What are the special tourism activities throughout the country during the Dragon Boat Festival in 216?

Rowing Dragon Boat

The word "Dragon Boat" was first found in the pre-Qin ancient book "The Legend of Mu Tianzi", Volume 5: "The Emperor rides a bird boat and the dragon boat floats in the marsh." In "Nine Songs Xiang Jun", scholars also think that "flying dragon" means dragon boat.

Boating Dragon Boat

Before the dragon boat race, please invite dragons and offer sacrifices to the gods. For example, the Guangdong Dragon Boat Festival, before the Dragon Boat Festival, has to get out of the water, worship the South China Sea God in the South China Sea Temple, install the dragon head and the dragon tail, and then prepare for the race. And buy a pair of paper cocks and put them on the dragon boat, thinking that they can protect the boat safely (vaguely corresponding to the ancient bird boat). Fujian and Taiwan went to Mazu Tempel to worship. All kinds of sacrificial ceremonies and commemorative ceremonies are nothing more than burning incense sticks and paper money for chicken, rice, meat, fruit offerings, zongzi and so on. Nowadays, these superstitious rituals are rare, but in the past, when people sacrificed to the Dragon Temple, the atmosphere was very serious, and they prayed for a bumper harvest in agriculture, good weather, evil spirits, and all the best, and also blessed boating safety. In people's words, "to be auspicious" expresses people's inner good wishes. In Zigui, Qu Yuan's hometown in Hubei, there are also ceremonies to worship Qu Yuan.

Dragon Boat Race

The emperors of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all enjoyed watching dragon boats by the water, which also belonged to games and the like. Mu Zong and Jingzong are recorded in Old Tang Book, and both of them have "watching the race". Volume 7 of Dream of China in Tokyo records the custom of the Northern Song Emperor watching the dragon boat race in Jinming Pool in the Linshui Temple. Among them, there are floats, music boats, boats, painting cabins, dragon boats, tiger-headed boats, etc. for viewing and playing music, as well as a 4-foot-long dragon boat. In addition to the dragon boat, other boats lined up to compete for the bid as entertainment. Song Zhang Zeduan's "Jin Mingchi Winning the Bid" depicts this scene. In the Ming dynasty, the emperor watched the dragon boat in Ziguangge, Zhongnanhai, and watched the warriors of the Imperial Shooting Prison gallop and shoot arrows. In the Qing Dynasty, a race was held in Fuhai, Yuanmingyuan, and Qianlong and Jiaqing Emperor all went to watch. [4]

When rowing a dragon boat, there are many dragon boat songs that sing for fun. For example, when rowing a dragon boat in Zigui, Hubei Province, there was a complete singing, and the songs and songs were based on the fusion of local folk songs and songs. The singing voice was magnificent and exciting, that is, the legacy of "praising and reconciling". Another example is the Dragon Boat Song in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province, which was sung after the dragon boat was launched in April until the Dragon Boat Festival, and its performance was very extensive.

hanging wormwood and calamus

calamus

The folk proverb says, "Insert willow in Qingming Festival and wormwood in Dragon Boat Festival". On the Dragon Boat Festival, people regard inserting wormwood and calamus as one of the important contents. Ai, also known as Ai and Artemisia argyi. Its stems and leaves all contain volatile aromatic oils. Its peculiar fragrance can repel mosquitoes, flies, insects and ants and purify the air. In traditional Chinese medicine, moxa is used as medicine, which has the functions of qi and blood, warming uterus and eliminating cold and dampness. Processing mugwort leaves into "moxa wool" is an important medicinal material for moxibustion treatment. Acorus calamus is a perennial aquatic herb, and its long and narrow leaves also contain volatile aromatic oil, which is a medicine for refreshing, invigorating bones, eliminating stagnation, killing insects and sterilizing. It can be seen that the ancient people planted Artemisia argyi and Acorus calamus to some extent, and these activities also reflected the fine tradition of the Chinese nation.

"Holding the Aiqi in your hand will attract a hundred blessings, while hanging a sword on the door will kill a thousand evils". Hanging wormwood and calamus at the door of the Dragon Boat Festival is like sticking a charm, which can benefit and avoid harm. During the Dragon Boat Festival, wormwood is usually tied into a bunch and then inserted on the lintel, or a wormwood is inserted at both ends of the lintel.

wormwood

wormwood is a kind of herb that can cure diseases. Inserting wormwood at the door represents a hundred blessings and can make the owner healthy. It has been a medicinal plant since ancient times in China. The moxibustion method in acupuncture is to use wormwood as the main component and burn it on acupuncture points to treat diseases. The legend that wormwood can exorcise evil spirits has been circulated for a long time, mainly because it has medical functions.

Folium Artemisiae Argyi is a traditional Chinese medicine which is blindly fragrant and turbid, and has a strong effect of expelling toxin and eliminating plague. Hanging and burning Folium Artemisiae Argyi can sterilize and prevent the epidemic of plague. Folium Artemisiae Argyi has the functions of warming meridians to stop bleeding, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Most of them are externally used in clinic, such as moxibustion and washing with decocted water, but there are few prescription drugs, such as "Jiao Ai Tang" in treatise on febrile diseases.

There are reasons for hanging wormwood, calamus (Pujian), pomegranate and garlic at the gate of Dragon Boat Festival. Usually, Artemisia argyi, Ficus microcarpa and Acorus calamus are tied into a bundle with red paper and then inserted or hung on the door. Because Acorus calamus is the first of the five Rui in the sky, it symbolizes the evil sword, because the growing season and shape are regarded as "the breath of a hundred yin", and the leaves are sword-shaped, which can be inserted at the door to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, alchemists called it "water sword", and later customs extended it to "Pujian", which can cut thousands of evils. In Qing Dynasty, Gu Tieqing recorded in Qing Jia Lu that "cutting Pu as a sword, cutting Peng as a whip, and hanging garlic with peach stalks on the bed, all of which were used to exorcise ghosts".

hanging wormwood, calamus and Ficus microcarpa branches

However, in the Local Records of the Jin Dynasty, it is said that "wormwood is tiger-shaped, or the ribbon-cutting is tiger-shaped, and wormwood leaves are attached, and my wife is scrambling to cut it. In the future, it will be even more calamus, or humanoid, or Xiaojian-shaped, named Pujian, to exorcise evil spirits but ghosts. "

wormwood represents a hundred blessings, and it is a kind of herb that can cure diseases. It can make people healthy when inserted at the door. In ancient China, it has always been a medicinal plant. The moxibustion method in acupuncture is to use wormwood as the main component and burn it on acupuncture points to treat diseases.

The legend that wormwood can exorcise evil spirits has been circulating for a long time, mainly because it has the function of medicine. For example, Zonggu's Chronicle of the Age of Jingchu records that "before the cock crows, those who pick wormwood like human beings take it and receive it with moxibustion, which is very effective. It is the day when Ai Cai takes the form of a human figure and hangs on the door, which can poison gas. "

Dragon Boat Festival is the first festival after summer, and the temperature is rising, which is the period of frequent diseases. Therefore, many years ago, people often hung a few plants of wormwood in front of their homes. Because of its special fragrance, people used it to ward off diseases, prevent mosquitoes and ward off evil spirits. [15]

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival

Zongzi

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival is another traditional custom of China people. Zongzi, also known as "corn millet" and "zongzi". It has a long history and various patterns.

According to records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, millet was wrapped in leaves of Zizania latifolia (Zizania latifolia) into a horn shape, which was called "horn millet". Rice packed in bamboo tubes is sealed and roasted, which is called "tube zongzi". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the millet was soaked in plant ash water. Because the water contained alkali, the millet was wrapped in leaves to form a quadrangle, and cooked, which became Guangdong Suanshui Zongzi.

in the Jin dynasty, zongzi was officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At that time, in addition to glutinous rice, the raw materials for dumplings were also added with Alpinia oxyphylla, and the cooked dumplings were called "Yizhi Zongzi". According to the Records of Yueyang Local Customs written by Zhou Ren, "It is customary to wrap millet with leaves, cook it, and cook it thoroughly. From May 5 to the summer solstice, there is a dumpling and a millet." During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, miscellaneous zongzi appeared. Rice is mixed with animal meat, chestnut, red dates, red beans, etc., and the variety is increasing. Zongzi is also used as a gift for communication.

by the Tang dynasty, the rice used for zongzi was "white as jade" and its shape appeared as a cone and a diamond. There is a record of "Datang Zongzi" in Japanese literature. In the Song Dynasty, there was a "candied zongzi", that is, fruit was put into zongzi. Su Dongpo, a poet, has a poem "See Yangmei in Zongzi". At this time, there were also advertisements made of zongzi piled into pavilions and wooden carts and horses, indicating that eating zongzi was very fashionable in the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the wrapping material of zongzi changed from leaves to leaves. Later, zongzi wrapped with reed leaves appeared, and additional materials such as bean paste, pork, pine nuts, dates, walnuts and so on appeared, and the varieties were more colorful.

Up to now, every year in early May, people in China have to soak glutinous rice, wash zongzi leaves and make zongzi, and the varieties are more varied. From the perspective of stuffing, there are many Beijing jujube dumplings with small dates in the north; In the south, there are many kinds of fillings, such as bean paste, fresh meat, ham and egg yolk, among which Zhejiang Jiaxing Zongzi is the representative. The custom of eating zongzi has been popular in China for thousands of years, and spread to Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. [16]

Mulan Tang

Dragon Boat Festival orchid bath ceremony

Bathing orchid soup at noon is an ancient custom recorded in Da Dai Li. But the orchid in this paper is not an orchid, but a Eupatorium odoratum or herb of Compositae, which has a fragrance and can be boiled and bathed. "Nine Songs in the Cloud" also has the sentence "Bathing orchid soup will make you fragrant". "The Chronicle of Jingchu's Age": "May 5th is called the Orchid Bathing Festival." "Five Miscellanies" records that people in the Ming Dynasty took a bath with five-colored grass at noon because "orchid soup is not available". Later, it was usually fried cattails, wormwood and other herbs to take a bath.

in Guangdong province, we use bitter herbs or flowers such as wormwood, cattail, impatiens and magnolia. In Hunan, Guangxi and other places, cypress leaves, anemone root, wormwood, cattail and peach leaves are used to make a bath. No matter men, women and children, the whole family washes it. This custom still exists today. It is said that it can cure skin diseases and eliminate evil spirits. [17]

Flying kites

In the southern part of China, children fly kites during the Dragon Boat Festival, which is called "releasing disasters".

Pei damselfly

In the old days, women wore headdresses with five knots. More common in Jiangnan. Some areas are also called healthy people. This thing originated from the ancient walking, and it is a different form of Ai people. "Qing Jia Lu" quoted "The Legacy of Tang and Song Dynasties" as saying: "Who is in the north and south of the river, the system of winning the first prize on the fifth day is extremely ingenious. All the mugwort leaves are made by pressing and selling, or the shapes of immortals, buddhas, harmony, wu, insects, fish, beasts, flowers of eight treasures and the like are embroidered. Crepe spider, beautiful phoenix forest, cocoon tiger velvet tuo, lawn lizard, mantis, cicada and scorpion, gourd and melon, the color is realistic. It is covered with a treasure, and the hydrangeas are numerous, and the bells are hundreds of shapes, or they are strung together. The name is Douniang, which is invincible. "

tying five-color silk thread

Five-color silk thread

In the traditional culture of China, the five colors "blue, red, white, black and yellow" symbolizing the five elements are regarded as auspicious colors. On the Dragon Boat Festival, children should tie colorful silk threads on their wrists and ankles to protect their health.

Therefore, in the early morning of Dragon Boat Festival, the first important thing for adults after getting up is to tie five-color lines around their children's wrists, ankles and necks. When tying the thread, it is forbidden for children to speak. The five-color line cannot be broken or discarded at will, and can only be thrown into the river during the first heavy rain in summer or the first bath. It is said that children wearing five-color lines can avoid the harm of snakes and scorpions; Throwing it into the river means letting the river wash away plagues and diseases, so that children can be safe and healthy. [18]

Picking tea and making herbal tea

In some northern areas, it is preferred to pick tender leaves and potherb leaves and steam them in the Dragon Boat Festival to make tea. In Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, people go to the suburb of Shan Ye to collect herbs and boil herbal tea. This is also good for health.

Painting forehead

The custom of daubing children's foreheads with realgar during the Dragon Boat Festival can drive away poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw the word "Wang" on children's foreheads with realgar. One is to borrow realgar to drive away the poison, and the other is to borrow tiger's forehead ("Wang" is like a tiger, and the tiger is the king of beasts, because it is replaced by a tiger) to suppress evil spirits. Qing Fucha Dunchong's "Yanjing Year's Chronicle": "From the first day of the first lunar month, take realgar and sprinkle it with wine, and apply it to the collar and nose and ears of children to avoid poison." In addition to the forehead, nose and ears, it can also be applied elsewhere, with the same intention. Shanxi Hequ County Records says: "Drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival and applying it to children's forehead, hands and feet ... can prolong illness."

hiding from the Dragon Boat Festival

refers to taking a newly married or married daughter home for the festival, which is called "hiding from noon" for short, and also called "hiding from the end of the five days". It is customary to take May and May 5th as evil months and days, and all things need to be avoided, because there is a custom of taking women home to hide from the Dragon Boat Festival. This custom seems to have been formed in the Song Dynasty. In Lu You's poem "Feng Sui", there is a sentence that "the goat cavity wine bears the burden to meet the woman, and the drum dragon boat is sent to compete with the gods". "Jiajing Longqing Zhi" also recorded a cloud: "Married women are called back for the holidays". Also, "Luanzhou Zhi": "The new bride of a woman welcomes the moon back, which is called" hiding from the Dragon Boat Festival ". [19]

wearing long-life wisps

five-color long-life wisps

I hate wearing ornaments during the Dragon Boat Festival. Also known as life-sustaining thread, life-sustaining thread, life-prolonging thread, longevity thread, baisuo, bingshao, multicolored thread, etc., the names are different, and their shapes and functions are basically the same. In the Dragon Boat Festival, it is made of five-colored silk, or hung at the door, or worn by children's neck, or tied by children's arms, or hung on bed curtains, cradles and other places. It is said that it can avoid disasters, protect health and prolong life.

There are five shapes of this kind of festival object: simple five-color silk threads are twisted into a rope and tied to the arm; Decorate Suk Kim ornaments on colorful ropes and hang them around the neck; Colorful rope is folded into a square victory and decorated on the chest; Colorful knots are worn by portraits; Embroider and draw the sun, the moon, the stars, the black beasts and other things with colorful silk threads to pay tribute to your elders. This custom began in the Han Dynasty. Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote "A Lost Story of Customs": "In the afternoon, I tied my arms with colorful silk to avoid ghosts and soldiers, so that people would not get sick. One is a long-lived wisp, and the other is a soldier." Later, they became accustomed to each other until they were near and modern. Qing Fu Cha Dun's "Yanjing Years" recorded the custom at that time: "Every time you reach the end of the sun, those who are clever in the boudoir will be made into tigers, zongzi, Hulu, cherries and mulberries with colored threads, hung on the head of the hairpin or tied on the back of children." Among them, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the court gave ministers such things as saving things. In the first year of Xingyuan in Tang Daizong, the court once gave a hundred rope axes. "History of the Song Dynasty: Rites XV": "The day before, the golden thread was given to the officials to prolong their lives and the colorful thread was given to them. Wear it on holidays. "

Wear sachets

Wear sachets, sachets and sachets (3 pieces) during the Dragon Boat Festival

Wear sachets, which are also called sachets, sachets, purses, etc. They are made of five-color silk thread and sewn with rags, and are filled with spices (Chinese herbal medicines such as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Herba Scutellariae, Rhizoma Kaempferiae, Gan Song, and Gao). Chen Shiliang's "Guang Ji at the Age of Years" quoted "Miscellaneous Notes at the Age of Years" as saying that "Duanwu is made of red and white colors, such as a bag, and colored lines run through it, making it look like a flower." And another kind of "mussel powder bell": "On the fifth day, mussel powder is put in the silk, and it is decorated with cotton, if you count the beads. Let children take it to absorb sweat. " The contents of these carry-on bags have changed several times, from sweat-absorbing mussel powder, talisman to exorcise evil spirits, copper coins and realgar powder to sachets filled with spices, and their production has become increasingly exquisite, becoming a unique folk art of the Dragon Boat Festival.

you are very particular about wearing sachets. In order to prevent diseases and keep fit, the elderly generally like to wear plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, peaches, apples, lotus flowers, dolls riding fish, dolls holding cocks, double lotus flowers and other shapes, symbolizing birds and flowers, all the best, husband and wife loving each other and family harmony. Children like birds and animals, such as tigers and leopards; Monkeys on the pole, fighting chickens to catch rabbits, etc. Young people are the most particular about wearing sachets. If they are lovers in love, the affectionate girl will carefully make one or two unique sachets long ago and give them to her lover before the festival. The young man is wearing a sachet given by his sweetheart, which naturally causes comments from men and women around him, and praises the young man's object for its ingenuity.

Avoid Five Poisons

Five Poisons

The Dragon Boat Festival is a poisonous day and an evil day in the eyes of the ancients. This idea has been handed down in folk beliefs, so there are various customs of seeking peace and overcoming disasters. In fact, this is because the summer weather is hot and dry, people are easy to get sick, and plagues are also easy to spread; In addition, snakes and insects are prone to bite people, so be very careful, which forms this habit.

herb picking

This is one of the oldest customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. "Xia Xiaozheng" contains: "Store medicine this day to remove poisonous gas." Volume 22 of "Collection of Miscellaneous Drugs" quoted the lost article of "Collection of Miscellaneous Drugs at the Age of Jingchu": "On May 5, competing for miscellaneous drugs can cure all diseases." In the Miscellaneous Notes of Qi Min Yao Shu in the late Wei Dynasty, there is a record of catching toads in May, which is also used for pharmacy. Later, there was a custom of catching toads on the Dragon Boat Festival in many areas. For example, in Jiangsu, toads were harvested at noon, and their foam was pricked to make traditional Chinese medicine toad venom. People in Hangzhou also give children toads, saying that they can cool down the fire and have no boils in summer. And on the 5th, put Mo Ding in the toad's mouth, hang it up and dry it, and it will become a toad ingot, which can be dissipated when applied to the abscess. This custom of catching toad medicine originated from the legend of "toad fighting for soldiers" in Han Dynasty. Another example is Hubei Jianli's custom of "picking herbs" at the Dragon Boat Festival, and also picking herbs. Herb picking was formed on this day because the stems and leaves of herbs were mature and had good medicinal properties around the Dragon Boat Festival.