Where is Jiaoling County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province located?

Located in: Jiaoling County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province

Changtan Tourist Resort

Qiu Fengjia’s Former Residence

Changtan Tourist Resort< /p>

Changtan Tourist Resort

Qiu Fengjia’s Former Residence

Jiaoling

Pinyin: (jiāo lǐng)

Area Code :0753

Postal code: 514100

Jiaoling County is a county in Meizhou City. Located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, on the upper reaches of the Han River, it is connected to Pingyuan County to the west, Meixian County to the southeast, and Wuping and Shanghang Counties of Fujian Province to the north. National Highway 205 and Tianshan-Shantou Expressway run through the north and south, strangling the highway traffic between Fujian and Guangdong. The county is surrounded by mountains and slopes from north to south. It has jurisdiction over 8 towns: Jiaocheng, Changtan, Sanzhen, Xinpu, Wenfu, Guangfu, Lanfang and Nanyue, with 97 village committees and 10 neighborhood committees. The county people's government is located in Jiaocheng Town.

The population of Jiaoling is a place where Han and Hakka people live together. The county has a total area of ??960 square kilometers, one ten thousandth of the country's total area, including 1.134 million acres of mountainous land, 115,000 acres of cultivated land, and 187,000 acres of rivers, lakes and other areas. At the end of 2007, the total population of the county was 228,843. It is one of the key Taiwanese townships in Guangdong, with approximately 560,000 "Three Compatriots", including 460,000 Taiwan compatriots whose ancestral home is in Jiaoling.

Climate The county has a subtropical oceanic monsoon climate, with long summers and short winters, sufficient sunlight, a long rainy season, and abundant rainfall. Due to the barrier function of the Nanling Mountains, the influence of cold air is weakened, so the winter is not very cold.

Landform The geological structure of Jiaoling County is relatively complex. The rocks mainly include sandy shale, intrusive rock, limestone, metamorphic rock, etc. These rocks form mountains, hills, basins and other landforms. The county is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and the terrain slopes from north to south. The ratio of mountains, hills and basins is 6:3:1. The mountains within the territory are arranged in order, and the mountain ranges have two types: east-west and northeast-southwest. There are five series of mountains in ***. These mountains are the watersheds of many streams and rivers in the county. The valleys and lowlands are also roughly distributed in the middle of these mountains. Peaks above 1,000 meters above sea level include Jinshan Bi (1,170 meters, the highest peak in the county), Tieshan Zhang (1,164 meters), Huangyou Bi (1,150 meters), Dafeng Zhang (1,092 meters), Xiaofeng Zhang (1,057 meters), Zhangzhou There are 6 including Kengdong (1020 meters).

The rivers in the water system belong to the Hanjiang River system. The main river, the Shikuo River, a secondary tributary of the Hanjiang River, is 61.4 kilometers long in the county and has a water collection area of ??728.2 square kilometers. Shuhe River, Shishan River, Guangfu River and Xifeng River) are the larger basins and main farming areas in Jiaoling County, with about 100,000 acres of cultivated land and a population of more than 170,000. Other rivers include Gaosi River, Nanyue River and Beiyue River, which are also alluvialized into small basin valleys in the mountains.

Resources Jiaoling is rich in resources. Mineral resources mainly include manganese, iron, aluminum, tungsten, copper, lead, zinc, tin, coal, limestone, marble, granite, quartz sand, rare earths, etc., especially limestone, with reserves of about 1 billion tons, and coal reserves. About 4.5 million tons, manganese reserves are about 2.4 million tons, and granite reserves are about 27 million tons. Hydropower resources exceed 100,000 kilowatts. It is rich in wildlife resources and has 288 species of medicinal plants, divided into 95 families. It is rich in tourism resources and has many places of interest. In ancient times, there were eight scenic spots such as Jincheng Lion, Jade Gate Crossing, Taoyuan, Hua Hao Qinglan, Xianqiao Flying Crossing, Changtan Night Moon, Wenfeng Chaohan, etc. Today, there is Changtan Range Rover. "New Eight Scenic Spots" such as Longtan Waterfall, Yuanbishui, Ancient Earth Buildings, Zhenshan Collection, Fengjia's Former Residence, Huangyou Wonders, and Century Garden.

Culture Jiaoling has a profound cultural heritage. Lan Kui, the first Jinshi in Jiaying Prefecture in the Song Dynasty; Qiu Fengjia, a patriot, poet, and educator who fought against Japan and defended Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty; Luo Fusheng, a patriot who sacrificed his life for resisting Japan and restoring Taiwan in the Revolution of 1911, and Huang Huagang 72. Lin Xiuming, one of the martyrs; Xie Jinyuan, the famous anti-Japanese hero who defended the Sixing Warehouse in Shanghai during the Anti-Japanese War; and other contemporary world-famous scientific elites, the famous mathematician Qiu Chengtong, and the chemist Qiu Yingnan. -

2. Economy

In 2008, under the correct leadership of the county party committee and county government, and with the joint efforts of departments at all levels, various unfavorable factors were overcome. It has ensured the smooth operation of the county's economy. Major economic indicators such as gross product, fiscal revenue, national and local tax revenue, and total retail sales of consumer goods have maintained a double-digit growth trend, and various social undertakings have achieved gratifying results.

Gross Product In 2008, the county achieved a GDP of 3,396.65 million yuan, an increase of 10.1% over the same period last year, of which: the primary industry achieved an added value of 681.38 million yuan, an increase of 7.6% year-on-year; the secondary industry The added value achieved was 1,634.3 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.3%, of which the industry increased by 10.3% and the construction industry increased by 10.2%; the tertiary industry achieved an added value of 1,080.97 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.2%.

Agriculture In 2008, the county's total agricultural output value was 1.1532 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6% over the same period last year, of which agriculture increased by 0.69%, forestry increased by 26.2%, animal husbandry increased by 10.5%, fishery increased by 25.6%, and agriculture and forestry increased by 0.69%. The animal husbandry and fishery service industry grew by 20.6%. The agricultural added value was 681.38 million yuan, an increase of 7.6%.

Industry In 2008, the county's 39 industrial enterprises above designated size achieved a total industrial output value (current price) of 3,538.932 million yuan, an increase of 94.425 million yuan over the same period last year. Excluding the price index, it decreased by 0.34%. Among them, state-owned enterprises decreased by 12.2%; collective enterprises increased by 19.5%; joint-stock enterprises increased by 8.5%; foreign and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan-invested enterprises decreased by 28%; and other types of enterprises increased by 22.6%. In 2008, the added value of industries above designated size was 1,092.718 million yuan, an increase of 10.5% over the same period last year, of which state-owned enterprises increased by 7.4%; collective enterprises increased by 40%; joint-stock enterprises increased by 10.5%; foreign and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan-invested enterprises decreased by 0.9%; others Type enterprises increased by 20.8%.

3. History

Jiaoling County was formerly known as Zhenping County. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to the "Land of Baiyue".

In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (214 BC), Qin Shihuang sent troops to conquer Nanyue and established Nanhai County. Jiaoling belonged to Longchuan County, Nanhai County. In the fifth year of Han Gao's reign (183 BC), Longchuan County was divided into Longchuan and Jieyang counties, and Jiaoling belonged to Jieyang County.

During the Three Kingdoms period of Wu (222-280), Jiaoling belonged to Dongguan County and still belonged to Jieyang County.

In the first year of Taikang in Jin Dynasty (280), Dongguan County was changed to Yi Anjun still belongs to Jieyang County.

In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (331), Jiaoling belonged to Haiyang County in Ngee'an County.

In the first year of Jianyuan (479) of Emperor Qi Gao of the Southern Dynasty, Haiyang County was divided into Haiyang and Chengxiang counties, and Jiaoling belonged to Chengxiang County.

In the first year of Yongding (557) of Emperor Chenwu of the Southern Dynasty, Chaozhou was established, with Chengxiang, Haiyang and Chaoyang belonging to it.

In the third year of Qianhe in the Southern Han Dynasty of the Five Dynasties (94), Jingzhou was established and led to Chengxiang County.

In the fourth year of the Kaibao reign of Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty (970), Jingzhou was renamed Meizhou, and the Jiaoling area belonged to Meizhou.

In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1282), Meizhou was promoted to Meizhou Road.

In the second year of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty (1369), Meizhou Road was abandoned and renamed Chengxiang County, under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou Prefecture.

In the forty-third year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1560), the capitals of Yihua, Changtian, Grottoes, Shizheng, etc. in Cheng Township were analyzed. Xingning was cut off from Daxin one mile, and the capital of Yitian was attached, and Pingding was built together. Yuan County, under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou. The location of the city where Jiaoling was built, ancient Huairen, and its richest Grotto River Plain, both belonged to Pingyuan County.

In the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1633), the Ming Dynasty authorities requested the establishment of Zhenping County. Xiong Wencan, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, accepted the submission and wrote "City Construction", which accurately analyzed the grotto capital of Pingyuan and the two capitals of Songyuan and Guijian in Chengxiang, and established Zhenping County under Chaozhou.

In the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1733), Chengcheng Township was promoted to Jiaying Prefecture, which led to the four counties of Pingyuan, Zhenping, Xingning and Changle. One prefecture led the five counties of Jiaying. produce.

In the twelfth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1807), officials reported that Jiaying Prefecture was the Jiaying Prefecture. In the seventeenth year (1812), it was still changed to a state, and it was Zhenping County, Jiaying Prefecture.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), after the founding of the Republic of China, Jiaying Prefecture was abolished and Zhenping County was directly under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province.

In the 3rd year of the Republic of China (1914), because Henan Province already had "Zhenping County", Zhenping County in Guangdong was renamed Jiaoling County.

On May 14, 1949, Jiaoling County was liberated. In June, the People's Democratic Government of Jiaoling County was established, under the jurisdiction of Xingmei District.

In 1952, Xingmei District was abolished and Jiaoling County was placed under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Guangdong Administrative Office.

In August 1952, Jiaoling and Pingyuan County merged and were called Jiaoping County.

In March 1954, Jiao County was divided into equal parts and was still called Jiaoling County. In February 1956, the Shantou Office was established and the Guangdong East Office was abolished. Jiaoling County was changed to Shantou Prefecture.

In December 1958, Jiaoling merged with Meixian and was called Meixian.

In March 1961, Jiaomei was divided into counties and the establishment of Jiaoling County was restored.

On July 1, 1965, the Meixian Prefecture was separated from the Shantou Prefecture and the Meixian Prefecture was established. Jiaoling County was affiliated to the Meixian Prefecture.

In the spring of 1988, the Mei County area was abolished and Meizhou City was established. Jiaoling County was under the jurisdiction of Meizhou City.

4. Folk Customs

The Hakkas in Jiaoling are the descendants of the Han people in the ancient Central Plains. They have developed their unique customs and traditional consciousness in their long-term handicraft life.

1. Production customs

Plowing is the main occupation, and crops are divided into morning and evening seasons. During the busy farming season, villagers help each other regardless of remuneration. Men mostly go out to make a living. Household management and farming are done by women. Traditional agricultural equipment includes plows, reel shafts, toes, iron bars, sickles, rake, wooden keel waterwheels, etc.

When women go up the mountain to cut grass, they are called "Gie Luqi". Hakka women's Luqi Dan is the most distinctive. A load of Luqi has two heads and eight bundles. , ramie is grown in the garden, and women use it to weave summer cloth, which is called Jiaji cloth. Jute is also grown to make ropes, such as ropes and cow ropes.

2. Living customs

Clothing In the old days, self-woven loom cloth was used to make quilts and clothes. Nowadays, this has been eliminated. From the Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, officials, gentry and Confucian scholars wore long robes and horse hangings. In ancient times, civilian men's and women's clothing was open-fronted, and women wore open-fronted tops, called cardigans, which were knee-length. Nowadays, suits are popular among the various clothing styles.

Shoes and Hats In the old days, there were cloth shoes, commonly known as Amu shoes.

There are now many varieties of straw sandals and traditional Cantonese wooden shoes, and their styles are becoming increasingly novel. In the old days, men wore felt hats, top hats and cotton hats in winter. Women wear hats (head skirts) in winter, made of blue cloth.

Eat three meals a day, mainly rice. In the old days, a pot was used to cook rice in the morning, and the rice was scooped up with a hood and placed in a rice cooker for the whole day. Traditional famous dishes and delicacies include "braised pork with garlic", "braised dog meat", "fried chicken with wine", " "Salt_Chicken", "Braised Pork", "Dip Duck", "Yongdoufu", "Yu Sheng", "Xianren_", "Lard_", "Guo Du_", "Huang_", etc.

The most distinctive and representative Hakka dwelling is the "Weilong House", which is mostly built on hills, slopes or in front of hills with intertwined fields. The construction technology used is the most advanced combination of "lifting beam style" and "passing bucket style" in the architectural art of the Han people in the Central Plains. Its structure is generally "one entrance, three halls, two rooms and one enclosure". There is a sun-shaded flat in front of the house. Inside the gate, there are three halls: upper, middle and lower. The left and right halls are divided into two or four chambers, with the two chambers extending backward to form a horseshoe-shaped back wall. Its characteristic is that the north and south meridian are the semi-axes. Symmetrical, the half-moon-shaped pond in front of the house and the dragon-shaped house behind the main hall are combined into a large pole-shaped whole.

3. Marriage customs

Before liberation, the marriages of Jiaoling people were divided into "daxing marriage", "child bride", "waiting for the bride's sister" and "second marriage" . Most of the popular marriages are arranged marriages based on "the parents' orders and the matchmaker's words". The procedures include engagement, acceptance of betrothal gifts, welcome to the bride, worship at the bridal chamber, three dynasties and other etiquette. On the day of welcoming the bride, the woman wears a cheongsam and a phoenix crown and rides in a sedan. When she gets married, she will first hold a peach or banyan branch to clear the way, which is called dragging the green. The groom's family will welcome the bride with drums and music. After the sedan arrives at the groom's house, the groom will kick the sedan door and help the bride into the house. In the old days, when a small family gave birth to a boy, they would pick up a girl from a neighbor with a foreign surname. This was known as "careful". When they reach adulthood, they get married on New Year's Eve and the marriage is consummated. This is the child bride. In the old days, some poor families had no sons, so they bought a girl to raise. After they gave birth to a boy, they would become a couple, and they would get married when they grew up. Some daughters-in-law grow to be eighteen years old, while their “little husbands” are only a few years old, so there is a saying that “the eighteen-year-old wife is a three-year-old husband”. Second marriage refers to women remarrying. In the old days, they were often discriminated against. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, marriages were organized in new ways and civilization became more popular. There are group weddings, men visiting women's homes, travel marriages, tea parties, etc. The weddings are simple and warm.

4. Sacrifice customs

In the old days, the death of an old man was commonly known as "passing over"; the burial was commonly known as "returning to the mountain". There are also many red tapes at funerals, and wealthy families also have to pray for monks to chant sutras (commonly known as fasting). In Jiaoling County, burials in coffins were still the norm. Nowadays, the old custom has been eliminated and cremation and sacrifices are carried out. Each family name in Jiaoling has an ancestral temple. Those located in the county are called ancestral temples. Among the clansmen, they are called Jiajin ancestral halls, which are also called ancestral halls. Worshiping ancestors is divided into spring sacrifice and autumn sacrifice. The spring sacrifice is mainly in the form of tomb sweeping, and the autumn sacrifice is in August. Each surname has its own festival day, which lasts from the first day of August to the autumnal equinox. However, in some areas, ancestor worship dates are held on the half of July or other times.

5. Transportation Overview

Transportation has grown steadily, and the post and telecommunications industry has continued to develop. The transportation and postal and telecommunications industries completed an added value of 133.6 million yuan throughout the year, an increase of 3.8% over the previous year. Due to the continuous increase in investment in transportation infrastructure, at the end of 2005, the highway mileage was 853.9 kilometers, an increase of 39.6 kilometers over the previous year; the highway density per 100 square kilometers reached 88.9 kilometers, an increase of 4.08 kilometers over the previous year. The freight turnover volume of various transportation modes throughout the year was 1,754.36 million ton-kilometers, an increase of 0.2% over the previous year, including 1,749.35 million ton-kilometers of highways, an increase of 0.15%, and 5.01 million ton-kilometers of water transportation, an increase of 34.3%; the passenger transportation volume was 722.14 million ton-kilometers, an increase of 0.15% over the previous year. The annual growth rate is 6.2%, including 719.44 million kilometers of roads, an increase of 6.1%, and 2.7 million kilometers of water transportation, an increase of 28%. At the end of the year, the number of cars in the county reached 5,107, an increase of 16.7% over the same period last year. Among them: 2,417 passenger vehicles, an increase of 10.5%, and 2,685 general cargo vehicles, an increase of 22.7%.

National Highway 205 runs through the entire county, connecting western Fujian and southern Jiangxi respectively. It connects the Chaoshan coast and Heyuan and Guangzhou in the province. The county seat is only more than 40 kilometers away from Meizhou Railway Station, a half-hour driving distance. The goal of cementing the roads from the county to the town and connecting every village with roads has been fully realized. 91 of the county's 97 administrative villages have achieved the cementing of the town-to-village roads, and the driving distance from the county to the town has been achieved in one hour. In addition, with the construction of the Jiaoling section of the Tianshan Expressway and the Meihe Expressway, the distance between Jiaoling and the Pearl River Delta and Fujian and Jiangxi will be further shortened. Jiaoling's location advantage as a transition zone between the coast and the inland will be further highlighted. [4]

In January 2021, the Central Civilization Office determined the list of nominated cities for national civilized cities in the 2021-2023 creation cycle, and Jiaoling County was on the list.

In March 2019, Jiaoling County was included in the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (formerly the Central Soviet Area).

On January 23, 2009, Jiaoling County was included in the second national list of civilized villages and towns.