Brief introduction and detailed information of Wuling Mountain

Geographical location: The location and strike area of Wuling Mountain (vein) is about 65,438+10,000 square kilometers. The mountain system extends to the northeast, the top of the arc protrudes to the northwest, the Neocathaysian tectonic belt rises, and the landform development of the mountain plain is divided into three branches from north to south.

On the topographic map of Hunan Province, the northern branch of the main peak of Wuling Mountain is Bamian Mountain, Badagong Mountain, Qinglong Mountain, Dongshan Mountain, Huping Mountain and Taiqingshan Mountain. Distributed at the junction of Hunan, Sichuan and Hubei provinces;

Unity: There are Tianxing Mountain, Hongxing Mountain, Chaotian Mountain, Zhangjiajie and Baiyun Mountain on the north side of Lishui main stream.

South Branch: It extends from Guizhou Province to Hunan Province, including La 'er Mountain, Yangfeng Mountain, Tianmen Mountain, Dalongshan Mountain and Liutai Mountain. It is the main vein of Wuling Mountain and the watershed between Lishui and Shui Yuan.

All the above three mountains disappeared in Dongting Lake Plain. Wuling Mountain runs through the southwest of Hubei Province (Wufeng), the west of Hunan Province (Zhangjiajie, Xiangxi), the southwest of Chongqing (Xiushan, Youyang, and the northeast of Guizhou Province (Tongren, Songtao and Jiangkou), and becomes a barrier for east-west traffic. However, in some areas, there are low mountain passes such as caves, which constitute the passage of east-west traffic.

Wuling Mountain, whose branch runs from southwest to northeast, runs through Longshan, Baojing, Guzhang, Yongshun and other counties, with branches all over the country, forming a spectacular Wuling Mountain system.

The main branch of environmental Xiangxi is divided into three branches:

The northern branch is Baojing Baiyun Mountain and Longshan Bamian Mountain, connecting Sangzhi Badagong Mountain and Shimen Huping Mountain, winding along the border of Hunan, Sichuan and Hubei.

Zhongzhi is Yongshun paddy field, near Chaotianguan and Zhangjiajie in Zhangjiajie City.

The south branch is mainly composed of Phoenix La 'er Mountain, Yongshun Yangfeng Mountain and Zhangjiajie Tianmen Mountain. The other three veins are not in Dongting Lake Plain.

Compared with Gao Shanfeng, there are:

The Daling Mountain in the north of Longshan County is slightly northeast-southwest with a length of 38 kilometers. The elevation of the main peak is1736m, which is the highest peak in the whole state.

One of the Wulingshan plates, Luotajie in the west of Hunan Province, is located in the middle of Longshan County. It consists of two parallel mountains running from northeast to southwest, with a length of 35 kilometers and a width of 5 kilometers, and the highest peak is 1409 meters above sea level.

Bamian Mountain, southwest of Longshan County, north-south, 40 kilometers long, 5 kilometers at its widest point, and the highest peak is 14 14 meters above sea level;

Yangfeng Mountain, located in the east of Yongshun County, runs from northeast to southwest, with an area of 33 square kilometers and the highest peak elevation of 1438.9 meters, which is the highest point in the county.

Yonglong Street, at the junction of Yongshun and Longshan counties, runs north and south, with a total length of 28 kilometers and the highest peak elevation of 1048.7 meters;

Baiyun Mountain, located in the northwest of Baojing County, runs east-west, 7 kilometers long and 4.5 kilometers wide. The highest peak is 1320.5 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the county.

Lu Dongshan, located in the south of Baojing County, the northwest border of Jishou City, runs from northeast to southwest, with an area of 35 square kilometers and the highest peak elevation of 1227 meters;

Xiangxi Gaowangjie, one of the Wuling Mountain plates, is located in the northeast of Guzhang County, with a length of 7 kilometers and a width of 5 kilometers. The highest peak is 1 146.2 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the county.

Lianhua Mountain, located in the southwest of Huayuan County, runs from northeast to southwest, with an area of 24 square kilometers, and the highest peak is 1 197 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the county.

Liantai Mountain, in the west of Jishou City, the highest peak is 964.6 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the city.

Bagong Mountain at the junction of Fenghuang County and luxi county, with an area of 15 square kilometers and the highest peak elevation of 1059 meters; La 'er Mountain, at the junction of Fenghuang and Huayuan County, runs from northeast to southwest and is a plateau landform.

Wuling Mountain is 33 kilometers southeast of the urban area, at the junction with Fengdu and Wulong County. The main vein of the mountain ranges from northeast to northwest to the west of Mugen Township, Wulong County. It is an anticline Zhongshan with an altitude of about 2000 meters, which is mainly composed of Permian and Triassic limestone. The highest part is at the junction of Damu and Longtang Township and Wulong County. The ridge extends in a cone shape, the karst landform at the top of the mountain is developed, and the peaks and valleys are dense. The main peaks are: Mocaowan (2033m), Xiematai (20 16m), Dashanbao (1977m) and Maoershan (1944m). The main depressions are Luodongba and Longtangba (about 1000m above sea level).

Wuling Mountain is located in Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces and cities.

Wuling Mountain Range is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, and the whole mountain range runs northeast-southwest, which is the transition zone of the second and third steps in China and the watershed of Wujiang River, Yuanjiang River and Lishui River. It is about 1000 meters above sea level, and the main peak is Fanjingshan Mountain, which is 2494 meters above sea level, and it is located at the junction of Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, jiangkou county and Songtao Miao Autonomous County. Phoenix Mountain, the highest peak, is 2,572 meters above sea level and is located in jiangkou county.

Wuling Mountain spans Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou, covering an area of about 65,438+10,000 square kilometers. Wuling Mountain is a wrinkled mountain with a total length of 420 kilometers and an altitude of 1000 meters. The highest peak is Phoenix Mountain in Guizhou, with an altitude of 2570 meters. The mountains are east-west, with developed karst landforms, and the main peaks are in tongren city and Fanjingshan. The area covered by Wuling Mountain Range is called Wuling Mountain Area.

Climate Mountain climate belongs to the transition type from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, with cool summer and cold winter and moderate rainfall. Taking Bamian Mountain and East Peak of Longshan Shimen as examples, the annual average temperature is 10.3℃ and 9.2℃ respectively, the monthly average temperature is 1.8℃ and-1.9℃ respectively, and it is 2 1. 1℃ and/in July. The annual precipitation is about 1700 mm, the relative humidity is 82%, and the snow days are 49 and 63 respectively.

Due to the influence of parent material, topography and hydrothermal conditions, the soil in Wulingshan Grand Canyon mainly develops calcareous soil, yellow soil and mountain yellow brown soil.

Topography: It belongs to the northern part of Wulingshan fold belt of Yangtze paraplatform. At the end of Paleozoic, more than 500 meters thick coastal debris was deposited, mainly Devonian sandstone. This kind of rock has hard texture, dense cementation, gentle occurrence and developed vertical joints. After surface water cutting and physical and biological weathering, wonderful landforms such as canyons, square mountains, stone peaks, stone walls and stone pillars have been formed. There are more than 3,000 stone peaks such as Golden Whip Rock, Luohan Rock, Three Sisters Peak and Xianren Bridge. They are like jade bamboo shoots, pen holders, stone forests, swords, Tianmen, arch bridges, jade screens, castles and lighthouses, and more like people, birds and beasts.

Hydrological Jin Bianxi flows through Wuling Mountain, forming scenic spots such as "Four Gates Surrounded by Water" and "Shili Gallery", which are characterized by "strangeness, wildness, danger, seclusion and beauty" and are "unique scenery in the world" and "wonders in the world". Zhangjiajie, Suoxiyu and Tianzishan have been established. Wuling Mountain has strange peaks, strange rocks, deep valleys and clear water. There are Lin Mang with green blue sky, pine trees with dragons and dragons, and rare birds and animals roaming the Green Palace. There are Wujiang, Qingjiang, Lishui, Yuanjiang, Youshui, Apeng River, Zishui and other major rivers in the territory.

Resources Plant Resources Plant Species

Forest is the main body of Fan Jing mountain ecosystem, and forest resources are the core of its biological resources. It is not only the primary producer of ecosystem, but also the hub of energy flow and material circulation. At the same time, due to its special hierarchical structure, it has formed a habitat for animals and microorganisms to survive. Forest classification

It can be divided into 44 forest types: primary Castanopsis fargesii forest, Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest, Davidia involucrata forest, boxwood forest, alpine cypress forest, secondary poplar forest, birch forest, Liquidambar formosana forest, Populus davidiana forest, Pinus massoniana forest and Phyllostachys pubescens forest. The forest coverage rate of Fanjingshan Nature Reserve is over 80%, and the forest volume is 3.378 million cubic meters.

There are 795 genera 1955 species of scenic plants in Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve, including gymnosperms 14 genera 19 species, accounting for 9.5% of the national species, and seed plants 144 families/460 genera 1655 species. There are 245 species of bryophytes belonging to 50 families 127 genera, accounting for11%of the total species in China. There are 38 families, 85 genera 183 species of pteridophytes, accounting for 7.0% of the total species in China, and 45 families 123 genera, 372 species of macrofungi, accounting for 4.7% of the total fungi in China. The flora is complex, and it is a rich and ancient temperate and subtropical flora.

The forest coverage rate in this area is 53%, which is the core area of China subtropical forest system, an important water conservation area and ecological barrier in the Yangtze River basin. Biological species are diverse, and it is known as "Central China Animal and Plant Gene Bank".

Vegetation attribute

The vegetation belongs to the flora of Central China, belonging to Quercus variabilis, Cyclobalanopsis glabra, Cinnamomum camphora, Phoebe bournei forest, Toona sinensis forest and Tung oil forest. Representative species are Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Castanopsis fargesii, Acer truncatum, Eucommia ulmoides, COLEOPTERA, cat excrement, Davidia involucrata, Celastrus mandshurica, Taxus chinensis, Cerasus mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Castanopsis fargesii, Phyllostachys pubescens and so on, many of which are ancient relict species. Economic forest trees include tung oil tree, tallow, walnut, sumac, Eucommia ulmoides, magnolia bark, snowflake skin, gallnut and so on.

There are many rivers with large reserves of water resources.

Mineral resources Mineral resources are diverse, and the reserves of manganese, antimony, mercury, gypsum and aluminum rank among the top in China. Rich tourism resources, unique natural landscape, excellent combination and great development potential.

The species of ornamental animals in Fan Jing Mountain area of Wuling Mountain have three faunal elements in the eastern world: Central China, South China and Southwest China. There are more than 800 species of animals recorded in Fanjingshan Nature Reserve, among which 68 species belong to 8 orders and 23 families, accounting for13.6% of the national species; Birds 16 orders, 39 families, 1 species, accounting for 6.2% of the national species. There are 4 1 species of reptiles, belonging to 3 orders and 9 families, accounting for 10.9% in China.

There are 34 species of amphibians, belonging to 2 orders and 8 families, accounting for 12.2% of the whole country. There are 48 species of fishes in 4 orders, 9 families, and 2 families and 2 1 species of terrestrial oligochaeta. There are more than 400 species of insects 18 orders, and new genera and species are still reported. In addition, there are many lower animals and invertebrates in Fan Jing that have not been studied.

Tourism Resources of Wuling Mountain Scenic Area

The distribution of scenic spots in Wuling Mountain Scenic Area can be divided into two parts: the main scenic spot and the peripheral scenic spot. The main attractions are Xiangshan Temple, Zhenwuguan and Wuling Pioneer Stone Forest Group Sculptures. Peripheral scenic spots extend eastward along the national highway "3 19" to Lianghuiba and Meiziguan.

Xiangshan Temple is located under the main peak of Wuling, on the east side of the old national road "3 19". It was originally a place for pilgrims to bathe, meditate and rest on the mountain, so it was named Xiangshan Temple, also known as Guan Jie Hall. In Qing Dynasty, the stone pagoda of Puyi Road covers an area of 1 0,067.3 square meters, with a construction area of 554 square meters. This is a rectangular quadrilateral with wooden nodules.

After crossing Fuxing Bridge, he climbed the stairs and entered the gate of Xiangshan Temple. At the entrance of the entrance, there are two generals, Hengha, guarding the gate. It consists of a barrel-shaped 7-column 3-room wooden frame structure. The word "porcelain inlay" (longevity) stands at the top of the entrance, which is quite ancient. Entering the first courtyard dam of Shanmen, there is a stupa in the left room, which is said to be used to build Xiangshan Temple, the ancestor of Zhenwu Temple, with incense lamps burning day and night.

The kitchen is on the right side of Wuling Mountain Scenic Area, and the pigsty and rice milling room are near the mountain gate. Further down to the second courtyard dam, there is a tripod in the middle, made of pig iron, with an upper opening diameter of 1.5 feet and a height of about 1.7 meters, which is used by pilgrims to burn incense. On the left is the warehouse, on the right is the guest room, and further on is the main hall, where there are five Guanyin bodhisattvas, twelve gardens and twenty-four days.

There is still a stone tablet in front of the mountain gate, which was burned in the 18th year of Qing Daoguang (AD 1838) and restored in the 21st year. Although the word is peeling off, its meaning is clear. It was burned in 32 years and rebuilt in 35 years. Next to the mountain gate stands the stone tablet of Yang, the former general manager of Pengying in the Qing Dynasty, and the newly erected stone tablet of Xiangshan Temple, a county-level cultural relics protection unit. Due to the strong incense in past dynasties, many famous literati left precious calligraphy and painting couplets, and also left precious cultural heritage for future generations. There is an eye-catching couplet at the entrance of Xiangshan Temple, telling people to chant Buddhist scripture and visit immortals in the mountains. The couplet is: the jungle is connected with the road, and people come to visit immortals.

Rift scenic spot

The Great Rift Valley, which is 42 kilometers away from Fuling city, is an original ecological rift valley of karst landform formed after hundreds of millions of years of wind and rain erosion. The rift valley is about 10 km long, and the mountains, terraces, valleys and other landscapes are strewn at random with distinct levels, and the drop from the valley bottom to the peak exceeds 1380 m.

Wujiang Scenic Area in Wuling Mountain integrates mountains, gorges, forests, springs, waterfalls, cliffs, caves, ponds, streams, pits and seams. Its cliff-like peak, as thin as a sharp knife, stretches for thousands of meters, which is rare in China. There are many wonders on the lush main tour routes: Baodaoling, Shijiamen, Thousand Books, General's Head, Tathagata Palm, Iron Wall, Five Monkeys Down the Mountain ... In addition, there are Crystal Lake, Lover's Valley, Snake Cliff, Sightseeing Sky, Wanzhangkeng and so on.

In the Great Rift Valley Scenic Area in East Africa, the forest coverage rate is over 95%, and there are more than 2,000 species of plants, and rare tree species are everywhere. Among the rare birds and animals, there are "the kingdom of animals and plants" and "geological museum". There are abundant mountain springs in the scenic area, and the spring water quality is clear and pure.

The most steep landscape in the scenic spot is the ground fissure about 1.5 km long at the end of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa. The narrowest part of the ground seam can only be carefully crossed by one person sideways.

Jiaobangzhai scenic spot

Jiaobang Village, known as "the first village in Wujiang River", was founded in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of 1000 years. This village was originally named "Mujiao Village" and was called "Jiaobang Village" in Fang Gaiming in Qing Dynasty.

Jiaobang Village is located in Fiona Fang, covering an area of 25 square kilometers. Known as "taking risks in the gorge, seeing beauty in the forest, marveling at the stone, and showing seclusion in the water". The land in the village is flat and spacious, and low mountains abound, so it is known as "Baiding Village". The north, west and south sides of the ancient village are bottomless cliffs, and there is a rushing Wujiang natural moat in the east. Only a path on the cliff is connected with the outside world.

There are Gu Song and ancient ginkgo trees in the village. There are monkeys, wild boar, leopards, civets, red-bellied squirrels, red-bellied pheasants, woodpeckers, owls and other birds and animals shuttling between the cliffs.

Jinshan Temple

Jinzi Mountain is several peaks located in Wuling Mountain Township, with an average elevation of about1.300m and the highest point of1.800m.. The cool and pleasant Jinshan is one of the most beautiful villages in Chongqing, with dense forests, colorful wild flowers and green beans and melons. It is known as the summer resort in Chongqing's alpine plain.

Standing on the top of the high golden mountain, all the mountains are unobstructed, looking for hundreds of miles. On the top of the mountain are the remaining temples built in the Qing Dynasty, and many stone carvings and historical sites still exist, magnificent; There are many caves nearby, full of stalactites and stalagmites, each with its own shape and lifelike.

Among these temples, Jinshan Temple, located in the core of Jinshan, is the most spectacular. Jinshan Temple, also known as Buddhist Temple, is named after the Buddha came here to surrender the evil golden lion.

Wuling Mountain National Forest Park

Wuling Mountain National Forest Park is located in Damu Forest Farm, Fuling District, Chongqing, which is180km away from Chongqing and 64km away from Fuling. It was built at 200 1 with an area of 1633.33 hectares. Altitude1620-980m. Wuling Mountain National Forest Park faces the Yangtze River in the north and Wujiang River on both sides. There are dense forests and overlapping peaks on the mountain. It has a rare thousand hectares of Cryptomeria fortunei forest in China, a quiet "birdsong valley", "climbing the moon peak", "thousands of feet Cliff" and "evergreen valley". You can enjoy flowers in spring, flowers in summer vacation, fruits in autumn and skiing in winter, which can be described as "five steps and one scene, ten steps and one major". The park is surrounded by vast forests, birds and flowers, birds and flowers, strange peaks and caves, beautiful scenery and fascinating.

Lanyue Peak in Wuling Mountain Rift Scenic Area is the highest peak in the park and Fuling District. Not only is the mountain majestic, but when tourists meander along the mountain road, with the change of the mountain, looking at the mountains in front of them, they can see different scenes of "the mountain side becomes a peak, and the distance is different". Climbing to the top is like climbing the top of Mount Tai. "You will be the best, and all the other mountains look short under the sky." . Clouds pass by, and mist covers your feet, as if you were above nine days.

Maoergou: Going deep into the cliff bottom of thousands of feet, I saw the cliffs on both sides with knives and axes, and the rocks were rugged. The narrowest part of the ditch is only a few meters, which is called "a scene". Looking at thousands of feet Cliff from afar, the ravines are criss-crossed, such as cobwebs, with dense vegetation and deep mystery, which is suitable for tourists to explore.

Transportation can take the shuttle bus from Hezhi Square in Fuling to Wuling Mountain National Forest Park. By car: Chongqing-Fuling-Bai Tao-Shanwo-Wuling Mountain.