Which major is better, tourism management, marketing or public enterprise management? More suitable for girls?

Tourism management discipline is two disciplines under the first-class discipline of business administration. Tourism management is a new subject to study tourism management. With the integration of international economy and China's entry into WTO, China's tourism economy and tourism industry have become the most dynamic parts of China's national economy and world economic and industrial system. Tourism management major is a comprehensive major that combines tourism, management and culturology. Its goal is to cultivate senior professionals with professional knowledge of tourism management who can engage in tourism management and modern enterprise management in tourism administrative departments at all levels, tourism enterprises and institutions and various enterprises.

Although this discipline appeared in China less than 20 years ago, with the rapid development of social economy and culture and the continuous expansion of foreign exchanges, China's tourism industry has developed rapidly, which has not only become an important aspect of China's tertiary industry, but also formed a new economic growth point, so there is an urgent need for management talents with humanities, geography and economic knowledge. It is in this context that the discipline of tourism management has gradually developed and become an important discipline in the industrial and commercial management system.

The research scope of this subject focuses on business fields such as tourism enterprise management, tourism development and tourism marketing, exhibition service and management. The tourism management major in this section faces the modern tourism industry. According to the development of the tourism situation, it trains high-tech applied professionals who fully meet the needs of the front line of production, management and service and support the party's line. On the basis of having the necessary basic theoretical knowledge and professional knowledge, students focus on mastering the basic abilities and skills of practical work in tour guides, travel agencies, tourist attractions, tourist shopping shops and other fields. , and have good professional ethics and professionalism. Research direction Edit this paragraph 1. Tourism enterprise management

The direction of tourism enterprise management starts from the characteristics of tourism service enterprises and studies the theory, method and application of tourism enterprise management. The main contents include: the basic theory of tourism enterprise management; Tourism demand characteristics and tourism service combination; Management characteristics of tourism enterprises; Group management of hotel travel agencies; Cross-cultural management of tourism enterprises; Tourism service culture and ethics; Comparison of Chinese and foreign tourism enterprise management: the organizational system and industrial policy of tourism industry management, the present situation and system reform of tourism industry management in China; Globalization and tourism enterprise management.

2. Tourism development and tourism marketing

Tourism market development and tourism marketing direction include special research on tourism enterprise marketing and tourism destination marketing. Tourism enterprise marketing mainly studies the laws of tourism market and the characteristics of tourism products; Theories, methods, strategies and tactics of tourism enterprise marketing. Tourism destination marketing analyzes the law of destination market movement from the perspective of modern tourism spatial system, and studies and formulates targeted regional tourism marketing strategies, marketing plans and marketing control schemes in combination with the overall analysis of destination management.

3. Exhibition service and management

The direction of exhibition service and management includes the basic theories and methods of exhibition service and management, familiarity with the organization process of conferences and exhibitions, exhibition practice, exhibition marketing and customer service, venue management, booth design, engineering construction, exhibition transportation, business services, exhibition cleaning, garbage disposal, catering services, exhibition marketing concepts, exhibition organization, cost control, exhibition services, regular publication of research data and reports, exhibition marketing management, and exhibition service contractor management. Professional and technical posts in this section: tour guide, scenic spot commentator, tourism product marketing and R&D personnel, scenic spot planning and development personnel.

Business positions: planning, travel route planner, outreach sales staff.

Management positions: tourism finance personnel, travel agency manager, hotel manager, main course editor, tourism management, tour guide business, basic knowledge of tour guides, tourism policies and regulations, travel agency business, travel agency management, catering management, front office and guest room management, simulation and on-site tour guide, China tourism geography and tourism psychology. Travel Agency Management, Tourism Marketing, Tourism English, Tourism Accounting, Hotel Management, Tourism Introduction, Tourism Culture, Tourism Resources Development and Management, Scenic Area Planning and Management, Tourism Safety, Tourism Enterprise Human Resource Management, Eco-tourism, Tourist Source Countries, and Tourist Attractions. Set up a school in yulin university, Shanxi University to edit this paragraph.

Jiangxi Agricultural University, Yanbian University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Peking University, China Renmin University, Northwest University, Nankai University, Chang 'an University, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Jilin University, Shandong University, Qufu Normal University, Yunnan University, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China Tourism College, East China Normal University, Sun Yat-sen University, Hainan University, South China Normal University, Sichuan University, Sichuan Agricultural University, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics. Fujian Normal University, Zhejiang Tourism Vocational College, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Dalian University, Dalian University for Nationalities, Heilongjiang University, Anhui Normal University, Yunnan University for Nationalities, Southeast University, Zhejiang Ocean University, Yanshan University, Guilin Institute of Technology, Qingdao Hotel Management College, Chongqing Three Gorges University, and School of Economics and Management.

Professional code and professional name Professional code: 1 10206

Professional Name: Tourism Management

Professional characteristics and training requirements

Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of modern management, are trained and exercised by general management methods, managers' basic qualities and basic abilities, master modern management theories, techniques and methods, and have the basic abilities of planning, coordination, organization and decision-making.

Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

① Master the basic theories and knowledge of tourism management;

Master the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of tourism and tourism enterprise management research;

③ Be familiar with the principles, policies and regulations of China's tourism development, and understand the development trend of tourism;

(4) Be able to skillfully use advanced computer technology and English language tools;

⑤ Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query, and have the ability to independently study and solve problems.

Academic system and credit requirements

The standard academic system is four years and the study period is 3-6 years. Completed 167.5 credits.

Degree conferring

bachelor

Practical teaching link

Including comprehensive investigation of tourist attractions, professional course practice, social investigation, graduation practice, etc. 20 weeks in total. The comprehensive investigation of tourist attractions is arranged in the eighth semester (April); Social investigation is arranged in annual leave; Graduation practice is arranged in the seventh semester (July -65438+ 10). Professional course probation is arranged by professional course teachers themselves.

Cultural quality cultivation

Give full play to the multidisciplinary advantages of comprehensive universities, integrate and optimize humanities and social sciences courses, and improve students' cultural literacy through the reasonable setting of public and professional elective courses and the perfect construction of the second classroom. Specific measures are as follows:

Provide multidisciplinary lectures;

Invite experts and famous artists to introduce international and domestic academic frontier trends;

Establish various student associations and carry out diversified campus cultural activities;

Hold a reading salon to exchange experiences;

Establish contacts and exchanges with foreign students;

Use campus network, literary publications, class wall newspapers and other carriers to provide students with a garden to show themselves, argue academically and exchange ideas.

Cultivation of innovative ability

1, strengthen the guidance of teachers. Instructors should attach importance to the cultivation of students' innovative consciousness, inspire students to analyze the problems existing in the development of modern tourism in professional teaching, and require corresponding countermeasures to improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems. Focus on the frontier issues, hot issues and academic debates of tourism research, and cultivate students' thinking ability of seeking differences.

2. Strengthen the cultivation of students' research learning ability. Guide students to make full use of academic information and books, and pay attention to teaching scientific learning methods and research methods. Instruct students to pay attention to the writing of papers in order to strengthen the exercise of students' writing ability, and select some high-quality student papers to be published in official journals.

3. Pay attention to practical teaching and cultivate students' innovative ability. Make full use of professional skills simulation training, course probation, graduation practice and other practical teaching links, organize students to carry out tourism planning, tourism route design, tourism publicity planning and other design activities, and cultivate students' innovative ability.

4. Set up an "expert lecture" in the teaching plan. Invite local and domestic influential experts and professors to give lectures on important theoretical issues and academic development trends of tourism research, so that students can accept new ideas, viewpoints and methods of tourism research. If possible, organize some students to attend academic seminars.

Graduation conditions and their necessary explanations

Students have completed 167.5 credits, CCT has passed the provincial examination, CET-4 has reached the school standard, and physical education has reached the national students' physical health standard. Only those who pass the graduation internship and graduation thesis can graduate.

(1) Marketing Major (undergraduate) Marketing is an important part of enterprise management activities, and marketing is an important branch of management. Generally speaking, the major of marketing is to train "businessmen". Today, with the gradual improvement of market economy, enterprises and companies, as independent economic entities, will be unthinkable to "do business" with scientific and modern marketing means without professional marketing talents.

Marketing theory was born in America in the early 20th century. After the reform and opening up, China began to introduce marketing. Marketing is a major with more contacts with people, so this major needs strong language and writing skills, interpersonal skills and basic ability to analyze and solve practical marketing problems. Students who are extroverted and good at communicating with others are more likely to adapt to this major and have more advantages in their future work. Shy, shy and unsociable students are not suitable.

Excellent marketing needs many new ideas, so students with strong innovation ability and frequent new ideas will also have certain advantages in marketing. Relatively speaking, marketing is a practical type of economic management major, which is a good choice for students who want to do practical work.

65438-0993 Beijing Technology and Business University (formerly Beijing Business School) was entrusted by the state to organize the demonstration of marketing undergraduate major and reported it to the Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Education approved the addition of marketing undergraduate major. Business training objectives of the training base of Marketing College: This major trains senior business administration professionals with knowledge and ability in management, economy, law and marketing, who can engage in marketing and management, teaching and scientific research in enterprises, institutions and government departments.

Business training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of marketing and business administration, receive basic training in marketing methods and skills, and have the basic ability to analyze and solve marketing problems.

Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

Master the basic theories and knowledge of management, economics and modern marketing;

Master the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of marketing;

③ Strong language and writing skills, interpersonal communication skills and basic ability to analyze and solve practical marketing problems;

(4) Familiar with national marketing guidelines, policies and regulations, and understand international marketing practices and rules;

⑤ Understand the theoretical frontier and development trend of this discipline;

⑥ Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query, and have certain scientific research and practical work ability.

Main subjects: economics, business administration.

Main courses: management, microeconomics, macroeconomics, management information system, statistics, accounting, financial management, marketing, economic law, consumer behavior, international marketing, market research, basic accounting, financial introduction, enterprise sales planning, commercial banking practice, human resource management, market research and prediction, distribution channel management, banking marketing, modern marketing technology, marketing innovation, advertising theory and practice.

Main practical teaching links: including course practice and graduation practice, generally arranged in 10- 12 weeks.

Study time: four years

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Management

Similar major: business administration marketing

(2) Marketing major (higher vocational)

Training objectives: Marketing Higher Vocational College is to train applied talents who meet the needs of the socialist market economy, develop morally, intellectually and physically, understand the market economy, have a solid foundation, have a wide range of knowledge, know both marketing practice and management, and know the national economic and trade policies and decrees, skillfully use computers, know import and export business, be familiar with foreign trade knowledge, master enterprise management knowledge and marketing technology, and have strong practical ability.

Business training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of marketing and business administration, receive basic training in marketing methods and skills, and have the basic ability to analyze and solve marketing problems.

After graduation, graduates should have: master the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills necessary for this major; Familiar with relevant economic regulations and policies; Have the necessary market research, market development and promotion capabilities.

Length of study: three years, and you can take the college entrance examination according to relevant regulations. Graduates majoring in marketing can engage in market research, marketing planning, advertising planning, market development, marketing management, promotional services and teaching and scientific research. Marketing personnel are indispensable talents for all enterprises, especially large enterprises. According to domestic statistics, since the mid-1980s, more than 2,000 talent exchange meetings have been held or co-organized by China business circles, and at each talent exchange meeting, marketers are the most popular and in short supply. With the increasingly fierce market competition, this trend will become more and more fierce in the future. Crisis marketing editor 1, appropriately extend the product management line.

Distributors should extend their product lines appropriately as far as possible when acting as agents for manufacturers' products, so as to distinguish the risks brought by manufacturers' crisis. Take Lao Wang, a dealer in a certain area, as an example. His product line is too single, and the main products are Robust and Huiyuan series. As a result, he suffered heavy losses in this storm. Although some remedial measures have been taken, the impact on him in a certain period of time is disastrous.

Second, increase the construction and maintenance of terminal networks.

As a successful distributor, product diversification is necessary, but it should mainly rely on the terminal network rather than one or two products to survive. Only in this way can we quickly adjust products and strategies in a crisis situation and make full use of the terminal network we control to reduce risks.

Third, strengthen cooperation with manufacturers.

In general, the ability of enterprises to take risks is much greater than that of dealers. When the manufacturer's crisis comes, the dealer should observe it for a period of time and don't return it to the manufacturer immediately. That kind of impulsive dealer, after the enterprise crisis, has the greatest loss, and the enterprise will not cooperate with this kind of dealer again. These are generally the performance of dealers without strength and vision. Especially for some well-known enterprises, as long as the information conveyed by the manufacturer to the dealer is active, the dealer should cooperate well with the manufacturer. As long as manufacturers keep their promises, return goods, and compensation, smart dealers should help the manufacturers in the same boat at this time to save the current unfavorable situation. After all, "icing on the cake" is nothing to praise, but "giving charcoal in the snow" will make people remember deeply. In this way, dealers can not only reduce risks, but also establish closer cooperation with enterprises after the crisis of manufacturers has passed. I believe that they will also get more generous returns in terms of sales policies and promotion efforts of manufacturers.

Fourth, improve their own business capabilities.

In modern business operation, opportunities and risks coexist. If you want to be an excellent dealer, you must learn to plan ahead, always establish a sense of crisis, always care about the dynamics of manufacturers, products and markets, reasonably grasp the relationship between your own capital flow, inventory, network and distribution, strengthen internal management and absorb advanced experience. At the same time, pay attention to the collection of industry information, make a good crisis plan, and know your own strength when you are ready, so as to cope with fate. Only in this way can we seize opportunities and avoid crises and risks. Successful dealers have their own characteristics, but failed dealers have many similar residences. The key lies in their judgment and ability to cope with the crisis. Only by learning to correctly handle the crisis, when the crisis comes, can we turn the crisis into an opportunity and win brilliant victories in the modern business battlefield! Business training objectives: This major trains senior professionals who have knowledge of modern management theories, techniques and methods and the ability to use these knowledge, and can engage in management work in administrative departments of institutions such as culture, education, sports, health, environmental protection and social insurance.

Business training requirements: Students majoring in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of modern management, accept the training and exercise of general management methods, managers' basic qualities and basic abilities, master modern management theories, techniques and methods, be able to engage in the management of public institutions, and have basic planning, coordination, organization and decision-making abilities. Graduates should have the following knowledge and ability: Edit this paragraph 1. Master the basic theories and knowledge of modern science such as management, economics and social science;

2. Have the necessary quantitative analysis and computer application skills to adapt to office automation and application management information system;

3. Have basic knowledge and ability in quality management, data collection and processing, and statistical analysis;

4. Familiar with relevant laws, regulations, policies and systems in China;

5. Strong social investigation and writing skills;

6. Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and information inquiry, and have preliminary scientific research and practical work ability. Main subjects: public management editor The main courses in this part are: management principles, management psychology, human resource development and management, management economics, public relations, public finance, quantitative analysis of management, applied statistics, management information system, administrative management, administrative law, leadership, public policy analysis, organizational behavior, advanced mathematics, accounting, etc.

Main practical teaching links: including social investigation, practice in enterprises and institutions, etc. It is usually arranged for 6 to 8 weeks.

Study time: four years

Degree award: Bachelor degree in management, education, literature or medicine.

Similar majors: administration, human resource management.

Employment orientation: Office and management of party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and public service systems.

The length of study is four years, and the degree is awarded: Bachelor of Education or Management. Question: Edit this paragraph 1. What is the responsibility of public enterprise management? What does it have to do with public responsibility? What is its basic nature, characteristics and connotation?

The management responsibility of public enterprises refers to the responsibility that the management subject of public enterprises must undertake and perform in the management process. Public enterprise management responsibility is a kind of public responsibility, or the performance of public responsibility in public enterprise management. Its basic characteristics are publicity and efficiency standards based on this publicity. From the perspective of understanding and dividing administrative responsibility according to the public's hopes and requirements for the government, its connotation includes responsiveness, flexibility, competence, due process of law, responsibility and honesty.

2, what is the public * * * cause management responsibility mechanism? What is the basic connotation?

The responsibility mechanism of public enterprise management refers to the ways and means that the management subject of public enterprise can really assume its due responsibilities. The core of the responsibility mechanism of public departments is supervision and restriction. Therefore, when the government is the only subject of public enterprise management, people have studied how to establish a perfect administrative responsibility mechanism. With the development of public undertakings and the formation of management responsibility category of public undertakings, at present, public undertakings generally start from two interrelated ways or aspects: formal and informal, internal and external.

3. What is the basic content of the administrative control mechanism of public enterprise management responsibility?

Including: the public organization's own responsibility mechanism, administrative supervision and inspection, administrative supervision, audit and administrative reconsideration.

4. What is the basic content of the legislative control mechanism of public enterprise management responsibility?

Including laws that establish the responsibility of the legislature to produce and provide public utility products and control the responsibility of the legislature to manage public utilities.

5. What is the basic content of the judicial control mechanism of public utility management responsibility?

There are mainly administrative litigation mechanism and administrative compensation mechanism.

6. What is the basic content of the citizen participation control mechanism of public enterprise management responsibility?

There are public hearings, opinion polls, information committees, interest groups and other basic methods.

7. What is the management ethics of public enterprises? What are government organization ethics and non-governmental organization ethics?

The management ethics of public enterprises is the moral behavior norms and guidelines of the main body of public enterprise management as a specific social role in public enterprise management activities.

Government organizational ethics, also known as administrative ethics, is a role ethics in the field of administrative management. Government organization ethics is based on either the government organization system or the government organization. It is the ethical principle and norm of the socialized role of government organizational behavior and political activities, based on the unity of "responsibility, right and benefit" and centered on coordinating the relationship between individuals, organizations and society.

Non-governmental organization ethics refers to the ethical principles and norms that non-governmental organizations should abide by when they engage in their organizational activities, that is, public affairs or activities related to safeguarding and promoting public interests.

8. What is the content of public enterprise management ethics?

First, the ethical consciousness of public enterprise management (including ethical standard consciousness, ethical responsibility consciousness and ethical goal consciousness)

Second, the practical ethics of public enterprise management.

It contains two meanings: first, it refers to the ethical norms needed to maintain the normal operation of public service activities, which are designed, formulated and popularized by the government or other social authorities; Second, the ethical norms advocated by the government in these public service activities should be supported by soft constraints such as public opinion and self-evaluation, and set hard constraints for policy optimization, so that these ethical norms can truly become the universal behavior of public service management subjects.

9. What is the basic connotation of business management ethics?

First, safeguard and promote public interests.

Second, provide public-based services.

Third, strictly abide by and enforce the law.

Fourth, have the courage to bear the responsibility of the public.

Fifth, noble professionalism.

10, what is the role of public enterprise management ethics in the management responsibility mechanism of public enterprises?

The management ethics of public enterprises plays a guiding, normative and selective role in the management subject of public enterprises.

1 1. How to promote the construction of management ethics in public enterprises?

The way to promote the construction of management ethics in public enterprises is that moral construction drives self-discipline and system construction promotes self-discipline.

First, moral construction drives self-discipline

That is, by improving the moral cultivation of the management subject of public enterprises, they can transcend all external supervision and constraints and consciously abide by the ethical norms and requirements of public enterprise management on the basis of professionalism, mission, social responsibility, life ideals and values.

B, system construction to promote self-discipline

That is, through the relevant system design, the managers of public enterprises are urged to abide by the ethical norms and requirements of public enterprise management and gradually realize self-discipline.

This mechanism is actually a combination of ethical construction and public enterprise management, which mainly includes the following contents:

First, establish and improve the legal framework.

Second, the responsibility fulfillment mechanism of public enterprise management.

Third, the code of conduct

Fourth, citizen participation.

These three majors have their own characteristics. If you are an outgoing girl, I suggest you study business management and marketing. If you are a little introverted, study tourism management. Generally, these three majors are mostly girls, and the most important thing in choosing a major is interest.