What is the cause of long-term diarrhea in adults? Are there any good dietary treatments? Can anyone give advice?

Diarrhea is diarrhea, and its common causes are: Although diarrhea is not a serious illness in the eyes of most people, its damage to the body should not be underestimated. Even a so-called hero cannot stand up to three people. Severe diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which is life-threatening, especially for the elderly and children.

Indigestion, food poisoning, emotional stress, soy foods, pancreatic disease, cancer, laxatives, antacids, caffeine, parasites, colitis, viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms, Drinking unclean water, eating spoiled food, food or chemical allergies, etc. may cause diarrhea.

Patients with diarrhea must drink plenty of fluids, such as saline, carob tea, carrot juice and green drinks (containing chlorophyll). If your condition doesn't get better or if you have blood in your stool, see your doctor. An allergy test can be done to find out if you are allergic to certain foods.

Home treatment measures

●Drink more water

Diarrhea patients suffer from severe water shortage and electrolyte imbalance due to large amounts of defecation. At this time, a large amount of fluids must be supplemented Moisture. Rehydration salts containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, glucose, and sodium citrate are ideal choices because they can replenish glucose and minerals lost in the body, and regulate potassium, sodium electrolytes, and water-acid-base balance; while carrot juice , apple juice, watermelon juice, etc. can not only replenish water, but also supplement essential vitamins, which are also good supplements. They are all good remedies to prevent the body from dehydration and collapse due to diarrhea.

●Do not take medicine in a hurry

Unless it is diarrhea caused by viral or bacterial infection, or severe diarrhea causes complications, ordinary diarrhea does not require medication, and its symptoms generally do not More than 48 hours. Therefore, do not use medicine to stop diarrhea for at least two days, because diarrhea is the body's way of eliminating toxins. Today, doctors generally discourage the use of antidiarrheal agents when a patient has acute diarrhea, unless there is an urgent need to control the condition. Otherwise, it may be more beneficial to let it drain and speed up recovery.

●Check your medications

Diarrhea may sometimes be related to medications you take, such as antacids for heartburn. Antacids are the drugs that most commonly cause diarrhea. To avoid heartburn-related diarrhea, it is recommended to use an antacid containing only aluminum hydroxide. In addition to antacids, antibiotics, quinidine, colchicine (anti-gout drugs) and other drugs may also cause diarrhea. If you suspect that these or other drugs are causing you diarrhea, you should ask your doctor.

●Let nature take its course

Many people like to use pectin, acidophilus, carob powder, barley, bananas, Swiss cheese and all kinds of exotic foods. Treat diarrhea. These things can restrain the intestines and slow down their peristalsis. But in fact, this just prolongs the time that the source of the problem stays in the body. What you really need is to expel the substances that cause diarrhea from the body. The best way is to let it go naturally.

●Stay away from the kitchen

It is not advisable to cook for your family during diarrhea until the symptoms subside. Remember to wash your hands after using the toilet to avoid spreading germs to others.

Diet and nutritional therapy

●Drink 3 bowls of rice soup every day

Rice soup is beneficial in treating diarrhea. Add 3 cups of water to half a cup of brown rice and cook for 45 minutes. After filtering, drink 3 bowls a day. At the same time, eating rice can also help form stool and provide vitamin B.

●Take charcoal tablets

Take 4 charcoal tablets every hour with water until the condition improves. Use at night. Never combine with other vitamins or medications.

●Eat a light diet

During diarrhea, you should eat light liquid foods, such as chicken soup or other transparent liquids. Because during diarrhea, your intestines need adequate rest. After you are sure that chicken soup is okay, you can gradually add rice, yogurt (containing beneficial bacteria), lettuce and other easily digestible foods to your diet while your symptoms improve.

●Avoid the following foods

When having diarrhea, the foods that need to be avoided most include beans, cabbage, etc. Other foods containing large amounts of carbohydrates that are not easily absorbed can also worsen diarrhea. These foods include fat, wheat and gluten-containing foods such as bread, noodles and other flour products, apples, pears, plums, corn, oats, potatoes, etc. Avoid carbonated drinks, which contain gas that may make your diarrhea worse.

●Supplement minerals

Take kelp powder capsules, 5 capsules a day, or consume kelp soup to supplement minerals. Take 100 mg of potassium daily to replace lost potassium.

●Use garlic to kill bacteria

You can eat a few garlic grains with three meals, which can prevent and treat bacterial diarrhea. If you are unable or unwilling to eat raw garlic, you can take garlic capsules, 2 capsules each, 3 times a day, which can also kill bacteria (bacteria and parasites).

●Supplement essential nutrients

①Calcium plus vitamin D

1500 mg per day. Replenish lost calcium and help form stool. 400iu vitamin D per day to help calcium absorption.

② Digestive enzymes

Take with meals. Rich in pancreatic enzymes, which help aid digestion.

③ Magnesium

1000 mg per day.

Helps calcium absorption and promotes pH balance.

④Psyllium or oat bran

4 capsules before going to bed. Helps form stool.

⑤Unsaturated fatty acids

The dosage should be according to the product instructions to help form stool.

⑥ Vitamin B complex plus vitamin BL, nicotine and folic acid

Vitamin D complex plus vitamin D: 200 mg per day, 2 weeks. Nicotine and folic acid 50 mg per day. Due to malabsorption, it may be necessary to ask your doctor for an injection of vitamin D.

⑦ Vitamin E

400iu-1000i3 per day. Protect colon cell membrane.

●Please use milk to make crystals

Lactose intolerance is one of the important causes of diarrhea. Lactose intolerance may develop in infancy or may appear suddenly in adulthood. If you drink milk and then experience gas and abdominal pain, followed by diarrhea, you may be allergic to lactose. The best treatment is, of course, to avoid foods containing lactose, which means staying away from most dairy products, with the exception of yogurt and some aged cheeses. When you avoid these foods, diarrhea will stop naturally.

●Testing method

Since lactose intolerance is related to the dose, and it has the characteristic of sudden attack, how to determine whether your diarrhea is related to lactose crystals? Method 1 One is to have the patient abstain from dairy completely for 1 to 2 weeks to see if this helps. If stopping drinking milk really works, the patient can gradually add milk crystals back into the diet. At the same time, when the amount of dairy products reaches a certain level, lactose intolerance will recur. Therefore, you can avoid diarrhea if you take dairy products at no more than this dose.

●Natural herbs

If diarrhea occurs occasionally, try blackberry root, chamomile tea, and raspberry leaves. Medicinal plants can also be added to applesauce, banana, pear or wood juice. Take paprika capsules or paprika leaf tea 2 to 3 times a day. Ginger tea is beneficial for cramps and abdominal pain. Slippery elm bark is also good, with 6 capsules or 3 teaspoons of slippery elm bark powder per 8 ounces of water.

The effects of common antidiarrheal drugs

Smecta adsorbent antidiarrheal drugs

can adsorb bacteria, viruses, toxins and other substances that cause diarrhea, and have It has the function of astringing and protecting the intestinal mucosa, and is applicable to any type of diarrhea, especially the common food poisoning diarrhea in summer. However, it will affect the absorption of other drugs and minerals, so it cannot be taken for a long time.

Bifeikang Intestinal Surgery Mommy Loves Microbial Preparations

It plays an adjusting role in intestinal flora, improves intestinal immunity, protects the growth of beneficial bacteria, promotes gastric juice secretion, It can enhance digestive function and other functions, which is beneficial to the improvement of diarrhea and speedy recovery for the elderly, children and patients with weak constitutions.

Imodium neuropathic antidiarrheal drug

It plays an antidiarrheal effect by enhancing the tension of intestinal smooth muscle, inhibiting the propulsive peristalsis of the intestine, and prolonging the residence time of its contents. It is suitable for diarrhea or chronic diarrhea caused by sympathetic nerve excitement. Due to its precise efficacy, many people take this medicine when they have diarrhea. In fact, if Imodium is used simply, it is not conducive to the subsidence of inflammation. It should not be used when watery diarrhea is accompanied by symptoms of bacterial infection such as abdominal distension and fever

Care and treatment of children with diarrhea

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Children are most prone to diarrhea in summer and autumn, mostly caused by eating unclean food or water, or catching cold in the abdomen. Pathogens are bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens.

If your child does not have frequent diarrhea and is in good spirits, you can observe him at home. And give the following processing. 1. Temporarily stop eating and drinking to give your gastrointestinal tract a rest. 2. Replenish water: Give light tea with a little less salt and sugar, and feed it frequently. 3. Provide light and easy-to-digest foods such as skim milk, porridge, and a small amount of pickles. Note: Do not give antibiotics by yourself to avoid affecting the detection of pathogens. Do not give antidiarrheal drugs casually to prevent the excretion of pathogens and toxins.

If the following conditions occur, you should be sent to the hospital immediately: 1. The frequency of bowel movements exceeds 7 to 8 times a day. 2. The stool is a large amount of watery stool or a small amount but contains pus, blood and mucus. 3. Accompanied by fever. 4. Dehydration symptoms such as thirst, irritability and crying, dry lips and tongue, sunken fontanelles and eye sockets, and skin that slowly expands after being lifted and put down. 5. If a child is listless and lethargic, even if he does not have frequent bowel movements and is not accompanied by fever, he must be sent to the hospital immediately.

How to prevent diarrhea? 1. Because children’s gastrointestinal function is poor in summer and autumn, the diet should be nutritious but easy to digest, and should be eaten regularly and quantitatively. 2. Drink plenty of water and avoid eating cold, greasy food. Pay attention to food and drinking water hygiene to prevent contamination. 3. Pay attention to keeping your belly and abdomen warm.

Observing the stool characteristics of infants and young children can understand their digestion status.

If the smell of baby's stool is obvious, it means protein indigestion. At this time, the amount of milk should be appropriately reduced or the milk should be diluted. If there is excessive foam in the stool, it indicates indigestion of carbohydrates, and starchy foods must be reduced or even stopped. If the stool appears creamy, it indicates fat indigestion and the intake of fatty foods should be reduced.

Care for children with diarrhea

◆Non-breast milk foods should be chosen that are easy to digest and suit the child’s taste. Do not choose foods that take a long time to digest. Choose rice porridge or vegetable porridge. Wait for starch-based foods and make them softer.

But if the baby doesn't want to eat, don't force it. It's not a big problem if the baby doesn't eat non-breast milk foods for a period of time.

If a breastfed child develops diarrhea, do not wean him easily. At this time, the time of each feeding can be shortened and the child can drink the first half of the milk. Because the first half of breast milk contains more protein, is easy to digest, and is rich in nutrients, while the second half contains more fat and is difficult to digest. If necessary, the mother can drink a large glass of lightly salted water half an hour to an hour before breastfeeding to dilute the milk, and then breastfeed the child.

◆Replenish water with drinks that your child likes to drink

When you lose water due to diarrhea, it is very important to add more water. You can find more drinks that your child likes to drink. , such as boiled water, fruit juice, vegetable juice, etc. When diarrhea is severe and accompanied by vomiting, fluids should be replenished more frequently.

◆When diarrhea returns to normal, it is also necessary to slowly increase the amount of non-breast milk foods. When severe diarrhea continues, although the diarrhea has stopped, the digestive function will return to normal after a period of time, and cannot be done immediately. To resume eating the original non-breast milk food, you should first feed the viscous food in the early stage of adding complementary food, and then slowly resume it after a few days. At the same time, you need to continue taking Biostime Children's Probiotic Granules for a period of time until your baby's intestines are completely restored to health.

◆Change diapers frequently

Diarrhea sometimes causes rashes, so it is best to change diapers frequently.

Food to stop diarrhea

The following foods can not only provide the baby with necessary nutrients, but also have a certain anti-diarrheal effect.

1. Burnt rice soup: Grind the rice flour or cream into powder, fry until brown, add water and appropriate amount of sugar, and boil until it becomes a thin paste. Jiao rice soup is easy to digest, and its carbonized structure also has good adsorption and antidiarrheal effects. It is the first choice food for infants with diarrhea.

2. Carrot soup: Carrots are alkaline foods. The pectin they contain can shape stools and absorb intestinal pathogenic bacteria and toxins. It is a good anti-diarrheal and antibacterial food. The method of making carrot soup is as follows: wash the carrots, cut the stems and cut them into small pieces, add water and boil until soft, then filter with gauze to remove the residue, then add water to make soup (based on the ratio of 500 grams of carrots to 1000 ml of water), and finally Add sugar and bring to a boil. Take 2 to 3 times a day, 100 to 150 ml each time. Stop using it after the diarrhea improves.

3. Apple puree: Apples are also alkaline foods, containing pectin and tannic acid, which have adsorption, astringent, and antidiarrheal effects. Take a fresh, soft apple and cut it in half, then use a spoon to scrape it into a puree.

1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms such as cold diarrhea, nervous diarrhea, exam diarrhea, travel diarrhea and other symptoms are medically called irritable bowel syndrome. Also commonly known as chronic enteritis, neurotic colitis, allergic colitis, colon spasm, mucinous colitis, colon dysfunction...

2. Catch colds and diarrhea. Summer is coming, and the weather is getting a little hot. Generally speaking, most people think that you should pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling in summer, but they ignore the possible colds that may occur during heatstroke prevention and cooling, such as sitting for a long time in an air-conditioned room, sleeping on the ground because of the cold, drinking too much beer, drinking a lot of iced drinks, etc., which can easily cause your intestines. The most common one is diarrhea caused by catching a cold. This kind of diarrhea is usually accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating, bowel sounds, incomplete bowel movements, mucus, etc. When you go to the hospital to see a doctor, most hospitals only control symptoms, give antispasmodic and antidiarrheal drugs, or provide psychological therapy and hypnotherapy. Some doctors may misdiagnose it as chronic enteritis and colitis. Medically, this kind of diarrhea caused by catching a cold is called irritable bowel syndrome. When the weather is hot, if diarrhea occurs, you should pay attention to whether there is pus and blood in the stool, or go to the hospital to check whether it is bacillary dysentery. To rule out intestinal inflammation, it may be irritable bowel syndrome. Do not confuse several types of diarrhea to delay the condition.

3. Infectious diarrhea Infectious diarrhea in spring is an extremely common intestinal infectious disease, caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc. The main clinical manifestations are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. It is mainly spread through water and food. Poor eating habits and personal hygiene can also lead to infection. Therefore, seizing the opportunity to do a good job of diet, drinking water and personal hygiene is the best strategy to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of intestinal infectious diseases. In April, there are a lot of people going out and traveling. They should pay more attention to prevention and avoid drinking raw water; not eating unclean, corrupt, unlicensed and unhygienic food; and pay attention to washing hands before eating and after using the toilet.

Methods for treating diarrhea

It is recommended that a glass of hot milk before going to bed can help improve insomnia.

General treatment

When the primary disease is difficult to correct or no obvious primary factors have been found yet, the following general measures are beneficial to most patients.

1. Correct bad eating habits

Eat enough food.

Eat more foods high in crude fiber and develop the habit of drinking more water.

Take a small amount of wheat bran (dietary fiber 25-30 grams/d, not suitable for those with organic stenosis of the intestine) orally at regular intervals.

Drinking water should reach 3000ml per day.

2. Develop good living habits

Be regular in your daily life, actively participate in sports activities, and maintain an optimistic mental state, which can also help improve the function of the digestive tract. .

If you often eat big fish and meat, you will easily get diarrhea if you are not careful.

In view of the characteristics of diarrhea such as increased intestinal motility, increased leakage and/or secretion of intestinal mucosa, and imbalance of intestinal flora, antidiarrheal drugs can be roughly divided into intestinal motility inhibitors (such as compound diphenylephrine, Imodium), astringent There are several types of antidiarrhoeal agents (such as tannic acid protein, bismuth subcarbonate), mucosal protective agents (such as Smecta), microbiological preparations (such as Peficon, Zhengchangsheng), etc. In addition, adsorbents such as activated carbon can It absorbs toxins and reduces irritation to the intestinal mucosa, thereby also having an antidiarrheal effect.

The most important thing in treating diarrhea is to prescribe the right medicine. Diarrhea can be divided into infectious and non-infectious. Infectious diarrhea is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and other pathogens, such as bacillary dysentery, bacterial food poisoning, viral enteritis, etc. Non-infectious diarrhea is common when catching cold, Indigestion, gastrointestinal dysfunction and systemic diseases such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, and uremia. Infectious diarrhea is a manifestation of the body's self-protection. It can excrete part of the toxins, which is beneficial to the human body. Blindly stopping diarrhea will be detrimental to the outcome of the disease. In principle, antidiarrheal drugs are only suitable for non-infectious diarrhea, and are generally not used for infectious diarrhea. Especially in the acute phase, when symptoms of inflammation and poisoning (such as high fever) are obvious and there is a lot of pus and blood in the stool, antidiarrheal drugs should be regarded as absolute Contraindications: During the recovery period, when the condition improves significantly and there is no pus or blood in the stool, but there is only a lot of water, antidiarrheal agents can also be taken for a short period of time.

Secondly, we should pay attention to the different pathogenesis and different medications. If it is caused by increased intestinal motility, such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, gastrointestinal dysfunction, etc., intestinal motility inhibitors should be the first choice to prolong the retention time of intestinal contents, facilitate water absorption and stop diarrhea. If it is caused by increased intestinal mucosal secretion, For diarrhea, such as cholera, bacterial food poisoning, etc., you can choose astringents and adsorbents to prevent diarrhea by inhibiting intestinal mucosal secretion and adsorbing harmful toxins. If diarrhea is caused by increased exudation due to mucosal inflammation and ulcers, you can choose a mucosal protectant to protect the mucosa and remove bacteria, viruses and toxins. For infant diarrhea and antibiotic-related diarrhea caused by intestinal flora, microbial ecological preparations should be the first choice. By supplementing intestinal probiotics, the microecological balance in the intestinal tract can be restored, adjusting gastrointestinal function and antidiarrheal effects. Some diarrhea is not caused by a single factor, so a combination of medications should be used as appropriate.

Third, antidiarrhea is only a symptomatic treatment, and treatment of the cause is fundamental. Therefore, while stopping diarrhea and replenishing fluids, do not neglect the treatment of the primary disease. If it is infectious diarrhea, you should use sensitive antibiotics to control the infection; if it is caused by indigestion, you should start with adjusting your diet; if it is caused by gastrointestinal dysfunction, you can choose drugs that regulate autonomic nerve function and sedatives, etc.

An overdose of antidiarrheal agents can cause abdominal distension. constipate. Pseudo-obstruction. Taking antidiarrheal agents for infectious diarrhea can mask the condition and affect the doctor's diagnosis. Antidiarrheal agents taken by patients with bacillary dysentery often affect the excretion of bacteria and toxins from the intestines, aggravating the symptoms of toxemia and prolonging the course of the disease. Antidiarrheal agents used in the acute stage of ulcerative colitis can induce toxic megacolon and intestinal perforation. In addition, compound phenylethyl piperidine. Codeine and other drugs contain narcotic ingredients, which can lead to addiction if taken for a long time, so they must be used with caution.

The cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

The cause of this disease is related to many factors. It is currently believed that the pathophysiological basis of IBS is mainly abnormal gastrointestinal kinetics and abnormal visceral sensation. It is believed that post-intestinal infection and mental and psychological disorders are important factors in the pathogenesis of IBS.

1. Abnormal gastrointestinal kinetics The contraction of muscles causes the substances in the intestine (which can be called feces at this stage) to move in the colon to help absorption. Peristalsis occurs about 1 to 4 times a day (mainly after meals) to push and store feces into the rectum. These peristalsis eventually lead to defecation. Peristalsis is affected by hormones, chemicals and physiological stimulation in the body, and intestinal peristalsis is significantly accelerated in people with diarrhea-type IBS.

2. Abnormal visceral perception: The colon muscles of IBS patients will spasm under slight stimulation, and the sensitivity and reactivity of the colon are higher than those of normal people.

3. Mental factors Psychological stress has a significant impact on gastrointestinal motility. A large number of surveys have shown that IBS patients have abnormal personality, their anxiety and depression scores are significantly higher than those of normal people, and the frequency of stress events is also higher than that of normal people.

4. Infection More and more studies suggest that some patients' IBS symptoms occur after the intestinal infection is cured. There is a certain correlation between the onset and severity of the infection and the time of antibiotic application.

5. Others: About 1/3 of patients are intolerant to certain foods, which causes worsening of symptoms.

Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

The onset is insidious, usually occurring between the ages of 20 and 30. Symptoms recur repeatedly, and the course of the disease can last from several years to several years. Ten years, but the general health is not affected. Mental, dietary and other factors can often induce the recurrence or aggravation of symptoms. The main clinical manifestations are abdominal pain and changes in defecation habits and fecal properties.

1. Abdominal pain Almost all IBS patients have varying degrees of abdominal pain. The location is variable, but it is more common in the lower abdomen and left lower abdomen. It is usually relieved after defecation or flatulence. Waking up from pain during sleep is rare.

2. Diarrhea usually occurs about 3-5 times a day, and in a few severe episodes, it can occur more than ten times. The stool is mostly in the form of a thin paste, and may also be soft or watery. There is mostly mucus, and some patients have less feces and a lot of mucus, but there is no pus or blood. Defecation does not interfere with sleep. Diarrhea and constipation occur alternately in some patients.

3. Constipation: Difficulty defecation, dry and hard stool, small amount, sheep feces or thin rod shape, with mucus attached to the surface.

IV. Other gastrointestinal symptoms are often accompanied by a feeling of abdominal distension, a sense of unclean defecation, and a sense of embarrassment during defecation. Some patients also have symptoms of indigestion.

5. Systemic symptoms: A considerable number of patients may have mental symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, depression, dizziness, and headache.

Diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

In the past, there have been many medical names for the manifestations of IBS, such as neurologic colitis, allergic colitis, Colospasm, mucinous colitis, colon dysfunction, etc., but most of these names are not accurately defined.

For example: colitis means inflammation of the colon, whereas irritable bowel syndrome does not cause inflammatory lesions.

The internationally recognized Rome II diagnostic criteria are currently used to diagnose IBS:

(1) There has been abdominal pain for at least 12 weeks in the past 12 months (can be non-consecutive) Discomfort or abdominal pain; accompanied by at least 2 of the following characteristics:

① Abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort is relieved after defecation;

② Abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort is accompanied by changes in the frequency of defecation;< /p>

③ Abdominal pain or discomfort occurs accompanied by changes in stool properties.

(2) The following symptoms are not necessary for diagnosis, but they are common symptoms. The more these symptoms are, the more supportive the diagnosis of IBS is:

① Abnormal bowel movement frequency (defecation >3 times a day) or <3 times a week);

② Abnormal stool characteristics (lumpy/hard stool or watery stool);

③ Abnormal stool discharge process (urgency, inability to defecate) Feeling of exhaustion, exertion);

④ Mucus stool;

⑤ Flatulence or abdominal distension.

(3) Lack of morphological changes and biochemical abnormalities that can explain symptoms.

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