A complete collection of geographical knowledge points

Knowledge is the best honor for young people, the greatest comfort for the elderly, the most precious property for the poor and the most precious ornament for the rich. Here, I bring you several books about the collation and induction of geographical knowledge points, hoping to help you.

Summary of geographical knowledge points 1

Rivers and lakes

1. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points: outflow area and inflow area

Rivers that directly or indirectly flow into the ocean are called outflow rivers. Its basin is called outflow area. Rivers that do not flow into the ocean, into inland lakes or disappear halfway are called inflow rivers. Its basin is called inflow area.

The outflow river and its hydrological characteristics: with the Qinling-Huaihe River as the boundary, there are obvious differences in hydrological characteristics between the north and the south: the outflow river in the south has large discharge, small seasonal variation of water level, long flood season, small sediment concentration and no ice age; Except for a few rivers such as Heilongjiang in the north, the river flow is small, the flood season of seasonal variation of water level is short, and the sediment concentration is large. The reason is the heavy precipitation in the south. The rainy season is long, the plants are lush, the river sediment content is low, and the winter temperature is above 0℃. The situation in the north is just the opposite.

Main inland rivers and their hydrological characteristics: The inland rivers in China are mainly distributed in the northwest, and the Tarim River is the most famous river in China. Melting water from alpine snow and ice is the main water source of inland rivers, so the hydrological characteristics of rivers are closely related to seasons.

2. Junior high school geography knowledge summary: Yangtze River

The Yangtze River is the largest river in China. Its source is Tuotuo River, which originates in the southeast of Gladding, the main peak of Tanggula on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a total length of 6,300 kilometers. It flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Chongqing, Tibet, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai and other provinces and autonomous regions and flows into the East China Sea. From Xuefeng in Gladandong to Yichang in Hubei, it is the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with many canyons and rapid water flow. From Yichang to Hukou, Jiangxi, it is the middle reaches. This section of the Yangtze River is curved, with many lakes and tributaries. From Hukou to the Changjiang Estuary, it is downstream, with few tributaries, wide river and deep water. The reach is affected by tides and the water level fluctuates regularly. The Yangtze River has been the main artery of China's east-west shipping since ancient times. The Yangtze River route has the advantages of large traffic volume, low investment and low cost, and the Yangtze River water resources reserves account for one third of the country. Gezhouba Water Control Project is the first large-scale water control project on the Yangtze River and the largest hydropower station in China at present. The world-famous Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project officially started on February 4th. By 2009, 26 generators with 700,000 kilowatts will be installed. Junior high school geography knowledge, annual power generation of 84.6 billion kWh, 40% larger than the world's largest Itaipu hydropower station in Brazil. The number of ships that can only sail to Chongqing will be reduced from 1000.

3. Yellow River

The Yellow River, the second longest river in China, originates at the northern foot of Bayankala in Tibet Plateau, flows through nine provinces and regions including Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong, and flows into Bohai Sea. From the northern foot of Bayan Kara to Hekou Town, Inner Mongolia, the Qinghai section of the source is clear and slow. There are many canyons in Gansu section of eastern Qinghai Province, where the water becomes turbid and the water quantity increases. In the Ding Meng section east of Qingtongxia, the water flow is stable and the water volume is reduced. From Hekou Town to Yujin, Henan Province, dozens of tributaries, such as Fenhe River and Weihe River, have been accepted successively, with rapid water depth and large sediment concentration. Below Jin Meng is the downstream, which flows through the plain. The river is wide and the water is slow, and the sediment has become an "overground river". Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points Ice dams often block the ice flow in the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and floods occurred almost every year before liberation. The key to harness the Yellow River is sediment.

4. Lake

There are many lakes in China, with more than 2,000 natural lakes. The main freshwater lakes are Poyang Lake in Jiangxi, Dongting Lake in Hunan, Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu and Chaohu Lake in Anhui. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points Qinghai Lake is the largest lake in China and the largest saltwater lake. Lake Namco in central Tibet is the second largest saltwater lake in China and the highest lake in China.

Summary of geographical knowledge points II

Utilization of the ocean

1. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points: the ocean adjacent to Chinese mainland

China's offshore waters include the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, and the Pacific Ocean east of Taiwan Province Province. Among them, the Bohai Sea is the inland sea of China.

2. Junior high school geography knowledge summary: rich in marine resources.

Continental Shelf: Also known as "continental shelf" or "continental shoal", it is a shallow sea extending from the mainland to the ocean. The shallow sea on the continental shelf is the most abundant part of marine resources, which is rich in oil, coal, iron and other mineral deposits, and is also a place with extremely rich marine biological resources.

China has many offshore fishing grounds. The East China Sea is called a natural fish warehouse. Zhoushan fishing ground is a national fishing ground, and the northern Bohai Bay fishing ground is famous for its abundance of prawns.

China's sea salt production ranks first in the world. The main saltworks are Luchang saltworks, Ying Ge saltworks and bag saltworks.

Submarine petroleum resources: China is rich in marine mineral resources, and oil and natural gas are important marine minerals. The continental shelf of the East China Sea is the best, followed by the South China Sea and the Bohai Sea.

Arrangement and summary of geographical knowledge points 3

Transportation and tourism

1. Main railway lines

At present, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China have railways except Tibet. North-South trunk lines mainly include: Jingha-Jingguang, Jinghu Line, Jiaodi-Liuyi Line, Baocheng-Chengkun Line, and Beijing-Kowloon Line 1996, which was opened to traffic in September. The east-west trunk line includes Beijing-Qinhuangdao-Bao Jing-Jinglan line and Longhai-Lanxin line.

2. Main air routes and ports

China's deepwater wharf berths exceed1100,000 tons. The northern coastal line is centered on Dalian and Shanghai, including many routes to Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Qingdao, Yantai and Lianyungang.

Hongkong is a world-famous seaport, and Keelung and Kaohsiung in Taiwan Province Province are both important ports in China.

3. Main inland river routes

Yangtze River route, Pearl River route, Beijing-Hangzhou Canal route, Songhua River route, etc.

4. Main routes

There are flights from major cities all over the country, and civil aviation can lead to important cities in many countries such as Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania.

5. Main highway trunk lines

There are cars in all county-level areas of China. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points Among them, expressway has built the following lines: Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Line, Guangzhou-Shenzhen Line, Shenyang-Dalian Line, Xiamen-Fuzhou Line, Shanghai-Nanjing Line, Chengyu Line and Jiqing Line.

6. Main pipeline transportation

Pipeline transportation is mainly used to transport oil and natural gas. The main pipeline transportation routes built and under construction are: Daqing-Dalian, Dalian-Qinhuangdao-Beijing, Renqiu-Beijing, Shengli Oilfield-Qingdao, etc. With a total length of more than 400 kilometers. Gas pipelines from northern Shaanxi to Beijing and from Xinjiang to Shanghai are also under construction.

7. Major tourism resources in China

Natural scenery: junior high school geography knowledge points summarize China's natural tourism resources, mainly famous mountains and rivers, such as Wuyue (Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Mount Huashan in Xiyue, Mount Hengshan in Beiyue, Mount Hengshan in Nanyue and Mount Songshan in Zhongyue), four famous Buddhist mountains (Mount Wutai, Mount Jiuhua, Mount Putuo and Mount Emei) and Huangshan, Lushan and Shilin with fantastic scenery. Guilin landscape, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, etc. The beautiful West Lake in Hangzhou, Taihu Lake in Wuxi, the ends of the earth in Sanya, Hainan, Dali, Lijiang, Xishuangbanna and Sun Moon Lake in Taiwan Province are all famous tourist attractions.

2. Cultural tourism landscape

(l) Ancient cultural and artistic treasures: there are six ancient capitals (Xi, Luoyang, Nanjing, Kaifeng, Hangzhou and Beijing) and dozens of historical and cultural cities; Wan Li Great Wall; Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal; The Forbidden City and Royal Cemetery in Beijing, Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang in Xi, Ming Kao Mausoleum and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, garden buildings in Suzhou, summer resort in Chengde, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang and murals in Dunhuang Grottoes are all world-famous.

(2) Revolutionary Memorial Sites: Famous revolutionary memorial sites include Yan 'an, Zunyi and Jinggangshan.

(3) Ethnic customs and local customs: The knowledge points of junior high school geography summarize different customs and folk festivals with different styles and characteristics in different ethnic groups and regions in China, such as the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and Dragon Boat Festival of the Han nationality, the Water-splashing Festival of the Dai nationality, the Nadam Festival of the Mongolian nationality and the Torch Festival of the Yi nationality.

In addition, China's famous modern engineering buildings, colorful local specialties and industrial products, magical Chinese medicine and health care methods, and world-famous China food are very attractive to Chinese and foreign tourists.

Arrangement and summary of geographical knowledge points 4

Three northeast provinces

1. location

Northeast China, including Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, is located in the northeast of China, bordering North Korea and Russia, and most areas are in the middle temperate zone.

2. Topography and climate The topographical features of mountains and vast plains surrounded by water. The climate is characterized by long and cold winters and short and warm summers. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points: the large-scale distribution of snow and frozen soil in winter changes the distribution of water throughout the year, ensures good water content in the soil, and is beneficial to agricultural production. However, the lack of heat conditions and early frost affected the agricultural harvest.

3. The main food crops in important agricultural and forestry production bases are corn, spring wheat, winter wheat and miscellaneous grains, among which the output of spring wheat ranks first in the country. The main cash crops in junior middle school geography knowledge points are: soybean, beet and flax, and the output of beet in Northeast China accounts for more than half of the country. Liaodong Peninsula is a famous apple producing area at home and abroad. The shelterbelt in the west of Northeast Plain is the largest shelterbelt in China at present, with a length of 800 kilometers. The mountainous areas in Northeast China are known as the "Green Great Wall" and the "Northeast Linhai", and are rich in forest resources. It is the largest forest cutting base in China and the world-famous Korean pine forest area. Minks, pilose antler and ginseng produced in forest areas are called "three treasures" in Northeast China.

4. Northeast China is rich in oil, coal and iron resources. The main oil fields are Daqing, Jilin and Liaohe. Daqing Oilfield is the largest crude oil supply base in China at present. The famous big coal mines are Fushun, Jixi and Hegang. The famous iron mines in China are Anshan and Benxi in Liaoning.

5. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points: The three northeastern provinces have basically formed an industrial system dominated by heavy industries, such as steel, machinery, petroleum, coal and chemistry.

6. Dense railway network The main railway trunk lines are Binzhou Line, Suibin Line and Harbin-Dalian Line. Shenyang is the largest city in Northeast China, Dalian Port is the largest seaport in Northeast China and Songhua River is the most important inland waterway in Northeast China. Now China has built the longest expressway from Shenyang to Dalian.

Arrangement and summary of geographical knowledge points 5

Five provinces and two cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

1. Range and location

The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, including Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, are located in the warm temperate zone and are the hubs of the Central Plains.

2. The terrain is dominated by plateaus and plains.

Besides Yanshan Mountains in the north and Qinling Mountains and Dabie Mountains in the south, the topography of this area mainly includes the Loess Plateau, North China Plain and Shandong Hills, and consists of Haihe Plain, Huanghuai Plain and Northwest Shandong Plain. The Loess Plateau is the largest loess distribution area in the world.

3. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize warm temperate monsoon climate and agricultural production.

The Qinling-Huaihe line is an important dividing line between north and south climate in China. The climate in this area is mostly warm temperate monsoon climate, with long winter and summer and short spring and autumn. Most crops are harvested three or two times a year. The favorable conditions for agricultural production are sufficient heat, high temperature and rainy summer, simultaneous water and heat, and rich crop varieties. Disadvantages are: insufficient water, concentrated precipitation, prone to floods, droughts and alkali disasters. Summer precipitation is concentrated in July and August, and it is often insufficient in spring and early summer, so spring drought is a common problem that threatens agricultural production.

Four major producing areas of coarse cereals, wheat and cotton in China.

North China is an important producing area for miscellaneous grains, wheat and cotton. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points, cotton textile industry is developed. The centers of cotton textile industry are Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xi and Xianyang, which are mainly distributed along the Beijing-Guangzhou and Longhai railways.

5. Rich coal, oil and sea salt resources.

Kailuan, Datong, Yangquan, Pingdingshan and Jingxi are famous coal mines in China. Shanxi Province is the largest coal energy base in China, known as the "coal sea". North China Plain and Bohai Sea are rich in oil resources, and important oil fields include Shengli, North China and Central Plains. There are many salt fields along the coast of Bohai Sea, collectively called Luchang Salt Area, with high sea salt production. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize the largest saltworks in China.

6. Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Industrial Zone

This industrial zone including Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao and Langfang is an important economic core area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is a national iron and steel industrial base, petrochemical and marine industrial base, fuel power industrial base, machinery industrial base, radio electronic industrial base and textile industrial base. Industry is concentrated in Beijing and Tianjin.

7. Beijing-centered railway transportation network

The railway lines originating from Beijing mainly include Beijing-Guangzhou line, Beijing-Shanghai line, Beijing-Baotou line and Beijing-Harbin line. Daqin Line, the first heavy-duty unit double-track electrified railway in China, is known as the first line of China Railway. The completion of the Beijing-Kowloon line not only strengthened the ties between the capital and Shenzhen and Hong Kong, but also played an important role in the economic development of some underdeveloped revolutionary old areas along the way.

8. Big cities and ports

Beijing is the political and cultural center of the country; Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points Tianjin is a comprehensive industrial base in China's coastal areas; Tianjin Port consists of Tianjin, Tanggu and Xingang. Xi 'an is a famous ancient capital; Qingdao is an important seaport: Qinhuangdao is being built into a modern coal export port.

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