Based on the reality, this paper discusses the reasons, forms and countermeasures for reducing and avoiding the loss of tourism foreign exchange income.

A: The loss of tourism income refers to the loss of foreign exchange paid by the destination country or region to maintain and develop the tourism economy or the loss caused by other reasons.

The forms of tourism revenue loss include direct loss, indirect loss, intangible loss, early loss and subsequent loss.

Usually, the main reasons for the loss of tourism revenue are as follows:

(1) direct leakage refers to the loss of foreign exchange income directly caused by the tourism industry and enterprises, such as the foreign exchange expenditure on purchasing various imported materials needed for tourism development, construction and operation; Interest on funds raised from abroad for the development of tourism, and the profit outflow of foreign investors in joint ventures or wholly-owned tourism enterprises; The wages paid by tourism enterprises to hire foreign employees, the labor costs of other foreign employees, and the management fees payable to foreign management companies. ; Various expenses paid by government tourism management departments, various tourism organizations and tourism enterprises for overseas tourism promotion.

(2) Indirect losses refer to other foreign exchange expenditures incurred to support the development of the tourism industry, such as foreign exchange losses incurred by related enterprises that provide various materials and services for the tourism industry to import various materials and labor from abroad to meet the needs of the tourism industry, to use imported materials or various infrastructure facilities with high labor force for the development of the tourism industry, and to increase consumption and imports.

(3) Intangible leakage refers to the foreign exchange loss caused by the increase of tourists, which aggravates the wear and tear of public facilities such as roads, bridges, airport facilities and sewage systems in tourist destinations, causes the destruction of various artificial and natural tourism resources and the pollution of the natural environment, and makes the tourist destinations need to import some materials from abroad for repair, compensation and removal.

(4) Pre-leakage refers to the part of the total income obtained by tour operators from selling tourism products of a certain country to tourists who have not entered the destination country.

(5) Subsequent leakage, also known as induced leakage, refers to the foreign exchange losses involved in the personal consumption of tourism professionals.

Countermeasures to reduce and avoid the loss of tourism revenue: First, constantly improve the quality of domestic products and try to use domestic products and equipment. For the imported technology and advanced equipment, it is necessary to organize personnel to tackle key problems and research, digest them on the spot, and put them into production as soon as possible on the premise of meeting quality standards. Second, actively cultivate tourism management professionals, learn modern management science, use efficient management methods, establish modern market management concepts, and gradually reduce foreign managers. Third, efforts should be made to develop low-leakage tourism products, such as eco-tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism and tourists' active participation in tourism. Fourth, strengthen the macro-control of tourism foreign exchange receipts and payments, improve the tax and profit mechanism, form a level playing field, and avoid price reduction competition among low-tax enterprises. Fifth, formulate and improve economic regulations and foreign exchange management measures, and impose necessary administrative and legal sanctions on illegal business operations and interference with the market environment in order to establish a good market order.