Knowing that we won't meet again, you still want to go and stay less? .

Su Shi has regarded Hainan as his hometown. He got the care and love of local Li compatriots in Hainan, which made him feel the warmth of his hometown, so he even suspected that he was originally from Hainan and went to Sichuan by mistake. After living in Hainan for three years, Su Shi has no regrets. He regards this as the most extraordinary and difficult life course in his life.

In fact, how can life be smooth sailing in this world? Smooth sailing is just a good wish. Life must struggle, struggle in the wind and rain, and strive hard to stand up and become a "person." Su Shi's experience tells us that only by facing the difficulties in life positively can we truly appreciate the taste of life. Today's rough life may be the wealth you grow up tomorrow. Don't complain, face up to the reality and face it positively, in order to live up to this only life!