Discussion on the construction strategy of tourism-oriented rural residential buildings in Nanhai Island, Liaoning Province?

1 Current situation of tourism resources in southern Liaoning Island

Southern Liaoning refers to the Liaodong Peninsula in the south of Liaoning Province, which lies between the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Changhai County is located in the northern part of the Yellow Sea on the east side of Dalian, which is called Changshan Islands in history. Changhai county has a mild climate, with an average annual temperature of about10 C.

In recent years, Changshan Islands' unique geographical, climatic and human resources have made its tourism develop rapidly. In order to create a better tourism atmosphere, Changhai County holds large-scale festivals such as Dalian Changhai International Fishing Festival, Fisherman's Style Tourism Culture Festival and Mazu Tourism Culture Festival every year to attract more tourists.

In the tourist season, the existing hotel reception facilities can not meet the growing demand for accommodation. With the continuous development of tourism, the functional connotation of traditional fishermen's life and farm houses has changed and expanded, forming the embryonic form of tourist farm houses-family hotels, that is, family hotels.

A family-style hotel that can provide accommodation for guests.

2 island rural residential form and its existing problems in the transition period

2. 1 island rural settlement characteristics

Yang Jiacun is located at the eastern end of Dachangshan Island and the seat of Changhai County Government. Surrounded by the sea on three sides, the village has beautiful scenery, simple folk customs, fresh air (no industry) and the reputation of "natural oxygen bar". Yang Jiacun Waterfall has been formed for a long time, showing two ways: linear and cluster. At the same time, because it is located in the cold area of Northeast China, most of the houses are located on the back of the mountain to resist the north wind in winter.

Yang Jiacun Fisherman's Hotel settlement was formed in the 1990s, showing a development trend of inward diffusion from the seaside (as shown in Figure 2). The obvious reason is that the coastal areas have beautiful scenery, broad vision and good ventilation in summer, and it is convenient to go fishing and other activities at the seaside.

In recent years, with the increase of tourists, several fisherman's hotels along the coast can no longer meet the accommodation needs of tourists, so the fishermen living behind them have gradually developed into fisherman's hotels, forming a certain scale of fisherman's hotel settlement.

2.2 Comparison of the Courtyard of Tourism Farmhouse and Traditional Farmhouse

Nanhai Island in Liaoning Province is cold in winter and the incident angle of the sun is low. In order to get more sunshine, the traditional residential courtyards here are often very spacious, the layout of houses is loose, and the distance between the main room and the wing is wide. The footstool and volume of the house are also from low to high, highlighting the height, width and brightness of the main house, forming a three-in-one courtyard or a two-in-one courtyard. It is these characteristics that provide convenience for fishermen to develop fisherman's hotels, that is, to add guest rooms in the courtyard (Figure 3~5). During the tourist season, the host will set up scaffolding in the yard to avoid sun and rain, and tourists can eat in the yard; After the tourist season, it is autumn and winter, and the weather turns cold. The owner removed the scaffolding and let the sun shine into the house.

The development of tourism has brought economic benefits to fishermen, and also affected their life behavior to a certain extent, and the yard order has become chaotic; The change of pavement makes fishermen's life more sanitary and convenient, but they can't grow vegetables to supplement their lives; When the courtyard wall is built high, it is safer and more private, but you can't talk to the neighbor's partition wall, and so on (table 1).

2.3 Analysis of the current situation and problems of rural housing in the transitional period

Fisherman's hotel is attractive and vital because of the material state of residence, the charm of family atmosphere and the charm of folk customs. The traditional rural housing only needs to meet the needs of farmers' own life and production, and the housing construction should fully consider the needs of tourism management after the development of tourism. In the process of the transformation from traditional houses to tourist rural houses, there are some reasonable and adaptive aspects and some problems, which are embodied in the following aspects.

2.3. 1 architectural form analysis

The Wangjia Fisherman Hotel shown in Figure 3 is converted from a traditional farmhouse, in which the main house is still a traditional farmhouse and the owner lives by himself. The additional wing is used as a guest room for tourists to live in during the tourist season. Wang Fisherman Hotel is the earliest and most mature hotel, which was formed after many times of construction and adjustment. There are some reasonable and adaptive aspects, but there are also some problems, which have caused great waste. As a typical example, it is necessary to analyze it and provide corresponding guidance.

I. Courtyard Composition and Architectural Form

Due to spontaneous and phased construction, lack of technical guidance, insufficient spatial level and lack of organization, the connection between the main room and the wing is relatively stiff; The architectural form is not harmonious enough. Most of the main houses occupied by the owners are traditional sloping roof farmhouses, which keep the characteristics of the original building materials, such as stone and clay bricks, and some farmers have simply decorated them. However, under the guidance of the government, the rooms such as the additional wing were painted with light yellow paint, which was somewhat out of place with the main room, and the appearance was too monotonous and stylized, and the original fishing village characteristics gradually disappeared.

B, the composition of the functional space

Master's residence: The main room of Wangyujia Hotel, like the traditional farmhouse, is a tile-roofed house with three bays and sloping roofs. The two huts in the north were originally storage rooms, which also have the function of heat preservation in winter, but in order to increase income, beds were arranged and changed into guest rooms. In the tourist season, the host and guests live under the same roof, and their privacy is affected to some extent. Guest rooms: As guest rooms, most of the wing rooms were added later. In order to save costs, the building forms are mostly flat roofs, and the structural structure is relatively simple, and the room area just meets the basic needs. According to the conditions of the resident base, some can open windows for lighting and ventilation to form convection, such as single-family houses; Some can only install Liangzi's glass door facing the inner court, and the Liangzi on the door will light up, resulting in poor ventilation, such as the middle households in townhouses.

Auxiliary part of life: most of the toilets in traditional farmhouses are simple dry toilets built in the courtyard. After operating Fisherman Hotel, with the support of the government, the guest rooms were transformed into toilets with pressure flushing and municipal drainage, which made it much more convenient for owners and tourists to use toilets. But because they are all built by themselves, many households have many problems in their toilets. For example, one of them has the inconvenience of opening the men's room door outside the hospital (Figure 6).

2.3.2 adaptability and energy saving issues

There are great deficiencies in adaptability and energy saving of tourism-oriented rural houses in Nanhai Island, Liaoning Province. First, the seasonal adaptability is poor. Almost all rooms are idle in the off-season, resulting in a certain waste; Second, the climate adaptability is poor. Some households' main rooms are blocked by guest rooms, and the lighting is insufficient; Courtyard plus guest room will affect ventilation and cooling in summer; In addition, indoor heating depends on kang in winter, the indoor temperature is relatively low, the thermal comfort is poor, and natural energy such as solar energy and wind energy is hardly used.

The reasons for these problems are, first of all, the problems of understanding and concept. Farmers don't know much about energy-saving design and lack relevant knowledge and guidance. Secondly, it is difficult for farmers to invest in energy-saving materials because of economic constraints; In addition, there are few or no operational details of the energy-saving design method that conforms to the actual situation of farmers; Moreover, China has issued many energy-saving regulations and building standards in cities, but there is no corresponding policy in rural areas.

3. Construction strategy and model derivation of adaptive family hotels

According to the analysis of the present situation of fishing villages in Nanhai Island, Liaoning Province, there are roughly two types of tourist farmhouses: one is the traditional transformation type, which should focus on providing professional guidance on overall coordination and energy saving, including the layout of specific space; Second, the new overall design should be based on the prototype of fishermen's life and production behavior and its transformation form, including the integrated design of architecture and energy saving.

In terms of specific strategies, based on the principle of sustainable development, we should pay attention to the adaptability of family hotels, that is, adaptability to life/production mode, adaptability to environment and climate, and adaptability to seasons. At the same time, we should give consideration to tradition, livability and management.

3. 1 Form construction strategy and mode

3. 1. 1 adaptive plane layout

Tourism-oriented rural housing should be combined with the user's life/production mode. At present, the functional structure of Fisherman Hotel is divided into four parts: the master's living rest part (main room), the guest's living part (wing room), the guest's kitchen and the bathroom shared by the host and guest, all of which are connected by the courtyard.

Although the fishermen who run Fisherman's Hotel have different economic conditions and family composition, the traditional work and rest life and the seasonality of operation are the same characteristics. Therefore, the scale and standard of Xing Tao should not be too large, and the division of internal space should be adaptive.

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