What is the site of Yanxiadu, the largest capital of the Warring States Period?

The site of Yanxiadu is located in the southeast of Yixian County, Hebei Province, between Yishui in the north and Yishui in the middle. It is the site of the capital of Yan State in the Warring States Period and the largest one in the Warring States Period. Yanxiadu site is well preserved and concentrated in age, which is a representative city site reflecting the urban development during the Warring States period.

after the destruction of commerce in western Zhou Wuwang, Zhao Gong was enfeoffed to Beiyan. When he became king, Zhao Gong's son founded the country, with his capital in Jiyu, which is now Beijing, and later generations called it "the capital of Yan". Later, Yan moved its capital to Yishui River, which was called "Xiadu".

Yanxia Capital was founded in about 475 BC. After more than 1 years, I changed the king, Zhao Wang, Hui Wang, Wu Cheng Wang, Xiao Wang and Xi Wang. In 222 BC, when Yan was wiped out by Qin, the city was abandoned.

The plane of Yanxiadu site is rectangular. In the middle of the city, there is an old grain-transporting river running through the north and south, and a partition wall is built parallel to the river, which divides the city into two cities: east and west.

Dongcheng is divided into five parts: palace area, handicraft workshop area, residential area, tomb area and ancient river area.

the palace area is located in the northeast of the city, and consists of the building bases such as Wu balcony, Wang Jing terrace and Lao Mu terrace, forming an axis from south to north. Among them, the main building, the Wu balcony, is the largest, with a height of 11 meters, which is divided into two floors. The strongest point of Taitung West is about 14 meters, and the widest point of North and South is about 12 meters, which is equivalent to the commanding heights of the whole city of Yanxia.

The ruins of palaces in Yanxia capital, which are characterized by tall rammed earth platforms, reflect the huge scale of urban architecture and the highly developed economy and culture of the city during the Warring States period.

The northeast, southeast and southwest of Wuyi balcony are palace building groups with small platform, Lujiatai and Laoyemiao platform as the main buildings. In the city, there are sites of handicraft workshops for making ironware, weapons, bones, pottery, money models and coins, which are all near the south and north branches of the ancient river.

The tomb area is located in the northwest corner of the city, and there are two tomb areas, Jiunvtai and Xuliang Tomb. The tombs of princes and nobles are arranged in an orderly and orderly manner according to their rank. There are a lot of precious relics in the tombs.

The site of Dongcheng is well preserved, and the outline of the city wall is clear and recognizable, and the ruins are vivid. Many building components, such as animal heads, ceramic water pipes, tube tiles and slab tiles, have been found in the city. Most of these building components are very exquisite in workmanship.

There are two public tombs in the northwest corner of Dongcheng. North of the partition wall, commonly known as the virtual grain tomb area, there are 13 tall sealed mounds, which are divided into 4 rows from north to south. Judging from the relics, the virtual grain tomb area should be the tomb area of Yan State in the late Warring States period.

The tomb area of Jiunvtai, commonly known as the south of the partition wall and the ancient river channel, has 1 earth-sealed piles, which are divided into three rows from north to south, with only one in the southernmost row, which is in the southwest corner of the tomb area.

There are two bronze-imitated pottery wok ding, one set of Jiuding in the prison, two sets of seven ding in the prison and four ashamed ding left in Jiunvtai tomb area. Tao Ertao. The number of ding accords with the royal system. Jiunvtai tomb area may be the tomb of Yan State before the late Warring States period.

the plan of the west city is slightly knife-shaped, and the part of the central part of the north wall protrudes from the east, which is commonly called Doucheng, and there is no east wall. It is an affiliated building of Dongcheng, and it was located in Dongcheng that night.

Xicheng city wall system is rammed with plywood in sections, and there is a city gate in the middle of the west wall. There are few cultural relics in Xicheng, which may be an additional Guo Cheng for the needs of military defense.

there are four ancient rivers in Yanxiadu site. "Grain River" is in the middle of the city site, connecting the north and the south. The other branch turns east and south, flows out of Dongcheng and flows into the moat outside the city. These two ancient rivers in the city separate the palace area from the handicraft workshop area and the handicraft workshop area from the tomb area respectively.

There is also an ancient river channel, which is a moat outside the east wall of Dongcheng. At that time, these rivers played a role in protecting the palace area and solving the problem of urban water supply and drainage in urban planning.

A bronze figurine of the Warring States period was found in the site of Yanxiadu, which is the only complete one in China. The forehead was divided into left and right parts and combed backwards, and the headscarf hung over the back of the head. It was dressed in a narrow-sleeved robe with a right-pointed neck and a hook at both ends of the belt.

The iron anvil found on the balcony of Wuyi Mountain is the first master technology of quenching steel in China, and its history is two centuries earlier. Others, such as the inscription copper ge, engraved with heavy gold ornaments, and the large-scale palace gate copper paved capital are extremely precious treasures.

There are more ironware in the ruins than in other capitals. There are mainly plowshares, two-tooth picks, three-tooth picks, five-tooth harrows, shovels, hoes, sickles, and other iron agricultural tools and tools such as axes, hoes, chisels, saws, chippers, hammers, drills and awls. There are also a considerable number of chariots and horses, instruments of torture and iron swords, spears, halberds, knives and armor.

In ancient China, the ironware in the south was more advanced than that in the north, and Chu made more progress in forging steel. After analysis, it is proved that Yan not only mastered the forging steel casting technology and its process, but also its quenched bronze ware was the earliest among ancient relics in China, which was more than 1 years earlier than the similar technology in Europe. < P > The pottery in Yanxiadu was mainly sand-mixed gray pottery in the early stage, and argillaceous gray pottery in the late stage. The coarse red pottery made of mica is the most characteristic pottery in Yan State. The common types of pottery are Wei, red pottery, beans, cans, pots, pots, bowls, statues and swallow-shaped Wei. There are many engraved symbols, embossed symbols and Wen Tao on pottery.

There are Jing Ke Tower, Zhenling Tower and other places related to the Warring States culture around Yanxia Capital. Looking at the historic sites, watching the Yi River flowing to the east, and thinking back to the heroic scene of Yan Taizi Dan's farewell dinner for Jing Ke in those days, people can't help sighing that there are many generous and sad people in Yanzhao since ancient times. In 193, Ma Heng, a famous archaeologist, presided over the excavation of the site of Laomutai, the capital of Yanxia. In 1961, the State Council announced the site of Yanxiadu as a national key cultural relic protection unit. In the same year, the Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Team conducted a comprehensive investigation and excavation of the site, revealing the original appearance of the Yanxiadu site.

In p>21, Yanxiadu Site was rated as one of the "1 Great Archaeological Discoveries in China in the 2th Century", and in the same year, National Cultural Heritage Administration listed it as one of the 1 major sites protection projects.

Yanxiadu site