How to treat folk culture in tourism development?

how to treat folk culture in tourism development?

in recent years, with the prosperity of ethnic cultural tourism, the contradiction between ethnic cultural protection and tourism development has become increasingly prominent. Unreasonable tourism development will bring many negative effects and negative effects to the national culture of the tourist destination, such as the superficiality, vulgarization and commercialization of the national culture. Emphasis on development in protection leads to neither good development nor protection, while emphasis on protection in development leads to only development without protection. In the process of national culture protection and tourism development, how to deal with the relationship between protection and development and how to combine with tourism is a problem that needs serious consideration and careful treatment. It is necessary to consider both the inheritance and development of national culture and the economic development of tourism. Therefore, in order to further explore the problem of Guizhou's national culture protection and tourism development, and effectively solve the contradiction between Guizhou's national culture protection and tourism development, Guizhou Shiju National Research Center and Guizhou National Research Society jointly held a seminar on national culture protection and tourism development in Huaxi, Guiyang on September 25, 25.

The participants in this meeting include leaders of Guizhou University for Nationalities, Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Provincial Federation of Social Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Tourism Bureau, Guizhou Provincial Ethnic and Religious Affairs Committee, Guizhou Provincial Department of Culture, Qiandongnan Tourism Bureau, experts from Guizhou Indigenous Ethnic Studies Center and Guizhou Ethnic Studies Society, and more than 8 representatives from Guizhou Single Ethnic Studies Society. Relevant leaders, experts and scholars attending the meeting spoke freely, held a heated discussion closely on the theme of national cultural protection and tourism development, and made speeches and comments by experts to enliven the atmosphere of the seminar and offer suggestions and suggestions for national cultural protection and tourism development from various angles. The main contents of this seminar are summarized as follows:

1. Problems

At the seminar, experts and scholars believe that there are the following problems in the protection and tourism development of Guizhou's ethnic culture:

(1) There are some misunderstandings in the development of Guizhou's ethnic culture tourism

l, the general background of Guizhou's ethnic culture is unclear, and many experts engaged in the development of Guizhou's ethnic culture tourism have their own sets, but they are all. 2. Among the national cultural tourism resources in Guizhou Province, most people don't understand what can be developed, what can't be developed, what can be developed only by paying attention to ways and means, and what should be strictly prohibited. 3. The so-called market operation of ethnic cultural tourism development in Guizhou Province. This is the wisdom of businessmen. In this kind of wisdom, no matter what nationality, culture or protection, as long as the government gives him a concession, he can trade whenever possible. 4. For the sake of tourism development, the national culture of Guizhou Province is so-called packaged. Taking names for national cultural events and making so-called commodity explanations at random call this kind of packaging so-called "creativity". 5. The phenomenon of pseudo-folklore is serious. There are several manifestations: first, it is the grassroots intellectuals who create pseudo-folk customs from the root. Second, in order to cater to the tastes of tourists, it is a pseudo-folk custom that is "fabricated" on the basis of the original folk custom. The third is that the so-called developers take it for granted to make it up in order to reduce costs. Fourth, in order to cater to some tourists' curiosity and low taste, they deliberately exaggerate some parts of folk culture, such as sex, violence, blood, strange marriage and different customs. 6. Predatory development. A place was "hot". When the tourist team came, they ate, drank, lived, watched and played, and finally left. When a tourism process is completed, the villagers invest their own national culture as the capital of this "business" and "partner" with the tourism organization to do this "business". National culture can be said to be the basic capital of this "business", but the villagers can't get 1% of the profits, which can be said to be a plunder of national culture. 7. Poverty alleviation development. Sometimes, the development of ethnic cultural tourism in Guizhou Province is carried out under the banner of "helping the poor". Seeing that there is no hope in a certain place, we should develop ethnic cultural tourism. Under this guiding ideology, the basis of investment in ethnic cultural tourism development is sympathy, not rational understanding under normal circumstances. As a result, "having fun by yourself" was finished for a while, which not only wasted money, but also affected the image of tourism development. 8. Interventional development. In the development of ethnic cultural tourism in Guizhou province, it interferes too much with the normal development of local ethnic culture and the right of survival and development of people in tourist areas. 9. The relationship between development and protection is unreasonable. In the face of a national cultural event, we can't figure out its cultural nature, and we can't figure out what it can and can't develop. Naturally, the normal relationship between development and protection will be unreasonable.

(II) Limitations of the original ecological culture protection mode

L. Limitations of the intellectual property protection mode: There is no provision for protecting the original ecological culture in current laws and regulations, and there is no ready-made legal protection system. 2. Limitations of the protection mode of material and cultural heritage declaration: the protection scope is wide, with 17 aspects. According to the requirements of UNESCO, it has become enclosure protection, which is not conducive to communication with the outside world. 3. Limitations of the protection mode of ecological folk culture area: the phenomenon of urbanization is serious and the national cultural characteristics are not prominent. 4. Limitations of the protection mode of ecological museum: solidification, freeze-frame and development conflict. 5. Limitations of the protection mode of folk custom law: it only restricts people in the community, but does not restrict people outside the community. 6. Limitations of tourism development and protection mode: Developers and managers lack knowledge of ethnic cultural tourism resources, and the relevant government departments often take it for granted.

(3) the negative impact of ethnic tourism development on ethnic communities

L. The quaint and simple folk customs are commercialized. 2. Changes in social values. 3. The degeneration of social morality. 4. Lost some traditional skills and the meaning contained in the design patterns of handicrafts.

second, countermeasures and suggestions

China is a multi-ethnic country, and the research on the development of ethnic cultural tourism is of more important significance. Under the influence of sustainable development, cultural diversity protection and eco-tourism, the development and academic research of ethnic cultural tourism products will face many opportunities and challenges. How to make the development of tourism consistent with the protection and development of traditional culture in local communities? How to promote the development of tourism and the social development of local ethnic communities? How to promote the sustainable development of tourism in ethnic communities by protecting their traditional culture and natural environment resources? This is a problem that must be seriously considered in tourism development in ethnic areas. Therefore, combined with the reality of Guizhou, the experts and scholars attending the meeting put forward the following suggestions:

(1) A good understanding of the relationship between national traditional culture and tourism development

must be based on the full understanding of cultural connotation and cultural characteristics, and on this basis, according to the characteristics of culture such as reduction, inheritance and variability, We should clearly understand the two basic ways of cultural protection: first, for those cultural factors that can't adapt to the development of the times, that is, they are likely to be reduced in the process of modernization, we should implement static protection methods, and also excavate, collect and sort out these cultural factors, and then protect them in the form of words, cultural relics, pictures, sites, audio and video tapes; Second, those cultural factors that can adapt to the development of the times should be dynamically protected, that is, they should be integrated, and under the guidance of experts and relevant government departments, one of the modern main values-market should be used to generate a culture that is based on tradition and has developed and innovated. Scientific and reasonable development of national cultural tourism is the dynamic protection of national culture. These two approaches must be carried out at the same time, otherwise the protection of culture will be incomplete and incomplete, and it will be difficult for people in the future to fully understand a culture from a three-dimensional perspective, let alone appreciate the historical charm of cultural diversity.

(2) realize the sustainable development of tourism, and at the same time protect and inherit the national original ecological culture

1. Take active protection measures for those fragile original ecological cultures. It is necessary to fully implement the Regulations on the Protection of Ethnic and Folk Cultures in Guizhou Province, and implement every link of tourism development, and implement the principle of giving priority to protection and rational development.

2. In tourism development, we should explore more contents that penetrate the traditional culture of our nation, try our best to keep urban costumes and modern songs and dances away from various ethnic customs tourist attractions, and return the traditional ethnic customs tourism to these attractions. 3. Strengthen the education of national traditional virtues, so that those tourists from afar can truly feel the simplicity, kindness, enthusiasm and friendliness of people of all ethnic groups.

(3) Correctly handle the relationship between the subject and the object of the development of ethnic cultural tourism

Different from the general development projects, the development of ethnic cultural tourism involves many aspects, such as the government, investors, ethnic cultural subjects and scientific research departments. Therefore, it is necessary to put the primary and secondary relations right. The role of the government should mainly lie in the macro-control of tourist attractions, in giving financial project support, policy guidance, media publicity and using its functions to effectively coordinate the relations between various aspects. Investors pay development funds and manage the development and utilization of scenic spots; The main body of national culture is the key factor of development, so we should actively and consciously cooperate with the government, scientific research departments and investors to explore and develop the qualitative factors of local national culture; Scientific research departments should make full use of the advantages of their own cultural research, demonstrate and give scientific orientation to the development objects, continue to observe and guide in the process of development and operation, make timely corrections in theory and guide the development and operation activities.

(4) Correctly understand the relationship between national traditional culture and modernization

Facing the strong impact of modern civilization, the modernization of national traditional culture has attracted people's attention. Modernization is a process of transformation from traditional society to modern society, so there is no question of "modernization", and modernization is an inevitable form of traditional culture; Because the living environment of national traditional culture is changing, the national culture produced in a specific living environment will inevitably mutate. It is neither possible nor desirable to protect it "authentically", and only its charm can be preserved. Although there has been a phenomenon that where the tourism industry is developed, the traditional features will change dramatically, which will greatly disappoint tourists, it should also be recognized that the local residents tend to modernize their lifestyles and converge on modern culture, which is the general trend of social development and cannot be changed artificially. We can't ask all community residents to keep their traditional features just because of the development of ethnic cultural tourism, and hope that their lifestyle will always be old-fashioned. However, through the reasonable and scientific development of tourism, we can not only maintain the national cultural characteristics, but also meet the needs of modern tourism; Cultural modernization must be based on national culture, carry forward the essence of national traditional culture, eliminate its dross, and absorb the excellent elements of foreign culture on the basis of inheriting national traditional culture.

what do participants think is the impact of tourism development on national culture? How to reduce the erosion of national culture by tourists' entry, the evolution process of residents' attitude towards tourism development, demonstration effect and fear of ethnic communities, and other issues of tourism anthropology need to be seriously and moderately advanced. Therefore, as researchers engaged in ethnic studies, it is necessary to establish a specific concept system to standardize academic research involving the development and management of ethnic cultural tourism, so that independent research can be exchanged in a wider range of fields and play a greater application benefit, and at the same time increase academic accumulation in ethnology, tourism, resources science and other disciplines.