Excuse me, handsome guys and beauties, what kind of place is Iceland? Where is it?

The Republic of Iceland (Icelandic: L?veldi sland) is an island country in the North Atlantic, located between Greenland and the United Kingdom, with its capital Reykjavik.

History

Before the Scandinavians and Celts immigrated to Iceland in the 9th and 10th centuries, Iceland was the last uninhabited large country in the world. island. Iceland is proud to have established the world's earliest parliament, the Al?ingi (English: Althing), in 930 AD, although this parliament did not function for long thereafter. There is some written evidence that Irish monks lived in Iceland before the arrival of northerners, but there is no archaeological evidence to support this.

Iceland maintained its independence for 300 years and was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Before the division of the United Kingdom of Denmark and Norway in 1814 under the Treaty of Kiel, Iceland was a colony of the King of Norway, and thereafter became a client state of Denmark. In 1874, the Danish government granted Iceland limited autonomy. In 1918, Iceland further gained independence and sovereignty similar to a protectorate in domestic affairs. Denmark still retained power in foreign affairs and defense. In 1940, Nazi Germany occupied Denmark during World War II, and the Allied forces occupied Iceland in the same year. The Danish king continued to maintain legal rule until the establishment of the Republic of Iceland in 1944. The new Republic of Korea was a member of NATO and signed an agreement with the United States to defend Iceland in 1949. Under this agreement, the United States still has a military base in Keflavík, and Iceland does not have its own military forces. For decades after the war, Iceland's economy relied on fishing, and it had several conflicts with neighboring countries over this biological resource, including the famous "Cod War" with Britain. In recent years, the economy has gradually diversified due to heavy investment in heavy industry, the aluminum smelting industry has developed, and economic sectors have been liberalized and privatized. Iceland has become a member of the European Union through the EEA, but has never applied to join the EU.

Politics

Alting in Iceland was founded in 930 and is the oldest in the world. parliament. It now has 63 members, elected every four years by the national population. The head of state is the president, who serves a four-year term. The head of government is the Prime Minister, appointed by the President and, together with his cabinet, performs the administrative duties of the government.

Location

It faces Greenland across the Denmark Strait to the west, the Norwegian Sea to the east, the Greenland Sea to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. A Nordic country.

Geology and Landforms

Since the late Miocene, it has been formed by the accumulation of upper mantle material overflowing from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Rift Valley. It is a volcanic island. The rocks that make up Iceland are all volcanic rocks, with basalt being the most widely distributed, as well as andesite, rhyolite, etc.

The island has many volcanoes and is known as the "Polar Circle Fire Island". There are 200-300 volcanoes in total and 40-50 active volcanoes. The main volcanoes are: Laki volcano, Warner Dals volcano, Hekla volcano, Katla volcano. Volcanic activity on the southwest coast from 1963 to 1967 formed a small island of approximately 2.1 square kilometers. Iceland has the largest number of hot springs in the world. There are about 250 alkaline hot springs on the island. The largest hot spring can produce 200 liters of spring water per second.

Topography: It is a bowl-shaped highland, surrounded by coastal mountains and a plateau in the middle. Most of them are platforms. Most of the platform heights are between 400 and 800 meters. Some peaks can reach 1,300 to 1,700 meters. The highest peak in Iceland is Wanadalshnuk (2,119 meters). The lowland area is very small, and there are marine plains and glacial alluvial plains in the west and southwest. The plain area accounts for about 7% of the island. The coastline without glacier flow is irregular, with many fjords and small bays. Other coastal areas are mainly sandy beaches, with sandbars offshore forming lagoons.

Geothermal resources are abundant and hot springs are widely distributed.

The climate is located at high latitudes and belongs to the cold temperate zone maritime climate.

It is deeply affected by the North Atlantic Warm Current, which mainly flows from its south, and there is one that goes around its west and north. Therefore, although it is located near the Arctic Circle, the winter temperature is not low, and the summer temperature across the island ranges from 7 to 12 degrees Celsius.

Located near the low pressure center in Iceland, the weather is changeable. The cyclone brings a lot of precipitation to Iceland. The average annual precipitation in the southwest and west is between 1000 and 2000 mm, and the north and northeast are less, ranging from 400 to 600 mm. No matter what the season, there is a chance of rain and snow.

Hydrological rivers flow out radially from the central plateau. The main rivers are: Fjordrum Glacier and so on.

Iceland is not only the center of the Quaternary ice sheet, but there are still modern glaciers distributed on the plateau, mainly shield-shaped ice cap glaciers, and there are also a small number of cirque glaciers, accounting for 11.5% of the island's area. . There are mainly Hofsj?kull and Vatnaj?kull. Vatnaj?kull covers an area of ??8,500 square kilometers and is between a few hundred meters and several kilometers thick. It is the largest glacier in the world outside Antarctica and Greenland.

The vegetation tundra is widespread, with small forests in the south and meadows in leeward areas or near hot springs.

Agriculture

Iceland’s economy mainly relies on marine fisheries.

Fisheries provide 60% of Iceland's export revenue and employ 8% of its labor force.

According to 1980 statistics, fish production was 1,500,839 tons, 3,879,000 cubic meters of hay, 15,341 tons of potatoes, 902 tons of radishes, 827,927 sheep, 52,346 horses, 59,933 cattle, and 12,965 pigs. , 310,724 poultry.

Industry

The cement industry is developed.

Tourism

Iceland has four national parks.

Population: When Iceland held its first census in 1703, the population was 50,358, which dropped to 47,240 in 1801. The population increased slightly in the 19th century, reaching 78,470 in 1901. The economy grew rapidly in the early 20th century. The population also increased relatively rapidly, reaching 121,474 in 1940. During the Second World War and the early post-war period, living standards improved rapidly, and the population growth rate also rose rapidly; the annual growth rate peaked in the 1950s, and has continued to decline since 1960, mainly due to the decline in the birth rate and the increasing number of people. migrant.

Culture

The most famous classical literary work in Iceland is the Icelandic Saga, a prose epic written in the era when people began to settle in Iceland. The content is mainly heroic stories and family legends. . The most famous of them are the Niyarsaga and Gr?nlendinga and Eiríks, which describe the discovery and colonization of Greenland and Finland.

Cultural achievements include

Njal's Saga

Cultural achievements of Iceland at the end of the 20th century

The Sugar Cubes

Bj ?rk

Sigur Rós

For others, please refer to http://www.xzqh.org/waiguo/europe/2005.htm