Historical Records is the first of 24 histories. What is the translation and original text of Qin Shihuang's Biography?

1. Translation

On August 1st, Zhao Gao wanted to make trouble and was afraid that his ministers would not obey, so he made an experiment in advance and presented a deer to the second, saying, "This is a horse." Junior smiled and said, "Is the Prime Minister wrong? Call a deer a horse. "

Zhao Gao asked the left and right ministers. Some of them were silent, others said they were horses, and they came to flatter Zhao Gao. Some said it was a deer, so Zhao Gao secretly framed those who said it was a deer under the pretext of the law. Later, ministers were afraid of Zhao Gao.

Second, the original text

August was already in the sea, and Zhao Gao wanted to make trouble, fearing that his ministers would not listen, so he set up an inspection first, presented a deer to the second year, and said, "Ma Ye." II laughed and said, "Is the Prime Minister wrong? Call a deer a horse. " Ask left and right, left and right, or silence, or say that Ma Yiashun Zhao Gao. Or talk about deer, high because of the various words in the yin. After all the ministers are afraid of heights.

Third, the source

Excerpts from Historical Records written by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty

First, the creative background

Sima Qian took over from his father in the third year of Yuanfeng (the first 18 years) and began to write Official Records of Taishi (later called Historical Records) from the first year of Taishu (the first 14 years).

Later, he was arrested, imprisoned and putrefied for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender to Xiongnu to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and suffered great physical and mental trauma. After he was released from prison, he served as a secretary, and continued to finish his historical books with humiliation and enthusiasm. In about two years (the first 91 years), the book was finally written and revised.

Second, appreciation of works

Historical records' unique narrative art pays great attention to the deeper exploration of the causal relationship of events, synthesizes all kinds of historical books of the previous generation, and forms a unified statement, with the twelve biographies and ten tables as the representatives in the vertical direction, describing all historical times before the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, and the eight books, thirty families and seventy biographies as the representatives in the horizontal direction, taking all classes, nationalities, fields and industries as a whole, forming a vertical and horizontal direction.

In addition, there are many unique features in the composition, sentence patterns and words used in Historical Records, which are unique and unconventional, and produce unique effects with its novelty and variety.

Third, the author's brief introduction

Sima Qian (before 145 years-? ) was born in xia yang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Western Han historian and essayist. Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishiling, was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and later served as the secretariat. He worked hard to finish the historical records he wrote, and was called Shi Qian, Tai Shi Gong and the father of history by the later Buddha.

Sima Qian created China's first biographical and general history Historical Records with the historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, connecting the changes of ancient and modern times, and making a unified statement", which was recognized as a model of China's history books and the first of the "Twenty-five History", and was praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, leaving Sao without rhyme".

Baidu encyclopedia-biographies of Qin Shihuang