Introduction to tourist attractions of Mogao Grottoes in Gansu Where is the scenic spot of Mogao Grottoes in Gansu?

Brief introduction of Mogao grottoes information!

Mogao Grottoes is a national key cultural relic protection unit, commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Cave. It is located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor and is famous for its exquisite murals and Buddha statues. It was founded in the Sixteen Kingdoms period before Qin Dynasty, and has formed a huge scale after the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties. There are 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals and 24 15 clay sculptures. It is the largest and richest Buddhist art shrine in the world. In modern times, the Tibetan Sutra Cave was discovered, containing more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics, from which the subject of Dunhuang studies was derived, which specialized in studying the classics of the Tibetan Sutra Cave and Dunhuang art. However, in modern times, the Mogao Grottoes were cheated and stolen, a large number of cultural relics were lost, and its treasures were seriously damaged. 196 1 year, Mogao grottoes was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1987, Mogao grottoes was listed as a world cultural heritage. It is one of the four largest grottoes in China. Now, the Mogao Grottoes have become a famous tourist attraction in China.

Dunhuang tourist attractions must be visited.

What are the tourist attractions in Dunhuang? Among the scenic spots in Dunhuang, the Mogao Grottoes are famous at home and abroad. It is the largest art treasure house in the world. In addition, Dunhuang also has magical desert wonders and a long history of the Silk Road. If you want to know about China's earliest trade trip, come to Dunhuang. Let's take a look at the recommendations of Dunhuang tourist attractions.

Mogao Grottoes

The Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as the Thousand-Buddha Cave, is known as the most valuable cultural discovery in the 20th century, the Louvre in the East. It is located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor and is famous for its exquisite murals and statues.

Although the Mogao Grottoes have been eroded by nature and destroyed by human beings in the long years, it is still the largest treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. The capacity and content of Dunhuang murals are unmatched by any religious grottoes, temples or palaces in the world today.

tourist handbook

Admission: 200 yuan (peak season1-1October 65438+3 1)

100 yuan (off-season 165438+ 10/0/-April 30th)

Address: 25km south of Dunhuang.

Transportation: To go to the Mogao Grottoes, you can take the country bus in front of Shazhou Market in Dunhuang City, and the fare is 8 yuan (you can go there by chartered bus).

Special reminder:

1, Dunhuang climate belongs to polar arid continental climate, with annual average temperature of 9.3℃, July average temperature of 24.7℃ and1October average temperature of 9.3℃. It is dry and rainy all year round, and the temperature difference between day and night is very large. In addition, there are two kinds of natural disasters in Dunhuang, namely dry-hot wind and black sandstorm, so tourists should take precautions early.

In order to protect the murals, you can only watch the Mogao Grottoes with a flashlight. Every tour guide should bring a flashlight. If you want to watch them better, you can bring a flashlight with three batteries. It is recommended to use a cold flashlight.

As the flash of various cameras has caused great damage to cultural relics, please be sure not to bring your camera before visiting the Mogao Grottoes!

It is suggested to go to Mogao Grottoes in the morning, because the entrance of the cave faces east, and the direct sunlight is sacred.

Mingshashan Yueya Spring

Mingsha Mountain is a national key scenic spot. Located at the northern foot of Mingsha Mountain, seven kilometers south of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, it covers an area of about 200 square kilometers, starting from the cliff top of Mogao Grottoes in the east and connecting Danghe Reservoir in the west. The whole mountain consists of fine-grained yellow sand. When the wind blows wildly, the sand mountain will make a loud noise, and the breeze will blow like a orchestral bamboo, hence the name Mingsha Mountain. There are two peculiar things about Mingsha Mountain: if people fall from the top of the mountain, the sand under their feet will whine, and the footprints left by people climbing the sand mountain during the day will be completely gone the next day. Mingsha Mountain and Sha Feng are undulating, and the mountain is "like a dragon winding" and golden as a golden mountain. Mingsha Mountain was once called "Shajiao Mountain"

tourist handbook

Admission: 120 yuan (peak season: April1-1October 3 1), 60 yuan (low season: June165438+1October1-).

Transportation: Take Bus No.3 (Rebound Pipa Sculpture/Shazhou South Road) from the urban area, fare 2 yuan, and arrive at the terminal. You can also take a taxi to Mingsha Mountain (around 20 yuan).

Special reminder:

The sunset scenery in Mingsha Mountain is beautiful, and the best time to see Crescent Spring in Mingsha Mountain is dusk. It's windy and dusty on the mountain, so it's better to take some preventive measures.

Ya Dan National Geopark

Ya Dan National Geopark in Dunhuang is the largest, most mature and most ornamental landform community in Ya Dan in Asia. The scenic spot is divided into north and south areas, about 25 kilometers long from east to west and 18 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of more than 400 square kilometers. The Ya Dan in Dunhuang is magnificent, beautifully shaped and rich in content, which is a rare geological wonder. At the same time, it is also an important scientific investigation park for studying geology, geomorphology and ecological environment. 200 1, 1 1, the Ministry of Land and Resources approved the establishment of Dunhuang Ya Dan National Geopark.

tourist handbook

Admission: 120 yuan (including 70 yuan section fare).

Transportation: Hire your own car or choose to go to a travel agency to participate in individual package tours and Ya Dan buses.

Yangguan

When it comes to Yangguan, people will immediately think of a poem "Rain in Weicheng _ light dust, green willow color in the guest house." Advise you to drink more, there is no reason for people to go out of Xiyangguan. "This masterpiece by Wang Wei, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, can be described as a quatrain, which was widely circulated after being sung with music.

Yangguan is located on the "ancient beach" in Nanhu Township, 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City in Hexi Corridor. Because it is located in the south of Yumenguan, it is named Yangguan. Yangguan was founded in the period of Ding Yuan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it is one of the "four counties and two customs" in Hexi. As the gateway to the western regions, Yangguan is also an important pass of the South Road of the Silk Road and a battleground for ancient military strategists. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, with the decline of the Silk Road, Yangguan was gradually abandoned. In the old Dunhuang county annals, Yumenguan and Yangguan were called "the relics of the two customs" and listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Dunhuang.

Today, the former Yangguan City has long since disappeared, leaving only a beacon tower site named Yangguan Eyes and Ears, which stands on Dundun Mountain for future generations to mourn.

tourist handbook

Admission: 50 yuan, with full explanation service.

Transportation: There is an asphalt road connecting Dunhuang and Yangguan, and the cost is about 100 yuan. Because the scenic spot is large, you can take 20 yuan at the entrance of the scenic spot and take a battery car to enter the scenic spot.

Yumen Pass

Yumenguan, commonly known as Xiaofangcheng, is said to be named after the beautiful jade of Hetian jade was introduced into the Central Plains. Dunhuang city, located at the western end of Hexi Corridor, is one of the two passes in the western border of Han Dynasty. It is the only way for the ancient Silk Road to leave Dunhuang from the west and enter the north and middle roads in the western regions. Since ancient times, it has been the gateway for the Central Plains to enter the Western Regions. At a distance of 0/5km from Yumenguan/Kloc-0, there is an ancient city of Hecang, which was the granary of Yumenguan in Han Dynasty. Only the ruins are left, but you can still see the momentum of the year. The only way from Dunhuang to Yumenguan is to take the sidewalk rolled out by cars on the Gobi Desert.

tourist handbook

Tickets: 40 yuan.

Transportation: It is recommended to take a chartered bus.

Self-driving: from Dunhuang, drive along G2 15 for 34. 1 km, turn right ahead, drive for 58.4 km, turn right ahead, drive for 20 meters, and pass the site of Han Great Wall on the right for about 220 meters, then you can reach Yumenguan site.

Car rental: Dunhuang to Yumenguan is about 90 kilometers, connected by desert highway, and cars can basically pass. At present, there is no direct public transportation. It is recommended to charter a car or find a local travel agency. The cost of chartered car is around 500 yuan.

Have you ever been to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes? Do you think it is worth visiting?

Located in Dunhuang City, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, China, the Mogao Grottoes is the largest and richest Buddhist territory in the world, and one of the three and four largest grottoes in China, with extremely high artistic value and tourism value. Every year, countless people come here to travel from all over the world. Dunhuang Mogao grottoes has a long history, and its beauty is shocking and amazing. Personally, I think it's worth visiting here. Here is a detailed introduction to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.

0 1, geographical location

Mogao Grottoes is located in Dunhuang City, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, at the westernmost end of Hexi Corridor in China. As a well-developed tourist attraction, the infrastructure construction near Mogao Grottoes is relatively perfect, and there are also related sightseeing bus transfers, which is very convenient. It's not too expensive to take a taxi directly from downtown. If you pursue economic travel, you can also choose to take the bus. Generally speaking, the transportation is very convenient.

02. Landscape overview

The Mogao Grottoes are mysterious. The flying sky on the algae well, the thousand buddhas on the top of the slope, the gentle statue of bodhisattva and the colorful murals on both sides are all amazing. Standing in the cave, silently appreciating and feeling the profound historical and cultural heritage it contains seems to travel back to a thousand years ago in an instant, which is amazing. Each cave is unique and has its own unique charm and scenery. Before you step into the next cave, you can never imagine what kind of surprise and shock the next cave will bring you.

03. Play the project

In the Mogao Grottoes, in addition to enjoying the magnificent and colorful murals here, the architectural style and characteristics of the grottoes themselves, as well as the pagodas, are all things worth stopping to watch. Among them, there are many masterpieces in ancient buildings, which have high research value. Typical nine-and three-story buildings, as well as the Tibetan Sutra Cave, are all must-see when you come to the Mogao Grottoes.

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes have very important historical value, artistic value and scientific and technological value, and are the treasures of all mankind. On the whole, it's still worth visiting. If you have a chance in your lifetime, you must go and see it.

Dunhuang Mogao grottoes information

Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave, is located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor. Founded in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Countries, after the Sixteen Countries, Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, it has formed a huge scale, with 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals and 24 15 clay sculptures. It is the largest and richest Buddhist art site in the world.

196 1 year, the Mogao grottoes were announced by the people of China and the State Council as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1987, Mogao grottoes was listed as a world cultural heritage.

Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu are collectively called the four major grottoes in China.

The 1,000-year history of the construction of Dunhuang Grottoes coincides with the important development period of China's long-term separatist regime in the upper and lower Han Dynasties, its national integration and the unification of the north and the south, its peak in the Tang Dynasty and its decline. This period is the formation and development of China's artistic procedures, schools, categories and theories, as well as the establishment and development of China's Buddhist theories and sects after Buddhism and Buddhist art were introduced. Buddhist art became an important category of China art, and finally completed the China period.

Judging from the categories of painting art in China, the figure paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings and decorative paintings in Dunhuang Grottoes have a history of thousands of years, which are self-contained and numerous, and can all become independent histories of figure paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings and decorative paintings. In particular, it has preserved such rich examples of figure paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings and decorative patterns in China before the Song Dynasty, that is, before 10 century, which is unprecedented in the collections of museums all over the world.

There are more than 200 caves with music as the theme in Dunhuang murals, and many bands, musicians and musical instruments are painted. According to statistics, there are more than 500 groups of different types of bands, more than 40 kinds of musical instruments and more than 4,500 pieces. There are also music materials such as music scores in Dunhuang Tibetan scriptures cave documents. Rich music images show the continuous development and changes of China music culture in the past 1000 years. It provides valuable information for the study of China's music history and the communication between Chinese and Western music.

Introduction of scenic spots in Mogao grottoes

Introduction of scenic spots in Mogao grottoes

Although the Mogao Grottoes have been invaded by nature and destroyed by human beings in the long years, there are still 492 caves in the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, with more than 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 2,000 colored sculptures, making it the largest treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. Next, I will introduce the tourist attractions of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, hoping to help you!

Special reminder

At present, Mogao Grottoes can only visit 10 Grottoes and two exhibition centers. On public holidays, you can visit five grottoes.

Photographing is forbidden in Mogao Grottoes; The cave is not open in rainy days; It is best to bring a flashlight when visiting (you can also rent it outside the scenic spot).

It is best to visit the Mogao Grottoes in the early morning, because the number of visitors is limited and the light is better in the morning.

It is best to read an introduction about the Mogao Grottoes, otherwise it is difficult to understand the mystery of grotto statues and murals.

During the peak season of Mogao Grottoes, domestic guests 160 yuan, foreign guests 180 yuan (20 yuan is the explanation fee).

In the off-season of Mogao Grottoes, the guest is 80 yuan, and the foreign guest 100 yuan.

The opening hours of the Mogao Grottoes are 9:00- 17:00.

You can take a taxi from Dunhuang to the Mogao Grottoes. One way around 35 yuan, the car is a little more expensive. In addition, there are many direct flights between China and Pakistan to the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. If you stay late in the cave, you can take a minibus to pick up the staff after 6 o'clock, which costs 5 yuan per person. If you want to go in the peak season, you can take the green bus near Dunhuang Hotel, and the fare is 2 yuan.

Mo Kao Grotto at Dunhuang

The inner wall of the Tibetan Sutra Cave is painted with images of bodhi trees and maids. Including a low altar with a Zen bed and a stone tablet on it. The confession tablet of the famous monk Hongbian is a monument to record the life story of Hongbian. (As for the statue of Hongbian, it was not found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave, but was placed elsewhere. Because the researchers found the name of Hongbian and a small bag of ashes in the statue, the statue was placed in the Tibetan Sutra Cave. ).

Buddhist scriptures in Mogao Grottoes are very important discoveries in the archaeological history of China. Most unearthed documents are written, and a few are engraved. About five-sixths of them are written in Chinese, and others are in ancient Tibetan, Sanskrit, Qilu, Sogdian, Hehe, Qiuci and so on. The contents of the literature are mainly Buddhist scriptures, in addition to Taoist scriptures, Confucian classics, novels, poems, historical records, cadastres, account books, calendars, deeds, letters, plays and so on. Many of them are unique, unique. These are of great historical data and scientific value to the study of the history of China and Central Asia, and thus form a discipline-Dunhuang studies, which focuses on the study of Tibetan scriptures and the art of Dunhuang grottoes.

In 1900, more than 50,000 pieces of classics, history, books, collections and other documents from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty were found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave (now 17 Cave). Mogao Grottoes is the largest Buddhist cave temple in the world with the richest content, the most exquisite art and the most complete preservation. China Grottoes originated from India. The traditional grottoes in India are mainly stone carvings, while the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are mainly clay murals because rocks are not suitable for carving. Generally, the whole cave used to be round, and then it gradually faded into high plastic, shadow plastic and wall plastic. Finally, with the mural as the background, the two arts of plastic and painting were combined.

There are more than 1,000 caves in the Tang Dynasty, and there are 492 existing caves, including 32 caves in Wei Dynasty, 247 caves in Tang Dynasty, 36 caves in the Five Dynasties, 45 caves in Song Dynasty, 8 caves in Yuan Dynasty, 45,000 square meters of murals and 241. Mogao Grottoes is the largest existing "world art treasure house", and 19871February was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. The artistic features of the Mogao Grottoes are manifested in the organic combination of architecture, statues and murals. Cave-shaped organizational system is divided into Zen Cave, Palace Cave, Tower Temple Cave, Dome Cave and Shadow Cave. Colored plastics are divided into round plastics, floating plastics, shadow plastics and good plastics. Murals are divided into statue paintings, historical paintings, story paintings, Buddhist historical paintings, architectural paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings, decorative paintings and other different contents, which systematically reflect all aspects of cultural exchanges between the East and the West in more than ten dynasties, such as Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty, and have become rare cultural treasures for mankind.

The largest cave is more than 40 meters high and 30 meters square. The smallest one is not tall enough. Statues are clay sculptures and colored sculptures, with a single image and a group image. Buddha statues are among people, with disciples, bodhisattvas, heavenly kings and mighty men standing on both sides, ranging from 3 to 1 1. Maximum 33m, minimum 10 cm. More exaggerated colors are used to express the characters' personalities, and their expressions are different. Murals include Buddha statues, Buddhist monuments, classics, myths, patron saints and other themes and decorative patterns. The oldest map, Wutai Mountain map, is more than 40 square meters. From a flower, a leaf, a god and a Buddha to the travel map of Zhang Yichao and his wife showing the activities of local historical figures at that time, the composition is fine and lifelike. This cave is resplendent and magnificent. If the pictures are arranged at a height of 2 meters, a gallery with a length of 25 kilometers can be formed, which is the largest and richest grotto art treasure house in China. Since 1900, more than 50,000 volumes of religious and secular documents in Buddhist scriptures were discovered in the Mogao grottoes, Dunhuang art has shocked the whole world, and "Dunhuang studies" has become a world-renowned school. Unfortunately, due to the ignorance of the Taoist king who presided over the Mogao Grottoes at that time, almost all these treasures were stolen abroad. Now, at the foot of Sanxian Mountain opposite the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang Research Institute has built the Dunhuang Art Exhibition Center with Japanese donations, and copied some original large grottoes, making the viewing contents of tourists in the Mogao Grottoes more colorful.

Introduction of tourist attractions in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

Mo Kao Grotto at Dunhuang

Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu are also called the four major grottoes in China. Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes and Chongqing Dazu Stone Carvings are the four largest grottoes in China that have been listed as World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.

The Mogao Grottoes were built during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. According to the Tang Dynasty's "Li Kerang Rebuilds the Monument of Mogao Grottoes", in 366 AD, two years before the founding of the Qin Dynasty, monks passed by this mountain and suddenly saw the golden light shining like Buddha, so they dug the first grotto on the rock wall. Since then, Zen master Fa Liang and others have continued to build caves here to practice, which are called "desert grottoes", meaning "high places in the desert". Later generations renamed it "Mogao Grottoes" because of the common "desert" and "Mo". During the Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties, the rulers believed in Buddhism, and the construction of grottoes was supported by princes and nobles, which developed rapidly. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the prosperity of the Silk Road, the Mogao Grottoes flourished, and there were more than a thousand caves in Wu Zetian. Therefore, later generations also called it "Thousand Buddha Cave". After the Anshi Rebellion, Dunhuang was occupied by Tubo and Guiyi Army successively, but the carving activities were not greatly affected. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty, the Mogao Grottoes gradually declined, and only the caves of the previous dynasties were rebuilt, with few new buildings. After the Yuan Dynasty, with the abandonment of the Silk Road, the construction of the Mogao Grottoes stopped and gradually disappeared into the world's field of vision. It was not until the fortieth year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (170 1 year) that people paid attention to it again.

Rock cave

Mogao Grottoes is a large-scale cave temple with murals as the main part and statues as the auxiliary part, which integrates painting, sculpture and architectural art. Its grottoes mainly include Zen Grottoes, Central Pagoda Grottoes, Palace Grottoes, Central Buddhist Grottoes, Four-walled Three-niche Grottoes, Elephant Grottoes and Nie Grottoes. The size of caves varies greatly, with the largest cave 16 reaching 268 square meters and the smallest cave 37 less than one foot high. The original wooden temples outside the grottoes were connected by cloisters and plank roads, but many of them no longer exist.

Mo Kao Grotto at Dunhuang

Cave 96 is the highest cave in the Mogao Grottoes, and its "nine floors" is the landmark building of the Mogao Grottoes, with a height of 33 meters. It is a nine-story canopy, also known as the "North Elephant", which is in the middle of the cliff cave, as high as the cliff top and magnificent. Its wood structure is red, the eaves are high, the outline is patchy, and the eaves ring with the wind. In the meantime, there is a sitting statue of Maitreya Buddha, 35.6 meters high, painted with stone tires and clay sculptures. It is the third largest sitting Buddha in China after Leshan Giant Buddha and Rongxian Giant Buddha. The space for accommodating the giant Buddha is large at the bottom and small at the top, and the plane is square. There are two passages outside the building, which can not only be used to watch the nearby giant Buddha, but also be used as the light source for the head and waist of the giant Buddha. The eaves of this cave existed before the first year of Tang Wende (888), when it was five stories. In the fourth year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (966) and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to four floors. 1935 was rebuilt again, forming the current 9-story model.

wall painting

The murals of Mogao Grottoes are painted on the walls, roofs and shrines of the caves, with profound contents, including seven themes, such as Buddha statues, Buddhist stories, Buddhist historical sites, changes, immortals, patrons and decorative patterns. In addition, there are many paintings that show all aspects of social life at that time, such as hunting, farming, textiles, transportation, war, architecture, dancing, weddings and funerals. Some of these paintings are bold and broad, and some are magnificent and gorgeous, reflecting the artistic styles and characteristics of different periods. Most of China's paintings before the Five Dynasties have been lost. The murals in the Mogao Grottoes provide important objects for studying the art history of China and extremely valuable images and patterns for studying the ancient customs of China. According to calculation, if these murals are arranged at a height of 2 meters, they can be arranged for up to 25 kilometers.

carve

The cliff where the Mogao Grottoes are located has soft soil and is not suitable for making stone carvings. Therefore, the statues of Mogao Grottoes are all made of wooden bones except four giant buddhas made of stone tires. Statues are Buddhist gods and Buddhists, and there are many combinations such as single portrait and collective portrait. Group images are generally centered on Buddha, including disciples, bodhisattvas, heavenly kings, lux and so on. Both sides, ranging from 3 to 1 1. Color plastic forms include round plastic, floating plastic, shadow plastic and fine plastic. These statues are exquisite, vivid, imaginative and profound, which complement each other with murals.

There are 492 existing grottoes with murals and sculptures in Mogao Grottoes, which can be roughly divided into four periods: Northern Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty.

There were 36 caves excavated in the Northern Dynasties, among which the earliest caves 268, 272 and 275 were probably built in Beiliang. Grottoes mainly include Zen Grottoes, Central Pagoda Grottoes and Palace Grottoes. There are two kinds of colored sculptures: round sculptures and shadow sculptures. The contents of murals include Buddha statues, Buddhist stories, monsters and patrons. Shadow sculptures in this period were mainly flying in the sky, offering sacrifices to bodhisattvas and thousands of buddhas. At first, most of the round carvings were a combination of one Buddha and two bodhisattvas, and later two disciples were added. The characters in the statue are vigorous, dignified and quiet, with simple and heavy style. Early murals were based on earth red, and then painted with green and white. The colors are warm and heavy, the lines are simple and vigorous, and the figures are tall and straight, which has the characteristics of Buddhism in the western regions. After the Western Wei Dynasty, the background color was mostly white, the tone tended to be elegant, the style was free and easy, and it had the wind of the Central Plains. Typical caves are Cave 249, Cave 259, Cave 285 and Cave 428.

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of the development of Mogao Grottoes, with more than 300 existing caves. Zen Grottoes and Central Pagoda Grottoes gradually disappeared during this period, but at the same time, a large number of forms appeared, such as palace grottoes, Buddhist altar grottoes, four-walled three-niche grottoes and elephant grottoes, among which the number of palace grottoes was the largest. Statues are all round, with rich shapes and primitive styles, and there are tall statues that were not available in the previous generation. Most of the group images consist of seven or nine statues. There were mainly one Buddha, two disciples, two bodhisattvas or four bodhisattvas in the Sui Dynasty. In the Tang dynasty, there were mainly one Buddha, two disciples, two bodhisattvas and two heavenly kings, and some of them added two Lu. The murals of Mogao Grottoes in this period have rich themes, magnificent scenes and magnificent colors, and their artistic skills have reached an unprecedented level. The contents mainly include Buddha statues, historical changes, Buddhist historical sites, Buddhist stories, patrons and so on.

There were more than 100 caves in the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, most of which were reconstructed and redrawn in the previous dynasty, and their shapes were mainly Buddhist temples and temples. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the Zhang family and Cao Shi family who ruled Dunhuang believed in Buddhism and made great contributions to the Mogao Grottoes. Therefore, a large number of portraits of patrons appeared at this stage, and the content was rich. Statues and murals all followed the style of the late Tang Dynasty, but in the later period, their forms became more formulaic and the level of artistic skills declined. The typical grottoes in this period are 6 1 grottoes and 98 grottoes, among which the largest mural in Mogao grottoes, Wutai Mountain Map 6 1 grottoes, is 5m high and 13.5m long, depicting the mountains and rivers, temples, pavilions and pavilions around Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, with great momentum.

There are 85 caves in Xixia and Yuan Dynasty in Mogao Grottoes. There are 77 caves in Xixia, most of which are caves of the previous dynasty. Cave shapes and mural carvings basically follow the style of the previous dynasty. The image of Uighur king appeared in some caves in the middle period of Xixia, which may be related to Uighur. In the late Xixia period, Tibetan tantric content appeared in murals. There were only eight caves in the Yuan Dynasty, all of which were newly excavated, with the shape of a square cave and a circular altar. Murals and sculptures are basically related to Tibetan tantra. Typical caves are Cave 3, Cave 6 1 and Cave 465.

A cave where Buddhist scriptures are preserved

/kloc-in 0/900, Wang Yuan, a Taoist living in the Mogao grottoes, carried out a large-scale cleaning in order to transform some abandoned caves into Taoist temples. He happened to find a small door on the wall of the tunnel on the north side when he was cleaning the mud for Cave 16 (now numbered). After it was opened, a square cave room (now cave 17) appeared, which spanned from the 4th century to 1 1 century (that is, sixteen countries to sixteen countries).

Introduction of scenic spots in Mogao grottoes

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes were built in the second year of Qin Jianyuan (AD 366). It is a world-famous treasure house of Buddhist art and a wonderful flower with a history of more than 600 years/kloc-0. Although the Mogao Grottoes have been invaded by nature and destroyed by man in the long years, there are still 492 caves from the late Sixteen Kingdoms to the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, with 24 15 colored sculptures, more than 45,000 square meters of murals and 5 wooden buildings in Tang and Song Dynasties. It is the largest and best-preserved Buddhist art cave in the world.

The art of Mogao Grottoes is a comprehensive art integrating architecture, painted sculptures and murals. It is the largest and most complete treasure house of Buddhist art in China and even in the world. 199 1 is listed as "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO. Mogao Grottoes is a great art palace and an encyclopedia of images. It shows people the social and historical picture from the 4th century to14th century with a large number of superb murals. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Cave, is located on the cliff beside the Dangquan River at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, with a length of about 1600 meters from north to south.

196 1 year, the State Council announced Dunhuang Mogao grottoes as national key cultural relics protection units; 1987, UNESCO listed this period as a world cultural heritage protection project. The art of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes includes four parts: architectural art, colored plastic art, mural art and Dunhuang literature. It is a three-dimensional art integrating architecture, sculpture and painting. Its content is extremely rich.

On the basis of inheriting the excellent artistic traditions of the Han nationality in the Central Plains and the brotherly nationalities in the Western Regions, ancient folk artists absorbed and integrated foreign expressions, and developed into a Buddhist art with China national style with Dunhuang local characteristics. These large-scale and breathtaking religious works of art provide massive and precious materials for the study of China's ancient politics, economy, culture, military affairs, geography, religion, social life, ethnic relations, friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries, and cultural exchanges. They are eternal cultural treasures and spiritual wealth of mankind.

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Brief introduction of Dunhuang Mogao grottoes 100 words or less.

Chinese name: Mogao Grottoes; Mbth: Mogao Grottoes; ; Geographical location; 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province; Opening hours: 8: 00-18: 00; Ticket price: 200 yuan/person; Famous scenic spots; Tibetan sutra cave, ninth floor.

Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave, is located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor. Founded in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Countries, after the Sixteen Countries, Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, it has formed a huge scale, with 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals and 24 15 clay sculptures. It is the largest and richest Buddhist art site in the world.

Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu are also called the four major grottoes in China. On August 3rd, 2065438, a large-scale documentary "Dialogue between Mogao Grottoes and Angkor Wat" jointly produced by Dunhuang Research Institute and other units premiered at Dunhuang International Convention and Exhibition Center. With the theme of dialogue among Asian civilizations, the documentary shows people the wonderful connection between different civilizations in fate, culture and art.