What are the characteristics of domestic tourism?

Looking back at the development process of the world tourism market, it is certain that tourism has become an indispensable part of the contemporary world economy. The tourism market is an emerging market with strong vitality in the world market. Today, tourism has become the world's second largest export industry after the oil industry, and it is still growing rapidly. Studying the characteristics of modern tourism market development is crucial to formulating strategies and tactics for tourism market operations.

What are the characteristics of the development of the modern tourism market?

1． From domestic tourism to international tourism. There are three main forms of tourism activities, one is domestic tourism, one is overseas tourism, and the other is inbound tourism for foreigners. There are three types of tourism, the latter two are collectively called international tourism. The development of world tourism generally takes place in industrially developed countries. Domestic tourism activities can no longer meet the needs of the people of the country. Subsequently, there have been activities to travel abroad and accept foreigners for inbound tourism. This model of gradually developing from domestic tourism to international tourism first appeared in some developed countries in Western Europe and North America, such as Europe, the United States, Japan, etc. After the 1960s, the international tourism industry has developed rapidly. For example, in Europe, due to convenient transportation, short distances, and good tourist facilities, the number of international tourists has always accounted for about 70% of the total number of international tourists in the world. , and the number of international tourists between European countries accounts for more than 80% of the total number of international tourists in Europe. In addition, international tourism in countries such as Japan, Australia, the United States, and Canada has also developed rapidly. There were only 57,000 Japanese tourists traveling abroad in 1956. Thirty years later, the number of people traveling abroad reached 5.17 million, almost 91 times the number in 1956. By 1985, the number of overseas tourists from the United States had grown to more than 20 million, and that from Canada had reached 13 million. At present, not only the number of people participating in domestic tourism around the world is close to 4 billion, but international tourism has also reached more than 325 million (statistics in 1986). Domestic tourism and international tourism promote each other and combine with each other to form today's powerful tourism torrent and market system.

2． Group tourism develops into individual tourism. From the perspective of the tourism market, in the initial stage of modern tourism, the group tourism market is generally the main form, and the scattered individual tourism market is the secondary form. This is because the procedures for group travel are simple, easy to master, and the benefits are large. In the future, with the large-scale development of tourism activities, group tourism forms will gradually be replaced by some individual tourism, family tourism, group tourism, etc. Because this kind of tourism allows you to choose scenic spots and adjust and change your travel lifestyle as you like. It is flexible and free from the constraints of group actions. Therefore, this type of tourism quickly developed in Western Europe and North America where tourism activities are relatively developed, international transportation is convenient, and there are many privately owned cars. According to statistics on international travelers received by West Germany from 1975 to 1979, 88.9% of the total number of people traveling in the country took cars or other vehicles, while those taking trains dropped to 5%, and those taking airplanes were even less, accounting for only 3.5%. It can be seen that the market image of group tourism as the traditional form in the past has gradually transformed into a market pattern with individual tourism as the main form. For example, Japanese survey statistics show that in 1964, family tourism accounted for 19.7% of the total number of tourists, and group tourism accounted for 47.5% of the total number of tourists. But by 1978, family travel rose to 38.5%. Group travel has dropped to 31.4%. Even group tourism has changed the past form of single collective unified action and implemented diversified and flexible methods. Such as collective departure, local dispersion, or local concentration, and post-tour dispersion, etc., the two activity forms and two markets of group tourism and individual tourism are combined to adapt to the individual needs of tourists.

3． Development from basic tourism level to improved tourism level. Tourism activities can be divided into several levels, one is the basic level, the other is the enhanced level, and the other is the specialized level. The so-called basic tourism level refers to the general sightseeing needs of tourists. Traveling means traveling, traveling means traveling, and traveling means sightseeing. Therefore, sightseeing or enjoying the scenery is the first and basic need of tourists. Without this basic need, tourism will lose its own attributes. The so-called raising the level mainly refers to entertainment art appreciation activities. People participate in tourism activities not only for sightseeing, but also for entertainment and shopping. Closely integrate sightseeing with entertainment and shopping. Among them, entertainment and shopping are based on sightseeing; therefore, they are at an elevated level. The so-called specialized level refers to a higher level of tourism, such as pilgrimage tourism, conference tourism, business tourism, recuperation tourism, hunting tourism, mountaineering tourism, etc., all of which appear in the form of specialized tourism markets. The above three levels are improved step by step, reflecting the development law of the tourism market. The basic connotation of this law is: transforming from a basic sightseeing market to a high-end entertainment, shopping and specialized market. This transformation will undoubtedly put forward higher requirements for modern tourism and will cause a series of changes in the tourism industry. Vacation entertainment and specialized tourism are more suitable for tourists' hobbies and interests, so they are very popular among tourists. For example, European Mediterranean countries use sunlight and beaches to carry out seaside vacation tourism; Hawaii, Bermuda and other islands carry out sea surfing, yachting and recuperation tourism; Disney amusement parks opened in California, USA and Tokyo, Japan, as well as flavor tourism in various places , wedding tourism, sports tourism, recuperation tourism, etc.

4. From high-consumption tourism to mass tourism. In the past, it was believed that tourism was a pleasure activity for the rich and aristocratic, and most of the people who participated in tourism were those with money and status in the middle and upper classes of society. However, since the 1960s, tourism has not only been widely developed in many countries, but also formed a world international tourism flow. As a widespread social and geographical activity of mankind, tourism has spread to every corner of the world. In 1986, the total number of international tourists in the world reached 325 million. This is an unprecedentedly extensive and huge human exchange activity. It marks that world tourism has entered an era of popularization. Take Europe as an example: the continent has a population of more than 440 million. In 1986, the number of tourists reached more than 200 million; the British population was 56 million. In 1982, the number of overseas tourists was 20.61 million. There were 32 million domestic tourists for one to three nights, and 40 million for four nights or more. It can be seen that its tourism is extensive and popular. Another example is Japan. In 1979, the number of domestic tourists reached 163 million, accounting for 1.48 times of the country's total population, with an average of 1.5 trips per person per year. By 1983, the number of domestic tourists increased to 259 million, with an average of 2 trips per person per year. above. The arrival of the period of popularization of tourism will certainly raise a series of new research topics for tourism market strategies and choices. Tourism market operators must organize a variety of tourism projects based on popular market characteristics to meet the various preferences and needs of the general public for tourism.

5. From tourism among developed countries to tourism in developing countries. In the early 1960s, international tourism was mainly conducted among Western economically developed countries such as Europe and the United States, and its market scope was not large. Since the second half of the 1960s, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines in Asia, Australia and nearby island groups in Oceania, some coastal countries in Latin America, and North African countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, and Algeria in Africa have also successively launched international tourism activities. . By the 1970s, the world had formed a global international tourism market structure composed of six major tourist areas. In particular, the participation of the vast majority of third world and developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America has played a positive role in changing the face and structure of the world's international tourism industry. Taking North Africa as an example, international tourism has developed rapidly in recent years. North Africa is located on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and is adjacent to Europe across the sea. It has convenient transportation and close distance. It is a tourist destination for European international tourists looking for sunshine, warmth, beaches and other recuperation and cold escape. For these reasons, international tourism is developing extremely rapidly. For example, Tunisia attracted 50,000 European and American tourists in 1962, the first year of tourism; by 1978, the country received more than 1.14 million international tourists, and the number of tourists increased four or five times in less than two decades. Of particular note is the East Asia and Pacific tourist area, which has always been far ahead of the six major tourist areas in terms of international tourism development speed. According to statistics from the World Tourism Organization, this tourist zone received only 1.5 million international tourists in 1962, but by 1972, the number increased to 5.4 million; in 1982, the number increased to 23 million, equivalent to 15 times that of 1962. At present, the number of international tourists received in the East Asia-Pacific Tourism Area has exceeded 34 million. Judging from the changes in the percentage of receptions in the six major tourist areas, its development speed has always been the fastest in the world. Therefore, authoritative figures from international tourism organizations have repeatedly predicted that the future center of tourism in the world will be in East Asia and the Pacific. Now this trend of the center of tourism moving eastward is still intensifying. For example, in 1962, the number of visitors in the Asia-Pacific region accounted for only 1.8% of the total number of visitors in the six regions; by 1985, the number had increased to 10.4%. During the same period, the percentage of tourist arrivals in developed European tourist areas dropped from 71.8% to 67.7%. Several major emerging tourist countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific tourist region, such as Singapore, Hawaii, and Hong Kong, all receive more than 3 million tourists. The above facts show that the tourism industry in developing countries and regions such as Asia, Africa and Latin America is active in the international tourism market with rapid development, attracting tourists from all over the world. This is a feature that is particularly noteworthy at present.