An essay about visiting the Summer Palace.

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, the western suburb of Beijing, which is 15km away from the downtown area of Beijing.

The Summer Palace is the largest and most well-preserved royal garden in China. Its predecessor was Qingyi Garden, one of the three mountains and five gardens in Beijing. It was rebuilt on 1888 after being destroyed by the British and French allied forces, and 1900 was restored to its present condition after being looted by Eight-Nation Alliance.

The Summer Palace is very large, with a total area of 294 hectares. It is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake.

Xiequ garden

Above, after Emperor Qianlong returned to Beijing from his southern tour, he imitated the humorous garden built by Huishan Garden in Wuxi.

Gan Long Yu ti Shi Bei

Foxiang Pavilion is the architectural center of the whole garden, which is surrounded by mountains and waters. The design of the Summer Palace also focuses on the main scenic spots in China.

It is said that the design of the Summer Palace has concentrated the national scenery, such as the Wang Chan Pavilion on Nanhu Island imitating the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, the 17-hole bridge imitating the Lugou Bridge, and the Suzhou Street in the back mountain imitating the trade street in Suzhou.

In the western section of Houhu Lake, a strange stone stands on both sides of the lake bank, which imitates the scenery of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.

Behind Wanshou Mountain, there is also a group of buildings imitating the Potala Palace in Tibet, also called "Little Potala Palace".

World Cultural Heritage: Summer Palace

● Chinese name: Summer Palace

● English name: Summer Palace

● Approval time: 1998 1 1 month.

● Heritage type: cultural heritage

Assessment by the World Heritage Committee:

The Summer Palace in Beijing was built in A.D. 1750, severely damaged in the war in 1860, and rebuilt on the original site in 1886. Its pavilions, corridors, halls, temples, small bridges, natural mountains and rivers and open lakes are harmoniously and artistically integrated, which is a masterpiece of landscape architecture design in China.

● Overview:

The Summer Palace is a world-famous royal garden, located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, about 15 km from the capital, formerly known as "Qingyi Garden". /kloc-rebuilt in 0/888, renamed "Summer Palace", which cost 30 million taels of silver and lasted for ten years. The Summer Palace is very large, covering an area of 293 hectares. It is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palace garden buildings in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.

The administrative district centered on Renshou Hall is the place where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu sat in the hall to listen to politics and meet foreign guests. Behind Renshou Hall are three large quadrangles: Leshou Hall, Yulantang and Yiyuntang, where Cixi, Guangxu and Empress Dowager lived. Deheyuan Theater on the east side of Yiyun Pavilion is one of the three major theaters in Qing Dynasty.

Seen from the wisdom sea at the top of Wanshou Mountain, the Summer Palace consists of Buddha Pavilion, Dehui Hall, Paiyun Hall, Paiyun Gate and Yunhui Yuyufang, forming a distinct central axis. At the foot of the mountain is a "corridor" more than 700 meters long. There are more than 8,000 colorful paintings on the corridor, which is called "the first corridor in the world". In front of the promenade is the rippling Kunming Lake. The west dike of Kunming Lake is modeled after the Su Causeway of the West Lake.

The back of Wanshou Mountain and the back of Houhu Lake are towering, with elegant environment, Tibetan temples and Suzhou Creek Ancient Business Street. At the eastern end of Houhu Lake, there is a humorous garden built in imitation of Wuxi Jichang Garden, which is small and exquisite and is called "the garden in the garden".

The whole garden art of the Summer Palace is ingenious and occupies a prominent position in the history of garden art at home and abroad. It is a rare masterpiece of garden art in the world.

● Cultural heritage value:

The Summer Palace is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, covering an area of 290.8 hectares, and the water surface (Kunming Lake) accounts for about three quarters, about 220 hectares. The buildings in the park are centered on the Buddha Pavilion, with more than 3,000 pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, corridors and pavilions in different forms. The whole park is roughly divided into three areas: the political activity area centered on Renshoutang, the living and residential areas dominated by Leshoutang, Yulantang and Yiyuntang, and the scenic spots composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The whole scenic spot is large in scale, which is a masterpiece of China landscape architecture.

1, Donggongmen District: the easternmost part of the Summer Palace. This area used to be the place where the Qing emperors engaged in political activities and daily life, including Renshou Hall, houses, bedrooms, big stage and courtyards in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The East Palace Gate is now the main entrance of the Summer Palace. It runs from west to east, and all the colorful patterns are painted under the eaves of the lintel. Six vermilion doors are embedded with neat yellow doornails, and a Kowloon plaque with the word "Summer Palace" is hung under the eaves in the middle, which is inscribed by Emperor Guangxu himself. Yunlong stone carving on the Imperial Road in front of the gate, carved with two pearl dragons, was carved during the Qianlong period and moved from the site of Yuanmingyuan (Anyou Palace). It is a symbol of the emperor's dignity. The East Palace Gate is dedicated to the Empress of Qing Dynasty.

2. The scenic spot in front of Wanshou Mountain: the scenic spot is dominated by two vertically contrasting axes, with the east-west axis as the promenade, and the north-south axis starting from the middle of the promenade, followed by Paiyunmen, Ergongmen, Paiyundian, Dehui Hall, Foguang Pavilion and the Peak Wisdom Sea. Wanshou Mountain, formerly known as Jinshan Mountain and Wengshan Mountain, is at an altitude of 109 meters, facing Kunming Lake in the south, with Foxiang Pavilion as the center, forming a group of magnificent buildings. On the east side, there are stone tablets of "Runwheel Hidden" and "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake", and on the west side, there are Wufang Pavilion and Baoyun Pavilion. Climb to the top of the mountain and overlook the scenery of Kunming Lake.

3. Houshan Houhu Scenic Area: Located in the northernmost part of the Summer Palace, it has few buildings, lush trees, winding mountain roads, quiet and elegant, in sharp contrast with the magnificence of the former mountain. A group of Tibetan-style buildings and Suzhou Street with the characteristics of Jiangnan water town have compact layout and their own interests.

4. Kunming Lake: It is the main water surface of the Summer Palace, accounting for three-quarters of the total area of the park, about 220 hectares. Qianhu District in the south is rippling with blue waves and vast smoke waves, with ups and downs in the west and pavilions in the north. There is a western dike in the lake, and there are peaches and willows on it. This 17 span bridge spans the lake, and three islands in the lake also have different forms of classical architecture.

5. Foxiang Pavilion: Located on the mountainside in the center of Qian Shan, Wanshou Mountain, it is built on a square abutment with a height of 2 1 m. It is a building with eight sides, three floors and four eaves; The pavilion is 4 1 m high, and there are eight huge iron rosewood Optimus Prime in the pavilion, which is a classic building with complex structure. After the original pavilion was burned by the British and French allied forces in 1860, it was rebuilt in 189 1 year (the 17th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty) and completed in 1894, which is the largest project in the Summer Palace. The pavilion is specially used to "receive Buddha" for the royal family to burn incense here.

6. Promenade: The promenade is located at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, facing Kunming Lake, facing Wanshou Mountain in the north, starting from Yuemenmen in the east and reaching Zhangshiting in the west, with a total length of 728 meters and 273 rooms. It is the longest promenade in China gardens. 1992 was recognized as the longest promenade in the world and listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. Every beam in the gallery is painted, with more than14,000, including landscapes, flowers, birds, fish and insects, and allusions to people. The figure paintings in the paintings are all based on China's classic works.

7. Paiyun Hall: The center of the building in front of Wanshou Mountain used to be Yanshou Hall, and Qianlong was built for his mother's 60th birthday. When Cixi was rebuilt, it was changed to Paiyun Hall, where Cixi lived in the garden and received worship on her birthday. The word "Pai Yun" is taken from Guo Pu's poem "Fairy Pai Yun Shan, But See the Gold and Silver Terrace", which means that the fairy is about to appear in the ethereal Qiongge of Xianshan. Seen from a distance, Paiyundian, Paiyunmen, Jinshui Bridge and Ergongmen are in a straight line. Pai Yun Dian is the most spectacular building complex in the Summer Palace.

8. Le Shoutang is the main building in the residential area of the Summer Palace. It was built in the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), destroyed in the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860) and built in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887). Leshou Hall faces Kunming Lake, backed by Wanshou Mountain, facing Renshou Hall in the east and the promenade in the west. This is the best place to live and play in the park.

There are thrones, royal pavilions, palm fans and glass screens in the hall of Leshou Hall. Next to the seat are two large disks filled with green dragon flowers, which are used to smell the fragrance of fruits, and four large copper stoves with nine peaches on them, which are used to burn sandalwood. The west suite is the bedroom and the east suite is the dressing room. Indoor rosewood wardrobe is a relic of Qianlong period.

Bronze deer, cranes and vases are displayed in the courtyard of Leshou Hall, which means "Liuhe is peaceful". The flowers in the hospital include magnolia, begonia and peony. There are also famous flowers in the courtyard.

The meaning of "Jade Hall is rich". The magnolia here is very famous. Now the one in front of Inviting the Moon is transplanted from the south by Ganlong.

17 span bridge: Located on Kunming Lake, it flies between Dongdi and Nanhu Island, connecting the Dii Island, and is the largest stone bridge in the garden. The stone bridge is 8m wide and 150m long, and consists of 17 bridge holes. There are more than 500 stone lions of different sizes and shapes carved on the railings on both sides of the stone bridge.

10, Zhou Shi: At the western end of the promenade, there is a big stone boat named Qingyan Boat, which means "sea and river". It is the only western-style building in the Summer Palace. Its predecessor was the release platform of Yuan Jing Temple in Ming Dynasty. When Qianlong repaired Qingyi Garden, it was changed to a boat and renamed as a "stone boat". The stone is 36 meters long and is carved and piled with marble. The ship's hull has two floors, with a tile floor at the bottom and stained glass windows and brick carvings at the top. When it rains, the rainwater falling on the top of the ship passes through the hollow columns at the four corners and is discharged into the lake through the four faucet ports of the hull. This design is very clever.

1 1. Grand Theatre Architecture: In Dehe Garden, it is called the three major stages in Qing Dynasty together with Yinqing Pavilion in chengde mountain resort and Yinchang Pavilion in the Forbidden City. The theater of Deheyuan was built for Cixi's 60th birthday, and it was specially designed for Cixi to watch the play. It is 2 1 m high, second only to the highest Buddha Pavilion in the Summer Palace. The theater has three floors, and the backstage makeup building has two floors. There are seven "patios" on the roof and "underground wells" on the floor. There are wells and five square pools at the bottom of the stage. When performing a ghost play, you can come down from the "sky", come out from the "underground" and fetch water from the stage.

12, Suzhou Street: It is a commercial street built on both sides of Houhu imitating the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. During the Qingyiyuan period, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shops, silk shops, dim sum shops, teahouses and gold and silver jewelry shops. The shop assistants are all dressed up by eunuchs and maids. The emperor began to "open" when he was lucky. Dozens of shops on the shore of Houhu Lake were burned down by foreign powers at 1860. The present landscape was rebuilt by 1986.

13, Copper Pavilion (Baoyunge): Copper Pavilion is one of the most exquisite and largest copper castings in China. A 4-meter-high white marble pedestal was built in Wufangge on the west side of Foxiangge, which was built in Qianlong period, with a height of 7.5 meters and a weight of 207 tons. A fan with diamonds on all sides. Although it is made of copper, it is completely made according to the wooden frame structure. There are doors in the east, south and west, four lattice doors and eight lattice windows in the north. Door and window lattice fans have rhombic lattice fan centers, and the upper part of curtain frame also has lattice fan centers, and all lattice fan centers are inside and outside.

14, Traveling in the Pictorial World: Traveling in the Pictorial World is an important group of scenic buildings in the west of Wanshou Mountain. Built on the mountain, there are two pavilions on the front, one on the left and one on the right, named "Love Mountain" and "Borrowing Autumn". There is a stone archway behind the pavilion, and behind the archway is the "Cheng Hui Pavilion". There is a climbing corridor between the buildings. Because it is located halfway up the mountain, the architectural forms are rich and varied. Buildings, pavilions and corridors are built according to different contours, and green hills and cypresses surround a group of buildings covered with red, yellow, blue and green glazed tiles, which looks like a landscape painting of China.

15, Wisdom Sea: It is a religious building at the top of Wanshou Mountain. The outer layer of the building is all decorated with exquisite yellow-green glazed tiles, and the upper part is covered with a small amount of purple and blue glazed tiles. The whole building looks colorful and magnificent. The word "wisdom sea" is a Buddhist term, which is intended to praise Buddha's wisdom as the sea and boundless Buddhism. Although the building is very similar to a wooden structure, it actually has no wood, and it is all made of Shi Zhuan vouchers without purlins, so it is called "No Beam Hall". It is also known as the "Infinite Hall" because it is dedicated to the Buddha with infinite longevity.

16, Tongniu: Tongniu is on the east bank of Kunming Lake, and on the north side of the east bridge head of 17-hole bridge. 1755 is made of copper and is called "Taurus". The bronze bull is designed to suppress floods.

17, Yulantang: Yulantang was built in the southwest of Renshou Hall, facing the lake. It is a three-in-one quadrangle building. Magnolia Hall in the main hall faces south, with Xia Fen Hall in the east and Lotus Champs in the west. The East Hall can reach Renshou Hall, the West Hall can reach the lakeside wharf, and the back door of the main hall faces Yiyuntang. 1898, Emperor Guangxu, who advocated political reform, was imprisoned here after Cixi launched a palace coup.

18, Humor Garden: Humor Garden, located at the east foot of Wanshou Mountain, is an independent garden with southern garden style. Qingyi Garden was named "Huishan Garden", which was modeled after Wuxi Huishan Airport Park. 18 1 1 year after renovation, it was renamed as "Harmony Garden" according to the meaning of "quiet interest outside things and harmony in fields" in the poem "One Pavilion and One Path" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong. There are thirteen pavilions, terraces, halls and pavilions in the park, which are connected with hundreds of verandahs and five bridges in different forms. There is a stone bridge in the southeast corner of the park, and the word "Zhiyu Bridge" inscribed by Gan Long is on the stone square at Qiaotou, which is based on the argument between Zhuangzi and Keiko about "Qiushui City".

19, Four States: Four States are in the middle of Wanshou Mountain, which are Sino-Tibetan buildings. The museum covers an area of 20,000 square meters and was built on the spot because of the mountain. In front of it is the spirit world of Xumi Mountain (now changed to a platform), with classic buildings 3 meters high on both sides, and behind it is Zongyin Pavilion in Xiang Yan, which is the main building of temples and temples. It is surrounded by four continents symbolizing the Buddhist world-Dongsheng Shenzhou, Xi Niuhuozhou, Nanshan Buzhou, Beiju Luzhou and eight small continents made of towers of different forms. There are four Lama pagodas in the south, southwest, northeast and northwest, which respectively represent the "four wisdom" in Buddhist scriptures: red, white, black and green. There are thirteen layers of annular "phase wheels" on the tower, indicating the "thirteenth day" of Buddhist scriptures. This tower is unique, solemn and beautiful. There are two uneven platforms between the four continents and the eight small continents, one representing the platform and the other representing the sun platform, symbolizing that the sun and the moon surround the Buddha.

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, the northwest suburb of Beijing, which is 15km away from Beijing downtown. It is a large-scale natural landscape garden based on Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on the scenery of West Lake in Hangzhou, and drawing lessons from some design techniques and artistic conception of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best-preserved palace and imperial home forest, covering an area of about 290 hectares. The Summer Palace is the largest and best-preserved royal garden in China and one of the four famous gardens in China. On March 4th, 196 1, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.1October, 1998 165438 was named as the world natural and cultural heritage. On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.

The artificial landscapes such as pavilions, corridors, halls, temples and bridges in the Summer Palace are harmoniously and artistically integrated with natural landscapes and open lakes. The whole garden art is ingeniously conceived, which is a masterpiece of China's garden architecture art and plays an important role in the history of garden art at home and abroad.

The Summer Palace is a collection of traditional garden arts. With the help of the surrounding landscape environment, it is full of the grandeur and richness of the royal gardens in China, and it is also full of natural interest, which highly embodies the gardening principle of "although it is man-made, it is natural". Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake constitute its basic framework, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers, accounting for about three quarters of the water surface. There are more than 0/00 buildings, more than 20 courtyards, 3,555 ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 70,000 square meters, and more than 600 ancient and famous trees. Among them, Buddha Pavilion, Promenade, Zhou Shi, Suzhou Street, Seventeen-hole Bridge, Humorous Garden, and Grand Stage have all become well-known representative buildings.

The main scenic spots in the park are roughly divided into three areas: the political activity area represented by the solemn Renshou Hall, which is the main place for Cixi and Guangxu to engage in internal affairs, diplomacy and political activities in the late Qing Dynasty. The living quarters represented by courtyards such as Leshou Hall, Yulantang and Yiyuntang are the places where Cixi, Guangxu and Empress Dowager lived. The vast area consisting of the promenade, the back hill and the western district is a garden tour area for emperors to relax and entertain. On the central axis of the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, the resplendent buildings of Buddha Pavilion and Paiyun Temple start from the Yunhui Yuyu archway on the lakeshore, pass through Paiyun Gate, Ergongmen, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall and Buddha Pavilion, and finally reach the Wisdom Sea at the top of the mountain. There are many corridors and complex halls, which rise layer by layer and run through the green house. The towering Buddha Pavilion has eight sides and three floors, facing the mountain and the lake, overlooking the whole garden. The winding west dike is like a green ribbon, spanning Tianhan from north to south. There are six bridges on the dike, which are slim and graceful and have different shapes. In the vast Kunming Lake, the majestic 17-hole bridge, such as Changhong Crescent Moon, is reflected on the water, and the three islands, Hanxu Hall, Jianzao Hall and Zhijing Pavilion, stand tall, implying the legendary "Fairy Mountain on the Sea". I looked at the picture of Nongzhi, which was soft and picturesque. Emperor Qianlong once saw the living paintings of farming and weaving here, which was very interesting in the countryside. Suzhou Street, which is connected with a thousand lakes and a river, is full of wine, breezy and bustling with shops, as if it were in the Royal Shopping Street more than 200 years ago, and the humorous garden is full of fun. There are famous Zhou Shi, lifelike bronze bull, Zhichun Pavilion and other scenic buildings on the bank of Kunming Lake, which are very good.

The Summer Palace is a large-scale scenic spot, covering an area of 293 hectares. It is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which the water surface accounts for three quarters (about 220 hectares). The buildings in the park are centered on the Buddha Pavilion, with more than 3,000 pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, corridors and pavilions in different forms. The whole park is roughly divided into three areas: the political activity area centered on Renshoutang, the living and residential areas dominated by Leshoutang, Yulantang and Yiyuntang, and the scenic spots composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. It can also be divided into three parts: Wanshou Qianshan, Kunming Lake and Houshan Houhu. Qian Shan, with Foxiang Pavilion as the center, has formed a huge main building complex, which is magnificent. The rippling Kunming Lake is laid flat at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, accounting for about 3/4 of the whole park area. There is a South Lake Island in the lake, which is connected with the shore by a beautiful 17 span bridge. There is a west embankment on the west side of the lake, on which six beautiful bridges are built. After the mountains and lakes, the clear water flows back, and Gu Song is majestic and the environment is quiet.

Over the years, the Summer Palace Management Office has taken "building a garden with culture" as the goal, guided employees with the corporate culture of "one spirit, five consciousnesses and six first-class", dug deep into the cultural connotation, vigorously promoted the protection, management and research of the Summer Palace, and established a complete protection and management system of the Summer Palace with borrowing scenery, landscape system, ancient cultural relics and vegetation landscape as the core protection contents. Especially since the reform and opening up, the Summer Palace has accelerated the pace of construction and protection. It has invested heavily in restoring four scenic spots, namely, four continents, Suzhou Street, Jingming Building, Lianningtang and Farming Map, and actively participated in the transformation of the surrounding environment, thus continuing the historical and humanistic environment of the Summer Palace, restoring the integrity and authenticity of the cultural heritage, and building the Wenchang Academy Museum with the most advanced garden system in China.

1998 65438+On February 2nd, the Summer Palace was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO for its rich historical and cultural accumulation, beautiful natural environment landscape and excellent protection and management, and was regarded as a powerful symbol of one of the major civilizations in the world. In recent years, the Summer Palace has won many honorary titles, such as the first batch of national civilized scenic spots demonstration sites, the first batch of national advanced units for spiritual civilization construction, and the first batch of national AAAA-level scenic spots. In 2000, it successfully passed the international standardized ISO9000 and 14000 quality and environmental management system certification, which put the management, protection and research of the Summer Palace on a standardized, scientific and legal management track.

Brief introduction of Summer Palace

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, about15km from the city center. Originally a court garden in the Qing Dynasty, its name means "supporting Taihe". The promenade, Zhou Shi, Buddha Pavilion, Baoyun Pavilion, Grand Theatre Building, Seventeen-hole Bridge, Jade Belt Bridge and other buildings in the garden can be regarded as treasures in the world architectural culture. It has a very high position in the history of Chinese and foreign garden art. The whole garden is divided into three parts: Wanshou Qianshan, Kunming Lake and Houshan Houhu. Qian Shan, with Foxiang Pavilion as the center, has formed a huge main building complex, which is magnificent. The rippling Kunming Lake is laid flat at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, accounting for about 3/4 of the whole park area. There is a South Lake Island in the lake, which is connected with the shore by a beautiful 17 span bridge. There is a west embankment on the west side of the lake, on which six beautiful bridges are built. After the mountains and lakes, the clear water flows back, and Gu Song is majestic and the environment is quiet.

Renshou Hall is at the East Palace Gate of the Summer Palace. It is the main hall where Cixi and Guangxu sit and listen to politics. Formerly known as Qin Zhengtang, it was rebuilt in Guangxu and renamed Renshoutang. It is seven rooms wide in the east, south and north halls on both sides, with Renshou Gate in front and nine clean rooms in the north and south outside. Bronze dragons, phoenixes and ding are all beautifully carved.

Le Shoutang faces Kunming Lake, with Deheyuan Theater in the east and a promenade in the west, where Cixi lives. The gold horizontal plaque on the black background of Leshou Hall is Guangxu calligraphy, and there is a dock for Cixi to take a boat in front of the hall. Magnolia, Xifu Begonia, Peony and other precious flowers and trees are planted in the hospital, which means "Jade Hall is rich".

Yulantang is by the lake in Kunming. It is the bedroom of Emperor Guangxu. It is a group of halls that extend in all directions. Magnolia Hall in the main hall has two subsidiary halls, Xia Fen Hall in the east and Champs Elysé es in the west. The brick wall on the back eaves and two affiliated halls are isolated from the outside world and are important historical sites of the Summer Palace.

Wanshou Mountain, which belongs to the residual vein of Yanshan Mountain, is 58.59 meters high. The building complex is built on the mountain. In front of Wanshou Mountain, a huge main building complex is formed with the Buddha Pavilion with eight sides, three floors and four eaves as the center. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through Paiyunmen, Ergongmen, Paiyuntang, Dehuitang and Foxiang Pavilion, to the wisdom sea at the top of the mountain, a rising central axis is formed. On the east side, there are stone tablets of "Runwheel Hidden" and "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake". On the west side, there are Wu Fangting and Baoyun Pavilion made of copper. Among the green trees in the back hill, there are magnificent Tibetan Buddhist buildings and colorful glass pagodas. There are other pavilions on the mountain, such as Jingfu Pavilion, Chongcui Pavilion, Xieqiuxuan Pavilion and Scroll World Pavilion, overlooking Kunming Lake.

The sea of wisdom is at the top of Wanshou Mountain. It is a beamless Buddhist temple built entirely of brick and stone, which is composed of criss-crossing arch coupons. The whole body is decorated with five-color glazed tiles, with gorgeous colors and exquisite patterns, especially thousands of glazed buddhas embedded in the outer wall of the temple. The Summer Palace

The Summer Palace is the most complete and magnificent ancient garden in China. It is located in Haidian District, Beijing, more than 20 kilometers away from Tiananmen Square, covering an area of 290 hectares.

The Summer Palace used to be the palace and garden of feudal emperors. As far back as the first year of Jin Zhenyuan (1 153), the "Jinshan Palace", one of the "Eight Courtyards of Xishan", was built here. In the seventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1494), Yuan Jing Temple was built, and later the royal family built a good mountain view garden here. 1664 After the Qing court made Beijing its capital, Shan Hao Garden was renamed "Wengshan Palace". During the reign of Qing Qianlong, the park was renamed "Qingyi Garden" after the construction of 15 years. At this time, Qingyi Garden has a wall from Wenchang Pavilion to Xigongmen in the north, and Kunming Lake is the barrier on the east, south and west. There are many pavilions and bridges in the park, which are beautiful and spectacular. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the British and French allied forces looted and burned most of the buildings in the park. Except Baoyunge (commonly known as "Copper Pavilion") Wisdom Sea and Duobao Glass Tower, the treasures were looted and the buildings were in ruins. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Empress Dowager Cixi allocated 30 million taels of silver from the navy to build the Summer Palace on the site of Qingyi Garden. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Summer Palace was savagely destroyed by Eight-Nation Alliance, and subsequently Cixi spent huge sums of money to restore it. For hundreds of years, it was a paradise for feudal emperors and royals, and it was liberated into a park. 196 1 year, the State Council announced the Summer Palace as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The Summer Palace includes Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, with beautiful scenery and magnificent architecture. There are more than 3,000 buildings in the park, and the layout of the park can be divided into three areas: politics, life and sightseeing. The political activity area centered on Renshou section is the place where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu handled state affairs and met courtiers and envoys. Living and residential areas, with Yulantang, Yiyuntang and Leshoutang as the main bodies, are places where Cixi, Guangxu and empresses live. Scenic spots, mainly in front of Wanshou Mountain, Houshan Mountain, Houhu Lake and Kunming Lake, are the main components of the whole park.

The Summer Palace, which enjoys a high reputation among the world's classical gardens, is harmonious and unified. In the center of Qian Shan, 60 meters high in Wanshou Mountain, a number of buildings such as Paiyunmen, Paiyungu, Dehui Hall, Foxiang Pavilion and Wisdom Sea are vertically arranged from low to high, standing by the mountain, rising step by step and magnificent. With the tall Buddha pavilion as the main body, the center line of the whole park is formed. The promenade built along the north bank of Kunming Lake is 728 meters long and has 273 rooms. It spans the Wanshou Mountain like a ribbon, connecting the Qian Shan buildings in the east. There are more than 14000 beautiful paintings in the promenade, which is known as the "gallery". The humorous garden is located in the northeast corner of the Summer Palace and at the east foot of Wanshou Mountain. It has rich characteristics of Jiangnan gardens and is known as "the garden in the garden".

Kunming Lake, which accounts for three quarters of the total area of the park, is clear and green with pleasant scenery. On the vast lake, there are three small islands dotted around, and the main scenery is Xidi, Xidi Six Bridges, Dongdi, Nanhu Island, Seventeen-hole Bridge and so on. There are pavilions, Zhichun Pavilion, Phoenix Wharf and other exquisite buildings on the shore of the lake. Among them, the Qingyan Boat (Shiwan) located on the northwest shore of the lake is a famous aquatic building in the park, which combines Chinese and Western cultures and is exquisite and gorgeous. There are green forests and bamboos on the back of the mountain lake, and the scenery is elegant. There are winding paths of pine forests and flowing bridges everywhere, and the style is very different from that of Qianshan Mountain. The Suzhou River at the foot of the mountain twists and turns, sometimes narrow and sometimes wide, which is quite characteristic of Jiangnan. There is a multi-treasure glass tower built among the trees on the shore. There is also a Tibetan-like building in Houshan-Zongyin Pavilion in Xiang Yan, which has a strange shape. Suzhou street, originally a private trading street in the palace, has been restored and opened to tourists. The colorful Summer Palace is surrounded by mountains and waters, which reflects the superb level of gardening art in China.