What is the history and culture of Baoan from ancient times to the present?

Baoan County, established in the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1 year), is a security guard. In the second year of Tang Suzong to Germany (757), it was renamed Dongguan. Starting with Dongguan as the county name, it is said that it is named after the rich aquatic plants (ten thousand grasses) in the territory. In A.D. 1573, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, China built and expanded a base area to defend thousands of households in Dongguan, which was divided into Xin 'an County and built a county to govern Nantou, covering today's Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The economy is dominated by salt, tea, spices and rice. From July 1842 to April 1898, the Chinese, British and Qing governments successively signed the treaty of nanking, the Beijing Treaty and the Special Provisions for Expanding the Territory of Hong Kong, and Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories were ceded and leased to Britain. Primitive civilization as early as the Neolithic Age about 56000 to 10000 years ago, the primitive people in Shenzhen (Baoan) have entered the flourishing stage of matriarchal clan commune. The original residents of Shenzhen have thrived and become the residents of the "Nanyue Department" in the "Baiyue". There are rhinoceros, elephant, water deer, macaque, fish turtle, snail, ginkgo, orange, litchi and so on. People live a primitive economic life of fishing, hunting, gathering and farming. More than 20 Neolithic sites were discovered and excavated in Nanshan and Xixiang, and a large number of fishing and hunting tools such as stone axe, Shi Mao, stone arrow and net pendant used by primitive people were unearthed. There are also waves unearthed in Xiantouling and xiaomeisha.

Painted pottery with patterns, pottery with geometric patterns, stone axes with shoulders, etc. It is a cultural relic with rich Baiyue national cultural characteristics and a splendid prehistoric culture. The sun-moon pottery unearthed in Baini Village, xiacun town, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, embodies the worship of the ancient people of China to the sun god. Cultural remains of the bronze age from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period were unearthed at the Tiegang Reservoir site in Xixiang, Shenzhen, and four ancient sites, including Hedishan in Shekou, Dameisha in Yantian and Sungang. In the sand dune in front of Dameisha village, a double-winged arrow with a length of 6.8 cm, a wing width of 3 cm and a collar at the tip was collected. This is the first bronze found in Shenzhen. After the Third War of Qin and Han Dynasties (2 14 BC), Baiyue people lived in compact communities. Incorporated into the territory of the Qin Dynasty, Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun counties were established. At that time, he led more than 654.38 million soldiers on board, and later they all settled in Vietnam. In the Central Plains, 500,000 people were exiled to the "land where Yue lived together", and they intermarried and developed Lingnan, which promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Lingnan and the Central Plains. This can be said. Therefore, the ancestors of Shenzhen were also deeply influenced by the Central Plains culture. Bao 'an County was once subordinate to Panyu County, Nanhai County. It used to be said that Panyu preceded Guangzhou. In May of the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu, Zhao Tuo was appointed as the King of South Vietnam, and the security guard at that time belonged to Boluo County. Until the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1), Dongguan County was located in the southeast of Nanhai County. The county governs six counties, including Baoan and Xingning.

Huichao area. Dongguan County is under the jurisdiction of Nantou City, Baoan County. At that time, Baoan County was about Shenzhen (including the whole territory of Baoan County), Dongguan County and Hong Kong. According to historical records, Nantou City was once the administrative center of Dongguan County, and its political and economic status was extremely important. Bao 'an is a county, which belonged to Dongguan County in Jinxianhe six years (AD 33 1 year) because there were silver mines in the mountains at that time. At that time, silver sand was a precious raw material for making silver. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Owen Wang wrote "Notes on Wei Yi and Wu Fang", saying: "If you keep the treasure, you will be safe and everyone will be healthy." "Xin 'an County Records" said, "The city is surrounded by mountains and seas, and Fiona Fang is more than 200 miles. The mountains are beautiful. Precious treasures gather together. Therefore, the county is named Baoan. " This is the origin of the name of Baoan County. It shows that Baoan County has superior geographical environment and abundant natural resources. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it lasted six years in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and ten years in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty. (AD 590), Dongguan County was abolished and Baoan County was changed to Nanhai County. In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), Baoan County was renamed Dongguan County. Its county government moved from Nantou to Guancheng. At this time, although Shenzhen is no longer the county government of Dongguan, it has changed from a regional administrative core to a maritime traffic fortress. Jia Dan wrote in the book Four Meanings of Ancient and Modern County Roads: "Guangzhou sailed 200 miles southeast to Tuen Mun Mountain. It's a sail wind, and it takes two days to go west to Kyushu Stone. " Tuen Mun Mountain is now the Castle Peak (Beidu Mountain) in the New Territories of Hong Kong. As a navigation symbol of the Tang Dynasty, Tuen Mun Mountain. Location is also extremely important. "New Tang Book" records: "(Guangzhou) has two states: Suinan and Panyu. Tuen Mun Town has strategic troops and soldiers. " It is said that this chariot was the south end of the county government in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is said to be Tuen Mun in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Han Yu, the secretariat of Chaozhou in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the poem "Although the clouds are high, the clouds should turn into waves".

Liu Julian, commander-in-chief at sea, used soldiers from Tunzhen to fight for peace and build a seaport. It can be seen that security has been an important area and coastal defense place in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Bao 'an was not only an important hub of China's southern maritime trade, but also a salt-producing area, and the salt field was more important in the economic life at that time. Dongguan, Guide, Huangtian and Guanfu county-owned saltworks are managed by Guangdong Salt Administration. During the Qingyuan period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Guangdong Salt Affairs Department was in charge. An incident of being completely massacred for treason. During the Song Dynasty, Bao 'an was economically developed until the Yuan Dynasty. The pearls produced in its jurisdiction are very famous and used as tributes. The main producing areas are Houhai of Nanshan Peninsula and Qi Long of Dapeng Peninsula, and Tai Po Sea near Tai Po, New Territories. In the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1374), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Zhan, the magistrate of Dongguan, to take the sergeant to Tai Po Sea. Only after the petition, pearl production had dried up, and the emperor ordered the exemption from mining in Baoan area. Now, at the foot of Qiniang Mountain in Dapeng Bay, a large-scale Dongshan pearl farm has been built in China, which produces high-quality pearls and is well known. At the end of the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1277), the Yuan army went south, and wangyi (namely Duanzong) and Wang Wei arrived at Jiazimen in Huizhou from Fuzhou. A.D. 1278 promotion. Then Song Shaodi moved to Xinhui yamen and was surrounded by Yuan soldiers. On the sixth day of February in the second year of Xiangxing, soldiers broke the cliff mountain, and Lu Xiufu was killed by the emperor and died in the Song Dynasty. Later, it was rumored that the emperor's bones drifted in the sea and the island was submerged, so Yimin buried Song Shaodi in Chiwan, Shenzhen. Now, at the foot of Taizi Mountain in Nanshan District, Song Shaodi Mausoleum has been repaired, and the inscription of Song Shaodi Mausoleum and the hidden dragon in the cliff sea have been erected. When the Song Dynasty was in peril, the people were organized to fight to the death, defeated and captured, and escorted to Lingdingyang outside the Pearl River Estuary in Shenzhen to watch the war. Seeing the downfall of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was deeply moved and wrote a famous sentence, "Life never dies since ancient times, and Baoan people built a" Temple of Believers "in Nantou to commemorate Wen Tianxiang". A gilded statue of Wen Tianxiang was placed. Wen Tianxiang's younger brother Wen Bi was on the list with Wenshan. In the Song Dynasty, he was appointed assistant minister of the Ministry of Housing and general manager of Guangdong and Huizhou. "Well research, prime minister brother never put off till tomorrow what you can Huizhou, soldiers to, never put off till tomorrow what you can. "Wen Bi went to Beijing to see Wen Tianxiang, with the intention of" sharing weal and woe with my brother ". Wenshan said that he was loyal and filial and asked his brother's foster mother to take care of him, so his brother's family of three went to Dongguan. There is also a saying that Wen Tianxiang's nephew, Wen Yinglin, was ashamed to drop the yuan, and "fled to Dongzhu, Dongguan, where his hometown was". Now, Wen's descendants are distributed in Songgang, Bao 'an District, Gangxia, Futian District, Xintian, Hong Kong and Dongguan Yungong, etc. "The descendants are prolific and the world is prosperous", and there are more than 10,000 Wen's relatives. Attachment: Crossing the ocean in Dingding-the mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history. The Ming Dynasty was an important period in the history of Shenzhen. In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1394), Baoan established a defense organization to defend thousands of households in Dongguan and Dapeng. Later, Nantouzhai was established as "the guardian outside Humen and the screen fan of the provincial capital", which became a huge military organization, governing six floods, and the scope of containment started from Chaoshan in the east and reached Xiachuan Island in the west. This is an important period of Baoan's military development. In the five years of Qin Long (A.D. 157 1), the army and civilians in Dapeng New Town were deadlocked with the enemy for more than forty days and finally won. During this period, the first anti-European movement took place in Baoan, Shenzhen.

European colonial war of aggression. 15 17 years, Portuguese colonists gained overseas hegemony and were plundered by pirates. Wang Jinhong, deputy envoy of Guangdong Sea Road, led Nantou soldiers and civilians to fight against Portuguese invaders. As early as the sixth year of Zheng De (15 1 1), the Portuguese Far East Armed Fleet invaded Tuen Mun Port. Forced landing and occupation. According to historical records, "Fan Yi's fleet invaded and occupied Tuen Mun Island and Hai 'ao Sea Road belonging to Dongguan County". In the 16th year of Zheng De (A.D. 152 1), Wang Jinhong braved the wind and waves, gathered editors, fought bloody battles, and defeated the Portuguese invaders to go to sea, thus defending the territorial integrity of the deep country. The European expedition fleet came from east and west. The villagers in Nantou, Baoan, Shenzhen, appealed to the Governor of Guangdong that the court established Xin 'an County in the first year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (AD 1573), which meant "turning the corner", and expanded the base areas for defending thousands of households in Dongguan to establish Xin 'an County Governance (the former site of Xin 'an County Governance is now the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shenzhen). The population is 3397 1. Economically, it mainly produces salt, grows tea, spices and rice. After the county was established, poor people from other places also came to develop it, which promoted the development of Shenzhen. However, due to political corruption and lack of military equipment, they are still often harassed by pirates and western colonists. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, in order to prevent Zheng Chenggong and the adherents of the Ming Dynasty from carrying out anti-Qing activities along the coast and being harassed by the Japanese,

The territory was once incorporated into Dongguan County. When the capital was moved, the people were scattered all over the place, and all the casualties were caused by pillows. "Since the beginning of eastern Guangdong, the disaster of life has been worse than this." It was not until the 23rd year of Kangxi (AD 1684) that the territory of Xin 'an County was completely redrawn. Most indigenous people moved to other places to live. Rent-free was adopted in Qing Dynasty. Xin 'an County has become a place where Hakkas live in compact communities. Today, Shenzhen is still the main place for Hakkas to work and live. In the 16th year of Kangxi (A.D. 17 17), Lynn Yang, the governor of Guangdong Province, built military facilities such as forts, city walls and flood control areas to resist foreign invasion, strengthen coastal defense and maintain social order. The six forts around Chiwan formed the early coastal defense of the Pearl River. By the 23rd year of Jiaqing (A.D. 18 18), after repeated reclamation, the population of Xin 'an County had reached 225,979. During the Opium War, Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy, destroyed 2.37 million Jin of opium from foreign tobacco merchants in Humen. He and Guan Tianpei, the commander of the navy, mobilized the people to conduct heroic training. Actively prepare to resist foreign aggression. In Minister Lin Wenzhong's Cantonese opera draft, Lin Zexu described in detail the situation in Kowloon, Chiwan and Humen. The batteries around Chiwan in Shekou have practical significance. After the opium in Humen was destroyed in the 19th year of Daoguang (AD 1829), a group of British sailors attacked and killed local resident Lin. Lin Zexu is in Yiwu. Lord Ryan, commander of the navy, was stationed in Kowloon Bay, and then the two sides fought fiercely near Kowloon Mountain 10 hour. We sank a huge English schooner and a sampan, killed 17 British invaders and burned many British opium boats. In the 22nd year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 1842), the Sino-British Unequal Treaty was signed on August 29th. Hong Kong Island in Xin 'an County was occupied by Britain. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (AD 1860), the Kowloon Peninsula in Xin 'an County was also ceded to Britain because of the Beijing Treaty. In the 24th year of Guangxu reign (A.D. 1898), the Qing government negotiated with Britain the Special Provisions on Expanding Hong Kong Border, and leased the present New Territories to Britain for 99 years. Since then, 1055.6 1 square kilometer has been occupied by Britain. 1900, Dr. Sun Yat-sen moved in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, overthrowing the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. In April, Zheng Shiliang, Liao Yukun and others entered the Yi Tian store in Sanzhou, Dapeng Yantian, Baoan, as an uprising base. 10 On June 6, the insurgents were in Sanzhou.

Uprising, and put forward the slogan: "The sword destroyed the Huns, delayed the revenge of the ninth century, stood with the Han people, and returned to China today." The rebel army attacked Shawan, directed at Shenzhen, and marched on Fozi 'ao in Huiyang. Later, because of the tight encirclement of the Qing army, the uprising failed, and it was called "the first righteousness of the Boxer Rebellion". After the Revolution of 1911, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, and in the third year of the Republic of China (AD 198), the county government was also in Nantou City. On June1938 65438+1October1day, the Japanese invaded south and landed in Daya Bay, Huiyang. The Kuomintang army was defeated without a fight, and the southern end of Baoan County fell. Baoan county government moved to Shima, Dongguan county. On June 1938, Baoan County Government moved to Shima County. Publicize and organize the people to resist Japan. In the same year1October 24th 10, Zeng Sheng organized sailors, westernization workers, overseas Chinese youths, students and local farmers who came back from Nanyang and Hongkong to set up the Bao Hui People's Guerrilla in Pingshan, Baoan County. At the same time, the Huiyang County Working Committee was established, with Comrade Zeng Sheng as the secretary. Huang Hua (Huang Guowei) was also sent to Dapeng area to develop party organizations. Later, Huang Wen and Huang Guowei, CPC party member, were appointed. The first party group in Dapeng area was established. Later, Zeng Sheng led the Dongjiang guerrillas to defeat the Japanese in Kwai Chung and Shayuyong. When the Pacific War broke out in February, Kowloon and Hong Kong fell one after another. Dongjiang guerrillas rescued scholars, celebrities, cultural figures and international friends who stayed in Hong Kong, such as Zou Taofen, Mao Dun, Hu Sheng, Yu Ling, Song Zhide and Ge Baoquan. Dongjiang column is active in Hui, Dong, Bao and Bo areas. At the end of 1943, Dongjiang Column was formally established. Under the leadership of Commander Zeng Sheng, a large-scale guerrilla war against Japan was launched. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Dongjiang column robbed an American warship in Shayuyong 1946, Dapeng Bay, Shenzhen at the end of June. Withdraw from Yantai, Shandong Province in the north. The history of modern development is 1949 10. 16 10 Baoan was liberated. Later, Shenzhen Wei was moved from the south to Shenzhen Wei because of its proximity to the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, convenient transportation, large population and developed industry and commerce. Shenzhen, as the county seat of Bao' an county, is the economic and transportation center of the mainland and hong kong.50000.00000000105

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In March 2009, the State Council approved the change of Baoan County into Shenzhen, and in August, 1980, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) (NPCSC) approved the establishment of a 327.5-square-kilometer special economic zone in Shenzhen. Since then, this land of more than 300 square kilometers has undertaken the heavy responsibility of a country's transformation. Today, it seems to be common sense to open up, attract investment, engage in private economy and engage in capital operation. However, in an era when the surnames of society and capital are often controversial and the leftist ideology is still lingering, the SAR relies on its own development to ensure the survival of the reform.