On the role of tourism in the development of national economy?

First, the advanced development strategy of tourism economy

The practice of world tourism economy shows that countries can have two choices on the road of tourism development: first, advance development strategy; The other is the lag of development strategy. The advanced development strategy is that the tourism economy surpasses the overall development stage of the national economy and promotes the development of related industries of the national economy by taking the lead in developing tourism. The strategy of lagging development is that the development of tourism economy lags behind the overall development of national economy, that is, after the national economy develops to a fairly high level and the infrastructure forms a strong system, it will drive the development of tourism economy itself.

Leading and lagging development strategies are two choices that countries all over the world make for the development path of tourism under different economic conditions, which have certain objective inevitability. At the same time, the operating environment and economic characteristics of the two development strategies are obviously different. The adaptive conditions of the advanced development strategy are: good natural environment conditions of tourism, large amount of tourism resources and attractive tourism products. The scope of adaptation is mainly: coastal areas with good economic foundation and areas with rich tourism resources and high degree of development. Because the advanced development strategy is based on the lower level of the national economy, the strategy pursues not the internal economic benefits of the industry but the diffusion benefits of the tourism economy, that is, the comprehensive characteristics of the tourism economy are used to fully promote the development of related industries of the national economy through high-intensity tourism investment. The rise and fall of tourism development is not the problem of tourism itself, but the development of the whole national economy industry. The role of tourism is not only to obtain foreign exchange and withdraw money, but also to become a breakthrough for economic take-off. We often say that "tourism sets the stage, economic and trade singing opera" is the visual explanation of the function of tourism under this strategy.

China tourism is a new industry developed with the implementation of China's opening-up policy. Judging from the industrial operation environment, this industry is based on a weak economic foundation. In order to make the tourism industry form a strong industrial system in a short time, it is necessary to increase the capital investment in the tourism industry. Therefore, from the short-term benefit analysis, the input and output of the industry are seriously unbalanced. In this case, it is difficult to fully reflect the economic characteristics of tourism itself, which are "less investment, quick results and great benefits". If we only analyze the benefits of tourism itself, it seems unreasonable to invest in tourism under the condition of weak national economic foundation. However, if we analyze the macro function of tourism, the following three points are worth considering:

First of all, since 1978, China has gradually changed its closed-door policy and opened its doors to the world. To implement the policy of opening to the outside world, China must find an open "entry point", and this "entry point" is tourism. Tourism is an export-oriented international industry with special advantages. Its operation depends on the continuous injection of tourists from all over the world. Through the development of tourism, we can attract tourists from all over the world and provide them with products and services. A large number of tourists from all over the world can learn about China's opening-up policy, policies and various favorable investment environments through tourism, which is conducive to the implementation of China's opening-up policy.

Secondly, tourism has strong comprehensive characteristics. The formation of tourism industry system involves many related industries, and high-intensity capital investment in tourism can promote the all-round development of national economy in a certain area. Especially for those areas with rich tourism resources, the driving role of tourism is more significant.

Finally, in the historical period of China's great economic development, it is necessary to use foreign advanced technology and equipment to introduce technology and equipment from abroad, and a large number of industries with large foreign exchange earning capacity and quick results must be established to meet the needs of foreign exchange funds for technology and equipment introduction. Compared with other industries, tourism, as one of the export-oriented industries, has unique industrial advantages in obtaining foreign exchange. Vigorously developing tourism can get a certain inflow of foreign exchange in a short time, which is an effective measure for countries that are in urgent need of foreign exchange and lack a strong foreign exchange earning industry.

To sum up, the present situation and basic national conditions of China's tourism economy determine that the development of China's tourism industry must adopt the strategy of advanced development. According to this development strategy, when evaluating the operation quality of China tourism, we should not evaluate its internal benefits, but its external benefits, especially its spillover and joint benefits. Only in this way can we make an objective evaluation of the development of tourism in China and improve our understanding of the development of tourism.

Second, the push-forward development strategy of tourism economy

As mentioned above, there are two development modes of world tourism: one is the conventional development mode of domestic tourism extending to international tourism; One is the unconventional development mode that international tourism promotes domestic tourism. The so-called development mode of extending domestic tourism to international tourism is to develop domestic tourism first, form overseas tourism through the development of domestic tourism and the extension of tourist areas, and then develop international reception tourism. From the social and economic background, the introduction of extensional development mode is the change of cohesive life consumption mode. In some countries, with the improvement of productivity, the progress of science and technology and the acceleration of work pace, people's lifestyles have also changed. Under the pressure of tight working and living environment, people need to get rid of the boring urban living environment temporarily and seek spiritual adjustment and physical recovery in nature, so tourism consumption has become an important part of residents' living consumption in these countries. At first, residents' tourism activities were limited to domestic areas. With the improvement of international political and economic relations and the strengthening of tourism demand, domestic areas can no longer meet the needs of tourism development, and people begin to go abroad and appreciate the natural scenery and customs of foreign countries. The tourism structure of developed countries, which focuses on domestic tourism, not only fully meets the tourism needs of domestic residents. Moreover, with the growth of international tourism demand, the tourism resources and facilities originally used for domestic residents are gradually used to receive foreign tourists, thus the situation of coordinated development of domestic tourism and international tourism has emerged.

The so-called mode of international tourism promoting domestic tourism is to develop international reception tourism first, then domestic tourism, then overseas tourism with the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, and finally form a mode of coordination between domestic tourism and international tourism. This is a kind of international reception tourism. Through the development of international reception tourism, we will comprehensively promote the development of tourism resources and the construction of tourism facilities within the scope of cities as the main body, and gradually form an international tourism system focusing on central cities. With the development of domestic economy and the improvement of people's living standards, domestic residents' tourism activities have been introduced and become an integral part of this system.

China's social, economic and consumption conditions determine that China's tourism development can only adopt a strategic model of promoting development. The adoption of this model makes the development of China's tourism industry have the following basic characteristics: First, it develops the tourism industry centered on cities with good basic and resource conditions, and pushes it from tourist cities to other regions, gradually forming the tourism system of China. Therefore, tourist cities constitute the basic framework of China's tourism development. No matter the development of tourism resources, the construction of facilities, the setting of routes and the division of regions, they are all based on tourist cities. Second, the development of tourism resources is based on the existing natural and human landscapes, from sightseeing tourism resources to mixed tourism resources. Therefore, at present, most tourist destinations in China are composed of areas with rich natural and human landscapes. Thirdly, the way of tourism organization is to take the whole tourism route as the main body, from line products to plate products, and gradually form a tourism product system based on line products, with theme products and characteristic products as the main body. Fourth, the construction of tourist facilities is based on high-grade, from high-grade facilities to middle and low-grade facilities, and finally a tourist facilities system with middle-grade tourist facilities as the main body and a combination of high, middle and low-grade facilities is formed.

Third, the leaping unbalanced development strategy of tourism economy.

The leap-forward unbalanced development of tourism economy contains two meanings: first, the leap-forward development, which refers to the transcendence of tourism development in the historical stage and the completion of conventional development in a short time, which is a development in the sense of time; The other is uneven development. The so-called unbalanced development refers to the unbalanced regional layout of tourism development, which makes the status and role of tourism in different countries or regions different. This is a development in the sense of space.

From the perspective of time development, the development of China's tourism economy makes full use of the national conditions and chooses a leap-forward development strategy, which may quickly cross the single stage of receiving overseas inbound tourists and enter the stage of receiving overseas inbound tourists and domestic tourists, thus forming a unique tourism development path. It is predicted that by the end of this century, China will become a developed tourism country in the world, that is, it will take about 15 years to complete the development journey of other domestic industries and developing countries for 30 to 40 years, which is the development trend of tourism in China. The basis of this judgment: First, the national conditions of China's tourism economy have the dual characteristics of developed and developing countries. On the one hand, due to the large population, many indicators of per capita level are at a low level in the rankings of countries in the world, showing the characteristics of underdevelopment; On the other hand, the country's overall economic strength is not weak, 1988 ranks eighth in the world, with a complete range of industries, especially the relevant departments on which tourism relies have begun to take shape. Tourism is a natural export-oriented industry, and the overall level of the country's external strength is very important. China's national economic strength can fully support China to become the host country of inbound tourism. Second, the tourist market of China's tourism industry is vast and rich. At present, China is far away from major foreign tourist destinations such as Europe and America, which limits the scale and risks of inbound tourism. But in the long run, China has a huge new market to replace: it has a large number of China tourists who are related by blood; Have a tourist source market in neighboring countries or regions represented by Japan and Southeast Asia; In addition, the number of domestic tourists naturally generated and stimulated by the "demonstration effect" in developed areas in China is considerable. The huge multi-level and multi-channel tourism market will promote the leap-forward development of China tourism.

In terms of space, in developed cities and countries and regions with relatively small land area, such as Italy, Spain, Austria, Thailand and Singapore, there are many cases in which tourism has become a pillar industry or even a main industry of the national economy. However, in the United States, Japan, CIS, Germany and other industrialized countries or major tourist receiving countries, tourism has not become a pillar industry. In China, a country with a relatively low level of modern transportation, unbalanced economic development and a vast territory, coupled with the fragility of tourism itself, it is difficult for tourism to become a pillar industry supporting China's national economy for a long time. However, judging from the position of tourism in the overall development of the country, it does not prevent tourism from making great achievements in some qualified regions and cities in China. Such as Beijing, Xi, Hangzhou, Guilin, Kunming, Chengde, Shenzhen and other cities and regions, tourism may develop into a pillar industry. Of course, through joint efforts in many aspects and opening wider to the outside world, tourism can also become a leading industry or an important industry in local and urban national economic and social development, and have a positive impact on the overall development of the national economy.