Complete detailed information on Xianling (Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu Li Yuan of the Tang Dynasty)

Tang Xian Mausoleum is the mausoleum where the Tang Emperor Li Yuan (566 AD - 635 AD) and Taimu Queen Dou are buried together. In May of the ninth year of Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty (AD 635), Li Yuan died and was buried in October. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, built the Xianling Mausoleum according to the specifications of the original mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The mausoleum is located in the north and faces south. It is surrounded by earth and is in the shape of an overturned bucket. The plane is rectangular. The mausoleum is a rammed city with a door on each wall and a pair of stone tigers placed outside each door. The south gate is the main entrance and originally had many stone carvings. There is one Huabiao and one stone rhinoceros (buried underground in Group 5 of Yonghe Village). Another stone tiger and stone rhinoceros that were originally well preserved are now in the Xi'an Forest of Steles Museum.

In front of the mausoleum, local villagers volunteers guarded the mausoleum and planted the "Tanghuang Hua Di" rose garden. There is a cultural relics management office in front of the left side of the mausoleum. Basic introduction Chinese name: Xianling Location: Yonghe Village, Xumu Township, Sanyuan County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province Opening hours: All day Ticket price: Free Famous attractions: Xianling stone carvings Year: Tang Tomb owner: Li Yuan Protection level: Fifth batch nationwide Key cultural relics protection units Country: China City: Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province Recommended play time: 2-3 hours Suitable play season: Must-read before traveling all year round, scenic spot updates, scenic spot introduction, key information, basic overview, mausoleum construction, mausoleum Shape, burial tombs, main attractions, transportation information, basic overview Tang Xianling Mausoleum is located in the west of Yonghe Village, Xumu Township, Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province. It is the mausoleum where the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan (566 AD - 635 AD), and Taimu Queen Dou were buried together. It is the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province. Li Yuan died in the ninth year of Zhenguan of Tang Dynasty (AD 635) and was buried in Xianling. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, built the Xianling Mausoleum according to the specifications of the original mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. When the Xianling Mausoleum was first built, there was no mausoleum and it was divided into two inner and outer cities. It was grand and spectacular in scale. Each of the four gates of the inner city has a pair of stone tigers. Outside the south gate stands a pair of tall Huabiao and stone rhinoceros. , there are 67 tombs of royal relatives and important officials scattered around the cemetery, like stars and the moon, making the mausoleum very spectacular. The mausoleum is located in the north and faces south. It is surrounded by earth and is in the shape of a compound bucket. It is about 100 meters long and wide and 13 meters high. It is rectangular in plan. The cemetery is a rammed city with a door on each wall and a pair of stone tigers outside each door. It is decorated with large Chinese watches and stone rhinoceros, especially stone tiger and stone rhinoceros, with majestic, resolute and high-spirited postures. Except for one of the stone rhinoceros and stone tiger, which has been moved to the stone carving room of the Shaanxi Provincial Museum, the others are preserved in front of the tomb. Mausoleum construction. The other three of the four mounds of earth tombs in the Tang Dynasty were all located in the late Tang Dynasty. Li Yuan's mausoleum was built in this way because the current economic situation did not allow large-scale construction. The stone carvings of the mausoleum mostly maintained the characteristics of the previous dynasty, with rough and simple craftsmanship and appearance. Fierce and large in size, although the carvings on the stone figures are relatively precise, their artistic value is average. The stone beasts are imitations of the Tianlu Qilin from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, without losing their majesty, but the craftsmanship of the master is average, and they appear to be imitations of Eastern styles. However, the stone carvings of Xianling Mausoleum have their own unique features. Novel things, such as the image of the ostrich. The ostrich was introduced to our country from the east coast of Africa by the Great Cannibal in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties. It was able to absorb this foreign culture and reflect it in art in a short period of time. This shows the development of art in the early Tang Dynasty. Development, there are two existing ostrich reliefs in Xianling, one is incomplete, the other has plump feathers, short legs, not very thick neck, and relatively strong wings, which are not the same as modern ostriches. This is in line with the laws of genetics and There is an existing stone tablet in the Xianling Mausoleum that discusses the origin and evolution of the ostrich, but there is no tortoise. Since during the Emperor Taizong period of the Tang Dynasty, the deceased who were rewarded by the counselors, generals and relatives of the previous dynasty were buried in the Xianling Mausoleum, so there are about 40 burial tombs that can be examined. The mausoleums scattered around the mausoleums were severely damaged, with only remnants of most of the stone carvings remaining, making it difficult to imagine their original appearance. Shape of the mausoleum: The mausoleum faces north and faces south. There are 378 buildings on the ground. The tomb passage is in the shape of an overturned bucket. The height of the mausoleum is 31 meters, and the length and width are 100 meters. The platform of the mausoleum is in the shape of an overturned bucket. It is located in the east of the middle part of the cemetery, and the bottom edge is 139 meters long from east to west. , 110 meters long from north to south, 30 meters long from east to west at the top, 10 meters long from north to south, and 19 meters high. Regarding the construction plan of the Xianling Mausoleum, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once issued an edict to discuss it and decided to build it according to the six-foot-high scale of the original mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The existing height is generally consistent with the records. There are gates on all sides of the inner city, and inside each gate there is a pair of stone tigers guarding the four gates, with alert eyes and strong limbs. 300 meters outside the south gate, there is a pair of stone rhinoceros, and about 100 meters away, there is a pair of stone huabiao. The whole category of stone carvings is extremely simple, but the carving art has high artistic value. It is simple and simple, resolute in shape, strong and rough, and open-minded and high-spirited. For example, the dragon embossed on the base of the Chinese watch and the Suan Ni carved in the round on the top are very simple and vivid in the form. The round carvings of tigers and rhinoceros are tall and realistic. The images of beasts are engraved with realistic techniques. The thick bodies and concise lines pursue realism without paying attention to the appearance of decoration. They not only depict the characters, but are not intimidating, and can be used. Cute, this is a representative and fine product of Tangling stone carving art. There are many burial tombs for the early Tang Dynasty heroes and nobles near the Xianling Mausoleum, with a total of 67 tombs.

Historical records include Empress Taimu Dou, Princess Wan of Chu State, Princess Guantao, King Xiaogong of Hejian, King Shenfu of Xiangyi, King Dan of Qinghe, King Yuanjia of Han, King Yuanze of Peng, King Yuanqing of Dao, King Yuanyi of Zheng, King Yuanfeng of Guo, and Bang. Wang Yuanheng, Xu Wang Yuanli, Teng Wang Yuanying, Deng Wang Yuanyu, Lu Wang Yuankui, Huo Wang Yuangui, Jiang Wang Yuanmi, Jiang Wang Yuanxiang, Mi Wang Yuanxiao, Bingzhou Governor Zhang Lun, Rong Guo Gong Fan Xing, Pingyuan County Duke Zhang Kai, Tan Guo Gong Qiu He, Chao Guo Gong Qian Jiulong, the Minister of Punishment Liu Demao, and the Minister of Punishment Shen Shuan. More than 30 tombstones have been excavated or have, including those of Li Feng, Li Shentong, Li Xiaotong, Zang Huaike and Fan Xing. These burial tombs make the Xianling Tomb extremely spectacular. Xianling Mausoleum was declared by the country as one of the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 2000. Main attractions: The mausoleum was built according to the specifications of the Eastern Han Dynasty emperor's mausoleum. It is surrounded by cypress trees and sealed with earth. The mausoleum is in the shape of a bucket, 21 meters high, and the top of the tomb is 30 meters from east to west and 10 meters from north to south. The stone pillars and stone tigers seen at the southern end of the Shinto are still well preserved. The stone tablet in front of the tomb was erected later. According to the conservator who visited the tomb, the original stone tablet was damaged by a heavy hailstorm caused by rolling black clouds in the 1980s. In addition, damaged and abandoned stele bases and stone carvings were found around the mausoleum. Xianling Stone Carvings Xianling Stone Carvings are thick and simple, strong and bold, resolute and steady in shape, and majestic. The four-door stone tiger is huge and majestic, nearly 2 meters tall, with sharp eyes, strong limbs and a lifelike image. There are a pair of tall stone rhinoceros at both ends of the royal road. There is an 8-meter-high Chinese watch outside the south gate, with a crouching beast on top and a carved dragon on the bottom. The eight-sided column is covered with patterns, making it look solemn and solemn. The Xianling stone carvings have a strong artistic style of the early Tang Dynasty and are precious physical materials for studying the history of the Tang Dynasty. Transportation information: Take the bus bound for Sanyuan, Fuping and Yanliang at Xi'an Chengdong Passenger Terminal or Xianyang Long-distance Bus. In Sanyuan, Fuping, Yanliang and other counties, transfer to a minibus bound for Xumu Township or take a taxi.