Problems existing in the development of ecotourism

(A) the contradiction between eco-tourism specialization and economic benefits

Mass tourism is not conducive to the protection of the ecological environment, the responsibility of environmental protection, and the fair distribution of interests among stakeholders. Eco-tourism is a development model to realize sustainable tourism. Compared with mass tourism, eco-tourism pays more attention to the protection of local nature and culture and the education of tourists. Its consumption is higher than domestic mass tourism, and it is a high-level tourism activity. Therefore, according to the current situation in China, ecotourism should be specialized, but can special specialization bring a lot of money needed to protect resources? Eco-tourism in China is in the initial stage of development, which is immature in all aspects, and its development is still subject to many restrictions. Its reception number and economic income are the main assessment indicators, and it is difficult for real eco-tourism to shoulder this heavy responsibility. Therefore, this has caused the contradiction between the particularity of eco-tourism and economic benefits. This case is based on Wulingyuan in Zhangjiajie, a national key scenic spot, for the sake of economic benefits, unrestrained and super-capacity development.

(B) Eco-tourism destinations vary widely, and it is difficult to unify the certification standards.

Driven by the increasingly serious phenomenon of eco-tourism, many experts and scholars are committed to the certification and standard formulation of eco-tourism in order to be able to pass through the country and even the world. Those who pass this certification standard are ecotourism scenic spots, the construction of ecotourism demonstration bases, and the unified standardization of the "chaotic" ecotourism market. However, with the development of eco-tourism, the development of eco-tourism standards is characterized by diversification, and the number of certification items has increased sharply, but only a few international standards are being formed and popularized. There are still many certification systems based on foreign classic certification systems, but blindly adopting the standards of developed countries is not conducive to the development and guidance of ecotourism in China. Different ecotourism destinations have different resource characteristics, and the key and core elements of certification are also different, so it is difficult to establish a unified standard nationwide.

(C) the lack of environmental ethics education for tourists

At present, ecotourism in China has reached a critical point. Relying on tourism laws and regulations is just an extravagant hope, and there are always tourists who ignore it. Compared with real eco-tourists, most so-called "eco-tourists" have little or only superficial ecological awareness, have a simple sense of environmental responsibility, and their tourism behavior is similar to that of mass tourists, which is enough to prove the lack of environmental ethics education for tourists in China. In China, both the practice of eco-tourism and the practice of eco-tourism environmental education are lagging behind foreign countries. The rapid popularization of eco-tourism in China has been increasingly generalized and alienated for many years. Instead of playing its due role in environmental protection and education, eco-tourism has fallen into an embarrassing situation of "destroying ecology". On the other hand, community residents are also the key to eco-environmental, and dealing with community participation is not conducive to environmental protection and eco-tourism. In the planning of eco-tourism scenic spots, there is a lack of guidance and signs about environmental education, which makes most eco-tourists behave the same as mass tourists.

(D) The management mode of ecotourism is immature.

The main objects of eco-tourism management are government, enterprises, communities, nature reserves and eco-tourists, which constitute the stakeholders of eco-tourism. Because China's eco-tourism is in the initial stage of development, all aspects of development are subject to many restrictions: the policies and regulations of the Chinese government on the development, construction, security and testing of eco-tourism have not yet been established; No matter the theory and practice of ecotourism product development or the cultivation of ecotourism management talents, there is no optimal model suitable for enterprises. The community is a passive recipient, and the benefit distribution mechanism of education, training and participation in tourism is not perfect; The facilities, environmental assessment and capacity control of nature reserves have not been solved; The ecological awareness of China citizens needs to be improved, and the guidance and restraint on their behavior and education are not perfect. It can be seen that the management mode of ecotourism in China is still immature and still in the primary cultivation stage.