What are the main aspects of mountain landscape?

1. What are the main aspects of mountain landscape?

Open classification of mountains: defined by geographical, scientific, literary and historical mountains, it refers to the area where the crust rises and is cut by rivers. Generally, it refers to a highland with high height and steep slope. From top to bottom, it is divided into three parts: the top of the mountain, the hillside and the foothills.

According to the height, it can be divided into high mountains, middle mountains and low mountains. Generally speaking, a high mountain means that the relative height of the main peak of the mountain exceeds1000 m. Zhongshan means that the relative height of its main peak is between 350m and 1000m, and low mountain means that the relative height of its main peak is between 150m and 350 m. If the relative height of the main peak is lower than 150m, it is difficult to form a mountain landscape, which can only be called hilly land. According to the genesis, it can be divided into structural mountains, erosion mountains and accumulation mountains.

Mountain refers to several adjacent mountains extending in a certain direction, with related causes and regular distribution. Mountain range refers to the floorboard of several adjacent mountains regularly distributed along a certain direction. Because it looks like blood, it is named mountain.

Mountain boundary refers to the intersection of many mountains, such as the mountain boundary, which is located in Pamirs of China and is formed by the intersection of Kunlun Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Karakorum Mountain and Hindu Kush Mountain. Seen from space, this mountain is like a ribbon, with a buckle called a knot. Mountain plain is a vast highland with complex structure and high altitude, which is usually a synthesis of heart pulse, heart system, plateau and basin. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China is the largest mountain plain in the world.

Shanzui is a V-shaped valley in the mountainous area, which protrudes from the river and is connected with the mountains. It's called Yamaguchi. Mountain passes are divided into staggered mountain passes, winding mountain passes and peaceful mountain passes. Mountain peaks, usually pointed peaks with a certain height, are mostly composed of rocks. There are also faults, folds or shovel structures, vertical joints and some volcanic cones.

Shankou, also known as pass, refers to the saddle-shaped pass of a tall mountain peak or ridge, which is often formed by erosion.

Valley refers to a large strip depression in the mountains, which is mainly formed by tectonic action, flowing water or glacier erosion, and is often used as a road to cross mountains. According to the structure, it can be divided into fault valley, syncline valley and anticlinal valley.

2. The main types of mountain landscape are

First, the concept: all kinds of natural and cultural objects or other factors that can attract tourists to have tourism motivation and may be used to carry out tourism activities can be called tourism resources.

Two. Classification:

1. Reason. It refers to the basic reason and process of the formation of tourism resources. For example, humanistic tourism resources are formed by human factors; Natural tourism resources exist in nature and are formed by natural reasons.

2. attributes. Attribute refers to the characteristics of an object, including state, action, relationship, etc. The attribute of tourism resources refers to the nature, characteristics, existing form and state of tourism resources. Such as historical sites, ancient buildings, tombs, gardens, religious culture, towns, social customs, literature and art, etc. In humanistic tourism resources, due to their different attributes, they can be divided into different categories.

3. Function. The function of tourism resources refers to the function and utility that tourism resources can meet the needs of tourism activities, such as sightseeing function, leisure function and holiday function. Some tourism resources can meet the needs of various tourism activities, so they have various tourism functions. According to the different functions of tourism resources, tourism resources can be divided into different categories such as sightseeing, health care, shopping and participation.

4. Time. Tourism resources can be divided into different categories according to the time of their formation. For example, architectural tourism resources can be divided into ancient architecture and modern architecture according to the different time of their formation.

5. others. According to the different purposes and requirements of classif

6. Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources A was issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine in 2003. According to the different nature of tourism resources, it can be divided into 8 categories. They are the main categories of landscapes, waterscapes, biological landscapes, astronomical and climatic landscapes, sites, buildings and facilities, tourist commodities and human activities. B2. According to the nature, form, functional characteristics and cultural connotation of tourism resources, it is further divided into 3 1 subcategory and 155 subcategory. For example, landscape can be divided into five sub-categories: comprehensive natural tourist destination, sedimentation and structure, geological and geomorphic process, natural change relics and islands and reefs. The subtypes of geological and geomorphic processes can be divided into 14 basic types, such as convex peak, single mountain, peak cluster, stone (soil) forest, strange stone and pictographic stone, rock wall and fissure, canyon section, gully, Danxia, Ya Dan and rockfill cave.

Three. trait

1. comprehensive

The comprehensiveness of tourism resources is first manifested in the fact that tourism resources are a complex of different elements. For example, the mountain landscape consists of towering mountains, woodlands and clouds. The landform consists of valleys, rivers and woodlands. Some meteorological and astronomical landscapes are the result of many factors, such as rainbows, sunsets and S-rays of Buddha statues. These are the results of the interaction between sunlight and a certain quality of atmosphere. Because these landscape forming factors are relatively uncertain, we should pay attention to the satisfaction degree of different factors when developing and utilizing them. Humanistic tourism resources also have comprehensive characteristics. For example, as a tourist resource, ancient villages are formed by the interaction of various material or intangible factors. To sum up, it can be called ecological, physical, cultural and modal elements. Ecological factors refer to the factors that affect the relationship between villages and the environment, such as geomantic omen, topography and hydrological conditions. Physical elements refer to buildings and structural systems in villages, such as archways, houses and ancestral halls. Cultural elements refer to the cultural, artistic and ideological contents of ancient villages, such as plaques, paintings and sculptures. Modal elements refer to all aspects of village social life. The above four aspects are indispensable in the formation of the overall landscape of ancient villages, and the destruction of one of them may lead to the destruction of the overall landscape.

The comprehensiveness of tourism resources is also reflected in the development of tourism resources. Because the attraction of a single resource to tourists is limited, in practice, different types of tourism resources are often combined and developed to form complementary advantages. For example, although the West Lake Scenic Area is dominated by lakes, it also includes a series of resource types such as hills, woodlands, ancient buildings and ancient bridges. Although these resource types are different, the development should obey the same theme, and the resource types should be coordinated and unified.

It is required that the development and protection of comprehensive tourism resources should have a holistic vision and look at the problem with a contact method. In the process of development, we can carry out destructive development and construction, instead of seeing the forest for the trees. We should not solve the problem piecemeal, but find the solution through contact.

2. Regionality

Regionality means that the distribution of tourism resources has a certain geographical scope, with regional differences and local colors. The regionality of tourism resources is caused by the following aspects: First, due to the influence of regional differentiation factors (latitude, landform, land and sea location, etc.). ).), the regional differentiation of natural environmental factors such as climate, landform, hydrology, animals and plants leads to the regionality of natural tourism resources. For example, the equatorial rainforest landscape, the desert landscape of temperate continent and the ice landscape of Antarctica appear in different surface areas. Secondly, due to the close relationship between human landscape and natural environment, this relationship even showed strong dependence in agricultural society and its previous historical period, and the regionality of natural landscape also led to the regionality of human landscape. For example, different nationalities have different styles of cultural activities, customs and habits, and houses in villages and towns.

It is the fundamental factor of regional tourism flow. Different places have different natural and cultural environments, and tourists are born with novel and novel psychological needs, which makes tourists cross the space restrictions to visit other places under certain conditions. To develop modern tourism, it is required to fully tap characteristic resources and develop unique tourism products, because in today's increasingly fierce competition in the tourism market, characteristics are the magic weapon for tourism products to have a market. It can be seen that correctly understanding and evaluating regional tourism resources and highlighting their own characteristics are important contents of resource development.

The regionality of tourism resources is also challenged, especially the regionality of human landscape is weakening. With the development of science and technology, the standardization of large-scale industrial production has been paid attention to, while local knowledge, local skills and local value have been ignored. From a global perspective, with the rise of economic globalization and integration, cultural landscape is experiencing the process of landscape convergence and feature disappearance. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the existing characteristic landscape resources rich in humanistic historical information and local information.

3. The immovability of tourism resources

Other resources can be mined, can be mined by themselves, can also be mined with their own products, and can be exported to other places for use. Tourism resources are generally fixed and immovable in the region, thus forming a regional monopoly of tourism resources. The immovability of tourism resources can be understood from the following aspects: First, natural tourism resources are masterpieces of nature, which are all formed in a certain natural geographical environment. Because of their large scale or close connection with geographical environment, it is difficult for them to move in space. For example, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Hukou Waterfall, Guilin landscape and other resources are all produced in a specific geographical environment and cannot be moved or copied by human forces in different places; Secondly, humanistic tourism resources are the product of human society under specific geographical environment and specific historical conditions, and its value is mainly reflected in the richness of human society and historical information. Because such resources are closely related to their environment, artificially cutting off their environmental links will inevitably affect the integrity, originality and authenticity of the information carried by tourism resources and reduce the value of resources. For example, the Great Wall of Wan Li in the towering mountains of China, the Colosseum in ancient Rome and the pyramids in the vast Egyptian desert are closely related to their natural and human environment. Third, under the modern economic and technological conditions, we can imitate famous tourism resources in other places, such as miniature landscapes and garden buildings. However, because it is divorced from history and environment, imitation often loses its original charm and significance, and its vitality is very limited.

3. What are the main aspects of the beauty of mountain landscape?

Hello, tourists and friends, we have come to the famous scenic spot-XX.

Speaking of which, I have to introduce its scenery first. Looking up from here, the nearest is a row of green, so why is there a layer of yellow in the middle? That's because the trees planted in the middle have changed again. These different trees. The continuous land here forms the different scenery of our mountain. In the same season, there are green and yellow patches.

Besides her unique scenery, there are of course historical reasons. Many writers and scholars came here to write historical masterpieces, and later we could see some poets' poems when we went up.

4. The main features of mountain scenery and landscape

Features: beauty, victory, strangeness and illusion. Huangshan is the hometown of clouds, with peaks as the body and clouds as the clothes. Its magnificent sea of clouds is famous for its beauty, victory, strangeness and illusion, which can be seen all year round, especially in winter.

It is one of the important landscapes of mountain scenery. The so-called sea of clouds refers to clouds formed under certain weather conditions, and the height of the cloud top is lower than that of the top of the mountain. When people bow down to the clouds at the top of the mountain, they see endless clouds, such as the seaside, which are rough and splashing and hitting the shore. Therefore, this phenomenon is called the sea of clouds. Only 5 1 day can be seen in Huangshan Mountain in 365 days a year.

It is the first wonder of the sea of clouds in Huangshan Mountain and has been called the sea of clouds since ancient times. Among the four wonders of Huangshan Mountain, the first one is the sea of clouds, which shows that the sea of clouds is a magical beautician, turning this fairyland on earth. Who is not surprised that the mountain is named after the sea? Wonderful, like the sea instead of the sea, the mountains and rivers are illusory and the images are myriad. This is definitely the imaginary Qian Qian!

5. Mountain landscape characteristics

Lushan National Park is a horst-type fault-block mountain with complex geological structure. Its geological formation is about 80,000 years, which is the birthplace of China's Quaternary Glacier Theory. In the Quaternary, Lushan Mountain rose strongly, and the surrounding area sank relatively, forming a variety of landform types. The structure in the north is valley landform, and there are peaks in the south and northwest. There are wide valleys and canyons in the mountains, and terraces and terraces are developed around them, which is worthy of being called a geological park. Many strange peaks, rocks, waterfalls and caves form a strange and magnificent mountain scene.

6. Tourism value of mountain landscape

A: Hushan, located in the west of Baoding, the northernmost part of Quyang County, is named after a huge stone on the top of the mountain, which looks like a tiger ready to go. Gubei Mountain, the main peak, is connected with the famous Hengshan Mountain. The elevation of three beams exceeds 1 100 meters. Bordering with Tangxian and Fuping, it forms three counties with one foot and a scenic area of more than 20 square kilometers. Tiger Mountain has been deeply hidden in Taihang Mountain, with undulating peaks and valleys. It has been inaccessible for many years, and its natural ecology has remained original. Zhongshan has a humid climate, unusually fresh air, transpiration of fog, and fog like rain, just like gauze, which is praised as a natural oxygen bar by tourists. Wild animals such as antelopes, squirrels and various birds haunt the mountains from time to time. The top ten scenic spots in Hushan are: Bird Watching Creek, Qiushui Temple, Jinshui Spring, Miners' Living Area, Sanlian Waterfall, Shenxian Waterfall, Wishing Tree, Aerial Meadow, Sanjianliang and Taojin Cave.

7. Aesthetic characteristics of mountain landscape

Combined with the characteristics of ecological beauty, according to the essence and law of ecological beauty, the aesthetic realm of ecological beauty is analyzed. The realm of ecotourism can be divided into three levels: pleasing to the eye and relaxing.

Facing the ecological beauty of beautiful mountains, lush vegetation, towering mountains, vast grasslands, singing birds and insects, and folk songs, tourists will first get an aesthetic experience based on eyes and ears, enter a pleasant realm of image beauty in the blend of physical comfort and emotional pleasure, and thus obtain a primary aesthetic realm.

On the basis of experiencing the beauty of eyes and ears, we can further understand the style and implication of aesthetic objects, gain aesthetic enjoyment and emotional sublimation, achieve the pleasant state of seeking truth from beauty, and gain the meaning of pleasing the soul. On the basis of understanding the mechanism of ecological laws, we have a deeper understanding of the relationship between all things in nature.

The aesthetic level of spiritual pleasure is that in the process of experiencing, appreciating, participating and perceiving natural ecological beauty and humanistic ecological beauty, eco-tourists stimulate the excitement and pleasure of spiritual will through the psychological interaction of perception, imagination, emotional sublimation and sentiment, resulting in the ecological value of ethics.

It embodies the great enlightenment, takes beauty as the guide, transcends itself, and constructs an ecological ethics of respecting life, nature and caring for nature. This realm helps to enhance the awareness of ecological protection.

The aesthetic behavior of eco-tourists is a comprehensive practical activity, which is of great practical significance for understanding nature, enlightening thinking, purifying the soul, subliming personality and protecting the environment.

8. What are the main aspects of mountain landscape?

Baishishan is located in Laiyuan County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, more than 200 kilometers away from Beijing. Baishan Scenic Area, also known as Baishishan World Geopark, is named after its numerous white marble, which embodies the majestic, peculiar and steep mountain landscape. This mountain is very high, with three peaks, six groups of nine valleys and eighty-one peaks. The main ridge line is more than 7000 meters long, and

9. What are the appreciation dimensions of mountain landscape?

Mount Tai is characterized by faults, and the structure is fault block inclination. There are both Precambrian structures and Mesozoic-Cenozoic structures. Mount Tai has a thick mountain, supplemented by pine trees, boulders and surrounding smoke clouds, forming a magnificent scene intertwined with solemnity and magic. Ganoderma lucidum, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Chestnut, walnut and other local specialties are famous all over the country. More than 20 ancient buildings and more than 2,200 stone tablets distributed on the mountain make Artest a rare tourist attraction integrating history, culture and nature in the world.

Mount Tai Scenic Area is famous for its four scenic spots: Mount Tai sunrise, Haiyun Pan Yu, sunset and Yellow River Golden Belt. Now it is divided into six parts: quiet area, open area, Olympic area, wonderful area, exhibition area and beautiful area. Visitors can climb the mountain by three ropeways centered on Daiding, or pack their bags, get close to nature and hike. Mount Tai is the only famous mountain sealed by the emperor. Besides, Buddhism and Taoism have a long tradition in China, and they are flourishing there. Mount Tai attracts many domestic and foreign tourists with its unique scenery and cultural connotation, which can be described as climbing Mount Tai and making the world smaller.

Mount Tai is a dual heritage of world culture and nature, a world geological park, a national key cultural relics protection unit, a national key scenic spot and a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction. Mount Tai is located in Anshi City, Shandong Province, in the middle of Mount Tai. Its main peak, Yuhuangding, is 1545 meters above sea level. Magnificent, known as the first of the five mountains and the first mountain in the world. In the traditional culture of the Han nationality, Mount Tai has always had the supreme five mountains. Since Qin Shihuang sealed Mount Tai, emperors of all dynasties have sacrificed Zen Buddhism on Mount Tai and built temples and lettering on Mount Tai.

10. The reasons for the formation of mountain landscape

definition

There is no universally accepted definition of mountain. Height, volume, slope and the interval and continuity of other mountains are all used to define mountains.

In China's dictionary, a mountain is defined as a raised ground part composed of mud and rocks.

Whether a mountain is called a mountain depends on the local people. The highest point in San Francisco, California is called Mount Davidson, although it is only 300 meters. The height of Mount Scott near Lawton, Oklahoma is 25 1 m from the periphery to the top.

The only mountain in Shouguang lies between Sunjiaji and Majiazhuang, 8 kilometers southwest of the county seat. Because it hasn't risen for a long time, it's called Jingshan. The longest point from east to west is 1.24m, and the widest point from north to south is 0.7m: the north is high and the south is low, the highest point is 0.6m from the ground, and the lowest point is only 0.1m..

The definition of mountains by the United Nations Environment Programme includes:

The highest point is at least 2500 meters higher than the bottom.

The highest point is1500m-2,500m higher than the bottom, and the slope is more than 2 degrees.

The highest point is higher than the bottom 1000m- 1500m, and the slope is more than 5 degrees.

The local area (with a radius of 7km) is above 300m, 300-1000 m.

According to this definition, mountains cover 33% of Eurasia, 65,438+09% of South America, 24% of South America and 65,438+04% of Africa [7]. Generally speaking, 24% of the earth in the United States is mountainous, and 10% of people live in mountainous areas. Most rivers in the world come from the mountains, and half of the people are water in the mountains.

The 50 highest mountains on earth are all in Asia.

Planetary geology involves the mountainous areas of planets. In this discipline, mountains are usually called montes (singular mons). The highest mountain in the solar system is Mount Olympus on Mars, with an altitude of 2 1, 229 meters.

form

The formation of mountains is caused by volcanism or continental drift (plate collision), which leads to fold, fracture, uplift, sedimentation, erosion and other geographical factors. For example, the Himalayas, that is, the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate collided with each other, resulting in plate compression; The Appalachian Mountains on the east coast of North America belong to the ancient continental terrain, which has been eroded to form its present appearance.

climate

See: Mountain climate.

Due to the interaction of convection and radiation, the climate in mountainous areas becomes colder at high altitude. The temperature drops by about 0.6 degrees per 100 meters, and the altitude rises by about 0.5 degrees per 100 meters.

Mountains with a great height difference from the top of the mountain often have diverse ecological environments. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there will be different ecological landscapes or biospheres due to different altitudes. Its formation is mainly due to the fact that animals and plants in a certain height range can't survive above or below the area (due to climate inadaptability), resulting in biota only appearing on mountains at a certain height. Generally speaking, this is the result of microclimate.

The colder climate on the mountain will affect the animals and plants living on the mountain, and specific animals and plants generally tend to grow in a specific climate environment. Therefore, with the difference of altitude and climate, different ecosystems will appear, which is altitude zoning. In some areas with dry climate, there is more rainfall and lower temperature in mountainous areas, which also strengthens the situation of altitude division.

Some animals and plants in the altitude division will only appear in a certain area, because the higher and lower altitude areas are not suitable for animal and plant migration and biological reproduction and growth. Such a situation is generally called sky island.

Altitude zoning usually has a fixed form. At the highest altitude, trees can't grow with or without other life. This area has a alpine climate similar to the tundra. Below the tree line is a subalpine climate, and there will be cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant coniferous forest plants. There are mountain forests at the lowest altitude, usually coniferous forests, but in tropical areas, there will be broad-leaved forests and even rainforests.

Shan Yan

Mountainous areas are not suitable for human habitation, so most people prefer to live on flat land (unless necessary), because the climate in mountainous areas is usually very bad, and it may not be able to develop into a big city due to the limitation of topography, but mountainous areas with gentle slopes are still suitable for farming. At high altitude, there are even fewer people living there because of lack of oxygen and vulnerability to ultraviolet rays. In addition, people living in low altitude areas will suffer from altitude sickness (a disease caused by low oxygen concentration in high altitude areas) once they stay at an altitude of more than 3500 meters for more than a few hours.

In modern times, the main use of mountains is to provide entertainment for human beings, and other small uses include logging, mining or grazing. Some peaks provide people with scenery. However, the possibility of reaching the peak is affected by its height, slope, latitude, topography, climate and other factors. Roads and cable cars are common facilities, making it easier to reach the top of the mountain. Recreational activities provided by mountainous areas include hiking, mountaineering, camping, rock climbing, ice climbing, grass skiing, skiing and snowboarding.