Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Travel guide - Information about Lhasa
Information about Lhasa
Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, is an ancient city with a history of 1,300 years. It is located in the southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, on the north bank of the Lhasa River, a tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, with geographical coordinates of 91°06′ east longitude and 29°36′ north latitude. It borders Linzhi Prefecture to the east, Shigatse Prefecture to the west, Nagqu Prefecture to the north, and Shannan Prefecture to the south. The maximum longitudinal distance from north to south is 202 kilometers, and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 277 kilometers. The total area is 31,662 square kilometers. The total population is 420,000.
Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, is an ancient city with a history of 1,300 years. It is located on the north bank of Lhasa River, a tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, at 91°06′ east longitude, 29°36′ north latitude and more than 3650 meters above sea level.
Postal code: 850000
Area code: 0891
English name: Lhasa
Chinese Pinyin: Lasa
License plate number: Tibetan A
Lhasa City has 7 counties (Damxung County, Doulungdeqen County, Qushui County, Mozhugongkar County, Dazi County, Nyimu County and Linzhou County) and 1 District (Chengguan District) . The city has a total area of ??nearly 30,000 square kilometers, and the urban area is 59 square kilometers. The city's total population is nearly 550,000, of which the urban population is nearly 270,000. There are 31 ethnic groups including Tibetan, Han, and Hui, with the Tibetan population accounting for 87%.
"Lhasa" means "Holy Land" or "Buddha Land" in Tibetan. It has long been the political, economic, cultural and religious center of Tibet. The magnificent and magnificent Potala Palace, It is a symbol of the supreme theocracy. As early as the seventh century AD, after Songtsen Gampo annexed neighboring tribes and unified Tibet, he moved the capital from Yalong to Luozi (now Lhasa) and established the Tubo Dynasty.
On May 23, 1951, Tibet was peacefully liberated, and the city of Lhasa entered a new era. In 1960, the State Council officially approved Lhasa as a prefecture-level city, and in 1982 it was designated as one of the first 24 national historical and cultural cities to be announced.
Lhasa was called "Rasa" in ancient times. In Tibetan, "goat" is called "ra" and "earth" is called "sa". According to legend, when Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty married to Tubo in the seventh century AD, it was still a grassy beach. Later, in order to build the Jokhang Temple and Ramoche Temple, the pond was filled with goats' back soil. After the temples were built, the number of missionary monks and pilgrims increased, and many hotels and residential houses were built around the Jokhang Temple. The prototype of the old city centering on the Jokhang Temple was formed. At the same time, Songtsen Gampo expanded his palace in Hongshan (today's Potala Palace). As a result, palaces were built one after another on the plains of the Lhasa Valley, and a famous plateau city that was famous both at home and abroad was formed. "Resa" gradually became a "holy place" in people's hearts and became the center of Tibetan religion, politics, economy, and culture at that time. In most people's minds, Lhasa consists of the Potala Palace, Barkhor Street (Bajiao Street), Jokhang Temple, Sera Temple, Drepung Temple and the Lhasa River. However, Tibetans believe that "Lhasa" in the strict sense should be It refers to the Jokhang Temple and the Barkhor Street built around the Jokhang Temple. Only when you reach the Jokhang Temple and Barkhor Street can you reach the real Lhasa. Today, the east area of ??Lhasa still maintains the essence of the ancient city of Lhasa.
Lhasa New City is centered on the Potala Palace and Barkhor Street, extending to Sera Monastery in the north and Doulung Dechen County in the west. Looking across the city of Lhasa, the post and telecommunications building, news building, Lhasa Hotel, Tibet Hotel and other buildings of various colors are dotted around, intersecting with each other, continuous and shining. Standing on the top of the Potala Palace and overlooking the entire city of Lhasa, the entire urban area of ??Lhasa is full of new-style buildings hidden among green trees. Only the Barkhor Street area is full of prayer flags and mulberry smoke. Here, there are densely populated houses and streets with quite ethnic styles, and people from all over Tibetan areas gather. Many of them still wear the traditional clothes of their own people. The prayer wheels and rosary beads that never seem to leave their hands clearly show that Buddhism actually It has become a way of life.
Henyimu, Doilungdeqen, Linzhou, and Mozhugongka townships in Damxung County in northern Lhasa belong to the southern edge of the northern Tibetan grassland. They have abundant water and grass, prosperous animal husbandry, and are rich in beef and mutton meat, butter, cow down, Wool; the central part is the famous Lhasa Valley, and the southern part is the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. It is one of the better agricultural areas in Tibet and is rich in highland barley, wheat, rapeseed and beans. The "Lhasa No. 1" broad bean is even more famous at home and abroad. There are many geothermal hot springs with economic value and medical effects around Lhasa. The Qusang Hot Spring in Doirungdeqen County and the Dezhong Hot Spring in Mozhugongka County are famous throughout the Tibetan area.
The urban area of ??Lhasa is located in the alluvial plain of the river valley and is one of the highest cities in the world. The terrain slopes from east to west, and the climate belongs to the plateau temperate zone semi-arid monsoon climate zone. The annual sunshine hours are more than 3,000 hours, so it is known as the "Sunshine City". The annual precipitation is 200-510 mm, concentrated in June-September, with many nights of rain, which is called the rainy season. The highest temperature is 28℃ and the lowest temperature is minus 14℃. The air is thin, the temperature is low, the daily temperature difference is large, winter and spring are dry and windy. The annual frost-free period ranges from 100 to 120 days.
Transportation
* Lhasa Gonggar International Airport
* Qinghai-Tibet Railway: 1,956 kilometers in length, completed in October 2005, July 1, 2007 Officially opened to traffic on the same day.
* Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Sichuan-Tibet Highway, Yunnan-Tibet Highway, etc.
Travel guide
Lhasa to Golmud is 1165 kilometers, the fare is 200-240 yuan; Lhasa to Zedang is 191 kilometers, the fare is 30-50 yuan; Lhasa to Qamdo is 1121 kilometers, The fare is 280 yuan; the distance from Lhasa to Chengdu is 2415 kilometers, the fare is 540 yuan; the distance from Lhasa to Shigatse is 280 kilometers, the fare is 48-90 yuan; the distance from Lhasa to Zhangmu is 754 kilometers, the fare is 130 yuan; the distance from Lhasa to Gyantse is 264 kilometers, the fare is 50 yuan Yuan.
Physical Geography
Lhasa is located in the middle of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an altitude of 3,650 meters. It is one of the highest cities in the world. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The central and southern part is the Lhasa River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. The middle reaches of the river valley are plain and the terrain is flat.
Nyenchen Tanglha Mountain
100 kilometers north of Lhasa, stands the world-famous Nyenchen Tanglha Snow Mountain, with Namtso to the north, and the highest point on the top of the mountain is 7,117 meters above sea level.
The Nyainqentanglha Mountains stand in the central part of the Tibetan Plateau, about 600 kilometers from west to east. It borders Gangkukashe to the west, and extends to the southeast to connect with the Bosula Ridge of the Hengduan Mountains. The middle part is slightly convex to the north. It is the watershed of two major river systems, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nu River. It also divides the Tibet Autonomous Region into three major regions: northern Tibet, southern Tibet, and southeastern Tibet. Datanggula Pass, with an altitude of 5,231 meters, is the natural dividing line between Qinghai and Tibet provinces and the highest point of the Qinghai-Tibet Line 109 National Highway.
"Nyenchen Tanglha" means "Lingying Grassland God" in Tibetan, which shows that Tibetans respect and hope for it. These four peaks and their surrounding areas were once subjected to strong Quaternary glaciation, forming today's steeper mountains, especially the northwest slope which is extremely steep. The mountain is straight and dangerous.
Yaowang Mountain
Yaowang Mountain is the best angle to photograph the Potala Palace, especially halfway up the mountain. In the early morning of the travel season, there are often dense crowds of photographers and photography enthusiasts gathering on Yaowang Mountain waiting for the first ray of light to illuminate the Potala Palace.
Yaowang Mountain, whose hidden name is Jiabori, means "mountain at the corner of the mountain". On the right side of the Potala Palace in Lhasa. At an altitude of 3725 meters, there is a trail to the peak.
Yaowang Mountain is close to the Red Mountain where the Potala Palace is located. A main arterial road in the city passes between the two mountains. In the past, the two mountains were connected by a white pagoda, with a doorway on the bottom floor, which was the gateway to Lhasa. In the 1960s, Lhasa was expanded, the pagodas were demolished, and an asphalt road dozens of meters wide opened the distance between the two mountains. Some people thought that the divine vein was broken, and they tried to use prayer flags to connect the two mountains. Every year when the Tibetan calendar comes, devout believers come here to hang new flags. It has now been reconnected with a tower.
Mila Mountain
Mila Mountain passes through Mozhugongka County. Mount Mira is more than 4,700 meters high and stands east of Lhasa. Although Mount Mira is just a small mountain among the thousands of mountains on the Tibetan Plateau, it forms a north-south line with Potala Mountain in the south. It is a watershed that runs across the east-west Brahmaputra Valley and has become an important boundary between the landforms, vegetation and climate on the east and west sides of the Brahmaputra Valley.
The Lhasa River is the mother river of Lhasa City and has a great influence on the development of Lhasa. Lhasa citizens love this river very much. Every weekend or holiday, groups of Lhasa people drive there. Or walk to the banks and valleys of the Lhasa River, set up tents, fish, play in the water, or bathe, drink butter tea, eat various delicacies brought from home, and enjoy the bright sunshine and leisurely atmosphere of Lhasa. Han Chinese picnic.
The Lhasa River originates from the Kongmagou in Phuntsok La, Gialili, at the southern foot of Nyenchen Tanglha Mountain. It flows through Nagqu, Damxung, Linzhou, Mozhugongka, Dazi, Chengguan, and Doilungdeqing to Qushui County. It is a large tributary in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, with a total length of 495 kilometers and a drainage area of ??31,760 square kilometers; the maximum flow is 2830 cubic meters m/s, the minimum flow is 20 cubic meters/s, and the annual average flow is 287 cubic meters/s; the altitude ranges from 5500 meters from the source to 3580 meters at the mouth, making it one of the highest rivers in the world. This river belongs to the snowmelt and heavy rain type, and the amount of water changes with the temperature and precipitation.
Most of the Lhasa River basin is mountainous, with towering peaks and steep slopes. The terrain slopes from north to south. The Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains must have small-scale modern glaciers. Most of the tributaries on the right bank of the basin originate from glaciers. Most left bank tributaries originate from lakes or swamps.
The Lhasa River has a "V" shape in the valley above Tanggu in Linzhou County. The valley becomes wider down to Mozhugongka County, with a width of about 1-1.5 kilometers. A floodplain in the middle of the river begins to appear, and the vegetation on the floodplain is good. , this section of the river is relatively regular, with three consecutive terraces distributed on both sides: the third terrace is 40-50 meters above the river water level, and its surface is sandy topsoil 50-80 cm thick, with lush grass growing on it, which is a natural Good pasture; the second terrace is 20-30 meters above the river water level; the first terrace is 10-20 meters above the river water level, most of which have been reclaimed into cultivated land.
On both sides of the river are river valley alluvial plains, with a width of 1-10 kilometers and a cultivated land area of ??about 570,000 acres. These areas have a mild climate, flat terrain, thick soil and abundant water resources, and are Tibet's main grain producers. one of the districts.
Lhasa City is located in the southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, on the north bank of the Lhasa River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. Its geographical coordinates are 91°06′ east longitude and 29°36′ north latitude.
The climate belongs to the plateau temperate semi-arid climate zone, with 3,000 hours of sunshine per year, 1,800 hours more than Chengdu, the capital of neighboring Sichuan Province, and 1,100 hours more than Shanghai, the largest eastern city in China. It ranks among the best among cities in the country, so it has It is known as "Sunlight City".
The annual precipitation is 200-510 mm, concentrated from June to September, with many nights of rain. The highest temperature is 28℃ and the lowest temperature is minus 14℃. The air is thin, the temperature is low, the daily temperature difference is large, winter and spring are dry and windy, and the annual frost-free period is 100-120 days. Relatively speaking, the climate is warm and humid from March to October, which is the best travel season in Tibet, and the annual May Day holiday is usually the beginning of the travel season.
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