20 19 basic knowledge of tour guides chapter 1 knowledge points: the composition and development of tourism.

(A) the concept, nature and characteristics of tourism

Tourism is an industry that relies on tourism resources and facilities to attract or receive tourists and provide them with services such as transportation, sightseeing, accommodation, catering, shopping and entertainment.

Tourism is called tourism industry internationally, that is, tourism is essentially an economic industry and an integral part of the national economy of a country or region.

Compared with other industries, the main characteristics of tourism are: first, comprehensive industries; Second, labor-intensive service industry; Thirdly, it is a fragile industry and its development will be affected by many factors.

(B) the composition of tourism

There are several theories about the composition of tourism. First, from the perspective of providing products and services to tourists by various industries in the national economy, people think that tourism is mainly composed of three parts, namely, travel agency industry, transportation and passenger transport industry and accommodation industry represented by hotels. They are the three pillars of tourism. Secondly, from the perspective of the development of tourism in a country or region, especially from the perspective of tourism destination marketing, tourism is mainly composed of five parts, that is, in addition to the above three pillars, it also includes tourism place management departments and tourism management institutions at all levels represented by scenic spots.

Second, the development of tourism in China.

1949 since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), China's tourism industry has experienced two development periods, one is the slow development period with political reception as the main factor before the reform and opening up, and the other is the all-round rapid development period after the reform and opening up.

(1) The slow development period from 1949 to 1978

During this period, due to the blockade of imperialist countries in the world, China's foreign exchanges were greatly restricted, while the domestic economy was relatively backward and the people's living standards were very low, which did not meet the conditions for developing tourism. Therefore, the Overseas Chinese Travel Agency Head Office (co-located with the newly established China Travel Agency 1974) and the China International Travel Agency established by 1954 are all public institutions, whose work is to receive overseas Chinese, Hong Kong and Macao. According to statistics, from 1956 to 1965, * * received 200,000 overseas Chinese from more than 80 countries and regions, while from 1955 to 1964, China International Travel Service received self-funded tourists 1000 to 3,000.

(2) The period of comprehensive and rapid development from 65438 to 0978.

This period is divided into two stages, one is the uncoordinated development stage of tourism demand and tourism supply, and the other is the all-round development stage of tourism.

(1) The uncoordinated development stages of tourism demand and supply range from 1978 to 1995. At this stage, due to the implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world, the demand for overseas tourism in China has increased rapidly, but there is a serious shortage of tourism supply in China, mainly in the following aspects: First, in the 1980 s, there was a lack of accommodation facilities for tourists, so that even state guesthouses everywhere were open to inbound tourists, which was in short supply; Second, the transportation capacity was insufficient in the early 1990s. First of all, the number of civil aviation aircraft and airports has increased less. 199 1, the number of airplanes is only 1.79 times higher than that of 1978, and the number of airports is only 1.27 times higher than that of 1978, while the number of inbound tourists increased by 585 times in the same period, resulting in Secondly, beyond the service life, the coach is seriously "overdue service". Finally, there are the problems of single tourism products, few tourist entertainment items and few shopping varieties.

(2) The all-round development stage from 65438 to 0996. After 1996, especially since the new century, China's tourism industry has not only developed on the basis of the six basic elements of tourism supply (travel, accommodation, food, shopping and entertainment), but also expanded the new six elements, namely "business, education, leisure, affection and strangeness", realizing the coordinated development with tourism demand and realizing inbound tourism. The construction of tourism regulations and standards system is advancing, the quality of tourism management and service is constantly improving, the integration of tourism and related industries is deepening, tourism+Internet is in the ascendant, and the functions of enriching the people and benefiting the people, improving people's quality of life, driving other industries, contributing to the national economy and enhancing the country's soft power are constantly improving ... At present, China's tourism industry has entered the ranks of world tourism powers. The number of inbound tourists has been in the forefront of the world, the number of domestic tourists has been ranked first in the world, and the number of outbound tourists has been ranked first in the world, making it a major international tourism consumer in the world.