A complete collection of detailed information on western Europe

Western Europe refers to the developed countries in western Europe, which is a political concept, and most of them are members of NATO, while western Europe is a purely geographical concept, located in the western part of the Eurasian continent and the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean, and most of them are located at 35 ~ 6 north latitude, belonging to the north temperate zone. In a narrow sense, it refers to the Atlantic Ocean and nearby islands in western Europe, including Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Monaco. It also includes Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Greece and other European developed capitalist countries. Western Europe in a broad sense can be divided into four parts: Northern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe. It covers an area of about 5 million square kilometers, including more than 3 countries, accounting for about half of Europe.

Western Europe is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with 99% of the population belonging to the Europa race, which is a relatively homogeneous region. Ethnic groups mainly include English, Germans, Austrian, Swiss, Dutch, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Icelandic and so on. Irish, Scots, Welsh, etc. belonging to Celtic language family; French, Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Romanians, etc. belonging to the Romanesque family, Finns belonging to the Uralic family and Greeks, the cradle of European civilization. Basic introduction Chinese name: Western Europe English name: Western Europe abbreviation: Western Europe continent: major European cities: London, Paris, Berlin, Rome, Vienna and other official languages: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and other currencies: Euro, Sterling and other time zones: UTC+ to UTC+2 Population: 51 million (end of 216) Major ethnic groups: Germanic, Celtic, Romanesque, Finns, Greeks Major religions: Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodox Church Land area: 5 million square kilometers Road traffic: drive on the right (Britain, Malta, Geographical location: Western European Union: European Union's temperature zone: North temperate geographical location, European Union, geography, location range, coastline, topography, climate, atmospheric circulation, rivers, population, politics, Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Monaco, economy, economic strength, agriculture, tourism, industry, western European countries. Important seaports include London, Liverpool (England), Marseille (France), Brussels (Belgium), Rotterdam, Amsterdam (Netherlands) and so on. There are famous cities such as London, Paris, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Brussels and Marseille. Except Monaco, the other six countries are members of the European Economic Community. Western Europe in a broad sense refers to all capitalist countries in Europe. Located in western, central and northern Europe. It covers an area of about 5 million square kilometers and has a population of more than 5 million (1988). The highest Alps in Europe extend across the south, with its trunk extending eastward to Carpathian, southeast to Narrowak Alps, south to Apennines and southwest to Pyrenees. Scandinavia has Scandinavian mountains in the north. The central part is mainly distributed in plains. There are many volcanic earthquakes in the south and Iceland. The Mediterranean coast has a subtropical dry summer and wet winter climate, while most other areas have a temperate humid climate. There are coal, iron, oil and other mineral deposits. Most countries are developed capitalist countries, with developed industries, agriculture, foreign trade and transportation, forming an economic system centered on the European economy. The member countries of the European Economic Community are France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Greece, Spain, Portugal and Denmark. Western Europe also refers to the overall regional consciousness of some countries and regions in western Europe, which tend to be consistent in culture, language, religious belief and economy. European Union The European Union (EU) is an international organization developed on the basis of Europe. The purpose of the EU is to strengthen the coordinated development of economy and society by establishing a space without internal boundaries, and to establish an economic and monetary union that will eventually implement a unified currency, so as to promote the balanced economic and social development of member States. The headquarters of the European Union is located in Brussels, Belgium. There are 27 member States in the European Union, 17 of which use a unified currency-the euro (EUR). ）。 The economic strength of the European Union is roughly equal to that of the United States, and it plays an important role in the international arena. The economic and trade cooperation between China and the EU is growing steadily, and the comprehensive strategic partnership is also developing continuously. Geographical location covers the western half of Europe, bordering the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. It is divided into four parts: Northern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe. Most areas are located between 35 and 7 north latitude, with a temperate climate. Western Europe refers to the part of Europe west of the line from the east coast of the North Sea to the west coast of the Black Sea. This area is small, but there are many countries and the coastline is very tortuous. The coastline is the most tortuous continent in the world, with many peninsulas, islands and bays. The main peninsula has Scandinavia in the north, Balkans, Apennines and Iberia in the south, the main islands are the British Isles and Iceland, the main inland seas are the Baltic Sea in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the south and the Black Sea in the southeast, the marginal sea is the North Sea, and the Bay of Biscay is a famous bay. Topographic plains are dominant, with the lowest average elevation in the world: the North Sea, the Baltic Sea coast, the Bode Plain east of the Rhine River, and the western European plain mountains: the Scandinavian mountains in the north and the Alps in the south. The highest area in Bo Lang Feng is deeply influenced by glaciers: glacier erosion: there are many lakes-"the country of thousands of lakes" Finland, the fjord coast-Norwegian coastal glacier accumulation (ice accumulation): undulating hilly terrain in the Alps. The plain is undulating-lakes scattered on both sides of the Alps in Bode Plain. Climate characteristics: mild and humid, with obvious maritime characteristics (mild in winter, cool in summer, smaller in daily temperature range than in annual range, and even in seasonal distribution of precipitation throughout the year), with a gradual transition from maritime to continental climate from west to east. The atmospheric circulation is located in the westerly belt, and the prevailing westerly wind transports the Atlantic warm and humid airflow to the inland. Differences between east and west: most of them are temperate maritime climate, and some are temperate continental climate. North-South differences; It has a temperate maritime climate in the north and a Mediterranean climate in the south. Hydrological characteristics of rivers Climate and topography-determine the hydrological characteristics of this area-There are many rivers, dense river network, abundant rivers, small water level change, stable water flow, few long rivers and long navigation mileage, including ice period. The main rivers flow through the rivers with the largest number of countries-Danube River: Germany, Austria (Vienna), Slovakia, Hungary (Budapest), Croatia, South (Berger), Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine-and flow into the Black Sea-The mouth of the Danube River is about 45 degrees north latitude and 3 degrees east longitude-the Rhine River: Switzerland, France and Germany. The Netherlands flows into the North Sea, and the middle and lower reaches flow through the developed industrial and agricultural areas and densely populated areas, with convenient shipping. The Seine River in France, the Thames River in Paris, the Elbe River in London, Hamburg (the largest port in Germany) is the main canal, the Danube-Rhine Canal. Population: white people are dominant, and the densely populated areas are distributed along the coal mines and industrial zones, showing a slightly "cross" shape, with a low natural population growth rate. Political Britain Britain (Britain was originally abbreviated as the Kingdom of England), the full name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is located in the British Isles in the northwest of the European continent, surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel, celtic sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Britain is a western European island country consisting of England, Wales and Scotland on the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland in the northeast of Ireland and a series of affiliated islands. In addition to the native land, it also has fourteen overseas territories [1] with a total population of over 64 million, with the English (Anglo-Saxon) as the main ethnic group. The glorious revolution in 1688 established the British constitutional monarchy. Britain was the first industrialized country in the world. It completed the industrial revolution first and its national strength grew rapidly. From the 18th century to the early 2th century, the territory ruled by Britain spanned seven continents, and it was the most powerful country in the world at that time, known as the empire when the sun never sets. Victory was achieved in both world wars, but the national strength was seriously damaged. By the disintegration of the British Empire in the second half of the 2th century, the hegemony of the capitalist world was replaced by the United States. However, Britain is still a big country with great influence in the world [2]. Britain is a highly developed capitalist country. One of the four largest economies in Europe, its citizens have a high standard of living and a good social security system. As the head of the British Association, a member of the European Union, Schengen Convention and G8, a founding member of NATO, Britain is also one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council [1]. Ireland Ireland (Irish: Poblacht na h? ireann； English: Republic of Ireland) is a parliamentary republic in Western Europe, with the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Irish Sea in the east and Britain across the sea. It is the gateway from North America to Europe. Ireland's natural environment is well maintained, and it is known as the "Emerald Island", with trees and rivers all over the country. Grassland is everywhere, so it is also called "Green Island" and "Emerald". Its university education is very mature, and Dublin, the capital, has been known as a university town since the Middle Ages. The domestic climate is mild, and the temperatures in various places are relatively balanced. May to June is the most sunny period in a year, which is more suitable for travel. Irish people belong to Celts, and they are the descendants of the first generation of residents in continental Europe. Ireland became independent from British colonial rule in 1922 and became a permanent neutral country. [1] Ireland is a highly developed capitalist country. It is also a member of the European Union, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. And it is also one of the countries with the fastest economic development in the world, and has won the reputation of "European Tiger" because of its developed economy. [2] The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland), originally called the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is called Holland because its Dutch province is the most famous, so it is often called Holland by the world. Located in the north-west of Europe, it is the European starting point of the famous Eurasian Continental Bridge. Holland is a world-famous lowland country. With a total land area of 41,864 square kilometers, it borders Germany and Belgium. One of the founding countries of the European Union and NATO, it is also a member of international organizations such as the Schengen Convention, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization [1]. In the 17th century, the Netherlands was the most powerful maritime hegemon in the world at that time, and was once known as a sea coachman. There are 12 provinces and 443 towns in the Netherlands. The capital is located in Amsterdam, but its central office, the residence of the king, all the organs and foreign embassies, the Supreme Court and many organizations are in The Hague. [2] The Netherlands is a highly developed capitalist country, famous for its seawalls, windmills, tulips and tolerant social atmosphere, and its laws on drugs, sex trade and abortion are the most liberal in the world. The Netherlands is the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage and euthanasia. Belgium The Kingdom of Belgium, referred to as Belgium for short, is located on the western coast of Europe, bordering Germany in the east, Holland in the north, France in the south, Luxembourg in the southeast, and Britain across the sea in the west. The coastline is 66.5 kilometers long. Two-thirds of the country's area is hilly and flat lowlands. The whole territory is divided into three parts: the coastal Flanders Plain in the northwest, the hills in the middle and the Ardennes Plateau in the southeast. The highest point is 694 meters above sea level. The main rivers are Mas River and Eskau River, which belong to the marine temperate broad-leaved forest climate with obvious four seasons. [1] Belgium is at the crossroads of Europe both geographically and culturally. Although the land area is not large, there are various tourist attractions all over the country. Brussels, the capital, is not only the world-famous ancient battlefield of Waterloo, but also the headquarters of the European Union. [2] Belgium is a highly developed capitalist country, and its economy is highly dependent on foreign countries. Foreign trade is its economic lifeline, and it is one of the top ten commodity importers and exporters in the world. About two-thirds of the national GDP comes from exports. As one of the highly industrialized countries in the world, it was one of the earliest countries in the European continent to carry out industrial revolution in the early 19th century. Belgium has perfect infrastructure such as ports, canals, railways and highways, creating conditions for closer economic integration with its neighbors. It is also a founding member of the European Union and NATO, and a member of international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. On October 28th, 215, the 7th session of the UN General Assembly re-elected the members of the UN Human Rights Council, and Belgium was successfully elected for a term of office from 216 to 218. [1] Luxembourg Luxembourg (Luxemburg: L? Tzebuerg, French: Luxemburg, German: Luxemburg) is the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, located in the northwest of Europe, surrounded by neighboring France, Germany and Belgium, and is a small landlocked country with an area equivalent to a county in China. It is also the only remaining grand duchy in continental Europe today, the capital city of Luxembourg. Because of its small territory and many castles, it is also called "pocket kingdom" and "country of thousands of castles". Because of its varied terrain, it is located in the main road of Germany and France in history, and its terrain is dangerous. It has always been an important military fortress in western Europe and has the title of Gibraltar in the north. Luxembourg is a highly developed capitalist country, one of the founding members of the European Union and NATO, a highly developed industrial country, the most important private banking center in the euro zone and the second largest investment trust center in the world after the United States. Finance, radio and television, and steel are its three pillar industries. The unemployment rate in this country is extremely low, and the average life expectancy is 8 years. France France * * * Republic of China (French: République fran? Aise (English: the French Republic), referred to as France for short, is a presidential republic in western Europe, and its overseas territories include some areas in South America and the South Pacific. France is the third largest country in Europe and the largest country in Western Europe. It borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland and Italy in the east and Spain, Andorra and Monaco in the south. The local terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and it is roughly hexagonal. It faces water on three sides, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, and Britain across the English Channel in the northwest. Corsica is the largest island in France. [1] France became one of the great European countries from the end of the Middle Ages, and its national strength reached its peak in the 19th and 2th centuries, establishing the second largest colonial empire in the world at that time, and it was also the most densely populated country in the 2th century. In the long history, the country has cultivated many famous writers and thinkers who have far-reaching influence on human development, and it also has the fourth largest world heritage in the world. [2